High resolution, high capacity, spatial specificity in perceptual learning.

Research of perceptual learning has received significant interest due to findings that training on perceptual tasks can yield learning effects that are specific to the stimulus features of that task. However, recent studies have demonstrated that while training a single stimulus at a single location can yield a high-degree of stimulus specificity, training multiple features, or at multiple locations can reveal a broad transfer of learning to untrained features or stimulus locations. We devised a high resolution, high capacity, perceptual learning procedure with the goal of testing whether spatial specificity can be found in cases where observers are highly trained to discriminate stimuli in many different locations in the visual field. We found a surprising degree of location specific learning, where performance was significantly better when target stimuli were presented at 1 of the 24 trained locations compared to when they were placed in 1 of the 12 untrained locations. This result is particularly impressive given that untrained locations were within a couple degrees of visual angle of those that were trained. Given the large number of trained locations, the fact that the trained and untrained locations were interspersed, and the high-degree of spatial precision of the learning, we suggest that these results are difficult to account for using attention or decision strategies and instead suggest that learning may have taken place for each location separately in retinotopically organized visual cortex

Permutations preserving divisibility

We give a proof of a theorem on the common divisibility of polynomials and permuted polynomials (over GF(2)) by a polynomial g(x)

"This is shared work": negotiating boundaries in a social service intermediary organization

This article discusses the results from our fieldwork at a social service intermediary organization working to reform criminal justice institutions in a large city in the American South. Our findings focus on organizational staff's relationships with information and communication technologies (ICTs), both in the course of their daily work of delivering care work to vulnerable participants, as well as the project's broader political goals to reduce recidivism and repair community relationships with local police. The group needed to distinguish and negotiate the various -and often competing- needs and commitments of the civic actors involved. As on-site researchers, we were asked to design and deploy digital tools to support the organization in exchange for conducting research on organizational uses of technology. This work draws from our time with the group to ask: how might community-based researchers revisit and realign our research methods to better respond to the changing needs and practices of a research site? Our observations identified three recurring technological concerns expressed by staff that pointed to competing agendas and needs within the organization, specifically across different levels of scale: operational, proximal, and temporal. We then discuss these patterns around broader organizational concerns to reflect on how they impacted our own research methods and commitments. Finally, we reflect on the limitations of participatory methods in issue-oriented organizations that do progressive work across multiple scales and agendas

Troubles du sommeil dans un modèle neuroendocrinien d’anxiété/dépression : stratégies de correction par des antidépresseurs monoaminergiques et innovants

Depressive disorders are definded by heterogeneous symptoms that include sleep disorders such as comorbid condition. Comorbidity of sleep disorders in depression is usually marked by a decrease in NREM sleep, increased REM sleep and sleep fragmentation, both in humans and within animal models of the disease. The first aim of this experimental work was to characterize sleep problems suspected in an animal model of adult mice rendered anxio/depressive by chronic administration of corticosterone. The results showed that chronic administration of corticosterone induced hypersomnia with increased NREM sleep, decreased REM sleep and led to fragmented sleep/wake states. The description of the sleep cycle of the CORT mouse model of anxiety/depression enriches the current classification by modeling atypical sleep disorders present in nearly 20% of the depressed subjects. The second aim was to correct these sleep disorders by chronic administration of classical (fluoxetine) and innovative (agomelatine) antidepressants. If each antidepressant molecules tested showed a beneficial effect towards drowsiness of CORT-treated mice, agomelatine has shown its superiority to prevent the inhibition of REM sleep induced by chronic corticosterone which was enhanced by chronic fluoxetine treatment.Les pathologies dépressives se définissent par des symptômes hétérogènes qui incluent les troubles du sommeil comme facteur de comorbidité. La comorbidité des troubles du sommeil dans la dépression est habituellement marquée d’une diminution de sommeil lent, d’une augmentation de sommeil paradoxal et d’une fragmentation du sommeil, tant chez l’Homme qu’au sein des modèles animaux de la pathologie.Le premier objectif de ce travail expérimental a été de caractériser les troubles du sommeil suspectés dans un modèle animal de souris adultes rendues anxio/dépressives par l’administration chronique de corticostérone. Les résultats obtenus ont montré qu’une administration chronique de corticostérone induit une hypersomnie avec augmentation de sommeil lent, une diminution du sommeil paradoxal et une fragmentation des états de veille et de sommeil. La description du sommeil du modèle de souris CORT enrichit la classification actuelle en modélisant des troubles du sommeil atypiques présents chez près de 20% des sujets dépressifs. Le second objectif a été de corriger ces troubles du sommeil par l’administration chronique d’antidépresseurs classique (fluoxétine) et innovant (agomélatine). Si chacune des molécules antidépressives testées a révélé un effet bénéfique vis-à-vis de la somnolence des souris CORT, l’agomélatine a montré sa supériorité pour prévenir l’inhibition du sommeil paradoxal induite par la corticostérone et accentuée par la fluoxétine

