519 research outputs found
Using Rapid Prototyping in Computer Architecture Design Laboratories
This paper describes the undergraduate computer architecture courses and laboratories introduced at Georgia Tech during the past two years. A core sequence of six required courses for computer engineering students has been developed. In this paper, emphasis is placed upon the new core laboratories which utilize commercial CAD tools, FPGAs, hardware emulators, and a VHDL based rapid prototyping approach to simulate, synthesize, and implement prototype computer hardware
An Adversarial Example for Direct Logit Attribution: Memory Management in gelu-4l
How do language models deal with the limited bandwidth of the residual
stream? Prior work has suggested that some attention heads and MLP layers may
perform a "memory management" role. That is, clearing residual stream
directions set by earlier layers by reading in information and writing out the
negative version. In this work, we present concrete evidence for this
phenomenon in a 4-layer transformer. We identify several heads in layer 2 that
consistently remove the output of a single layer 0 head. We then verify that
this erasure causally depends on the original written direction. We further
demonstrate that direct logit attribution (DLA) suggests that writing and
erasing heads directly contribute to predictions, when in fact their effects
cancel out. Then we present adversarial prompts for which this effect is
particularly salient. These findings reveal that memory management can make DLA
results misleading. Accordingly, we make concrete recommendations for circuit
analysis to prevent interpretability illusions
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FEE -BASED ONLINE SERVICES : EXPLORING CONSUMERS’ WILLINGNESS TO PAY
Many online service businesses are beginning to charge fees for services that they used to provide for free. It is unclear whether consumers are ready to embrace this practice. This study explores consumer attitudes toward fee-based online services. The results of the study indicate that consumers’ willingness to pay for online services is likely to be influenced by their perceived value of convenience these services provide, and by the extent to which they utilize these services. While consumers appear more willing to pay for services that are qualitatively better than free services, there is also indication that the belief remains strong among many that online services that were free in the past should remain free
Detecting Periods of Flight with High Task Load
Tools that predict dangerous working conditions empirically in the cockpit could greatly improve aviation safety. In an effort to lay the groundwork for such tools, this study will investigate whether a link exists between task load and pilots’ control strategies, their biometric data, and their planes’ position data. Using X Plane simulation software, an experiment will be run in which licensed pilots will fly a 3-nautical-mile approach into Mineta San Jose International Airport 4 times, under different task load conditions. During the flight, participants’ pupil diameters will be recorded along with the simulated aircraft position data and cognitive control modes. Future work will focus on applying these relationships to novel systems that will help pilots facing high task loads perform critical tasks without hindering the safety of those onboard the aircraft
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FEE-BASED ONLINE SERVICES: EXPLORING CONSUMERS\u27 WILLINGNESS TO PAY
Many online service businesses are beginning to charge fees for services that they used to provide for free. It is unclear whether consumers are ready to embrace this practice. This study explores consumer attitudes toward fee-based online services. The results of the study indicate that consumers\u27 willingness to pay for online services is likely to be influenced by their perceived value of convenience these services provide, and by the extent to which they utilize these services. While consumers appear more willing to pay for services that are qualitatively better than free services, there is also indication that the belief remains strong among many that online services that were free in the past should remain free
Intraosseous Schwannoma of the Jaws: An Updated Review of the Literature and Report of 2 New Cases Affecting the Mandible
Schwannomas are benign nerve sheath neoplasms composed almost entirely of
Schwann cells. These tumors most often arise in the soft tissues of the head and neck.
However, seldom do they occur within bone. This article presents a rare case of a
recurrent intraosseous schwannoma of the anterior mandible and another case of a
posterior intraosseous mandibular schwannoma accessed via a sagittal split ramus
osteotomy. Furthermore, we provide an updated review of the literature on intraosseous
schwannomas affecting the mandible and maxilla
On the theory of the vortex state in the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) phase
We demonstrate that the vortex state in the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov
(FFLO) phase may be very different depending on the field orientation relative
to the crystalline axes. We calculate numerically the upper critical field near
the tricritical point taking into account the modulation of the order parameter
along the magnetic field as well as the higher Landau levels. For s-wave
superconductors with the anisotropy described by an elliptical Fermi surface we
propose a general scheme of the analysis of the angular dependence of upper
critical field at all temperatures on the basis of the exact solution for the
order parameter. Our results show that the transitions (with tilting magnetic
field) between different types of mixed states may be a salient feature of the
FFLO phase. Moreover we discuss the reasons for the first-order phase
transition into the FFLO state in the case of CeCoIn5 compound.Comment: 7 figure
Challenges and Prospects of Vehicle OTA Spherical Near-Field Measurement Probes
This Paper Discusses the Issue of Measuring Probe Indicators for Large-Scale Equipment, Such as Automobiles, under Conditions of Offset Configuration. a Simulation of Spherical Near-Field Measurement based on an Offset Configuration is Presented in This Paper. the Measurement Error is Defined According to the Reference Data Calculated by Spherical Wave Expansion Theory. through Comparative Analysis of the Simulation Results, the Main Reason for the Measurement Error is the Insufficient Coverage of the Probe\u27s Beamwidth. by Adjusting the Probe\u27s Radiation Pattern using Simulation Software, an Optimized Probe that Satisfies Near-Field Measurement Requirements under Meter-Level Offset Conditions is Obtained. Finally, based on the Simulation Results, a Set of Recommended Values for the Main Performance of the Optimized Probe is Provided
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