Une galerie d’art pour les sciences

Mise en place en 2003, la Galerie Industrie & Recherche de Cap Sciences, le centre de culture scientifique, technique et industrielle de Bordeaux Aquitaine a fait l’objet d’une rénovation durant l’année 2008 : un journaliste rend compte de cette transformation tandis que les principaux acteurs de l’opération apportent leurs témoignages sur les principes qui l’ont guidée

From One Crisis to the Other: History and Literature in The Crisis from 1910 to the Early 1920s

This essay investigates the role of literature and the links between literature, news-reporting, and history in the NAACP magazine The Crisis between 1910 and the early 1920s. We do not study literature per se and do not provide an analysis of the literary style, nor do we assess the literariness of the short stories and poems printed in the 1910s. Rather, we examine the place accorded literature in the Crisis and its role in relation to the rest of the magazine, from news commentary, political essays, and echoes of the African past, to illustrations and advertisements

Identification and characterization of DAMs mutations associated with early blooming in sweet cherry, and validation of DNA-based markers for selection

Dormancy release and bloom time of sweet cherry cultivars depend on the environment and the genotype. The knowledge of these traits is essential for cultivar adaptation to different growing areas, and to ensure fruit set in the current climate change scenario. In this work, the major sweet cherry bloom time QTL qP-BT1.1m (327 Kbs; Chromosome 1) was scanned for candidate genes in the Regina cv genome. Six MADS-box genes (PavDAMs), orthologs to peach and Japanese apricot DAMs, were identified as candidate genes for bloom time regulation. The complete curated genomic structure annotation of these genes is reported. To characterize PavDAMs intra-specific variation, genome sequences of cultivars with contrasting chilling requirements and bloom times (N = 13), were then mapped to the ‘Regina’ genome. A high protein sequence conservation (98.8–100%) was observed. A higher amino acid variability and several structural mutations were identified in the low-chilling and extra-early blooming cv Cristobalina. Specifically, a large deletion (694 bp) upstream of PavDAM1, and various INDELs and SNPs in contiguous PavDAM4 and -5 UTRs were identified. PavDAM1 upstream deletion in ‘Cristobalina’ revealed the absence of several cis-acting motifs, potentially involved in PavDAMs expression. Also, due to this deletion, a non-coding gene expressed in late-blooming ‘Regina’ seems truncated in ‘Cristobalina’. Additionally, PavDAM4 and -5 UTRs mutations revealed different splicing variants between ‘Regina’ and ‘Cristobalina’ PavDAM5. The results indicate that the regulation of PavDAMs expression and post-transcriptional regulation in ‘Cristobalina’ may be altered due to structural mutations in regulatory regions. Previous transcriptomic studies show differential expression of PavDAM genes during dormancy in this cultivar. The results indicate that ‘Cristobalina’ show significant amino acid differences, and structural mutations in PavDAMs, that correlate with low-chilling and early blooming, but the direct implication of these mutations remains to be determined. To complete the work, PCR markers designed for the detection of ‘Cristobalina’ structural mutations in PavDAMs, were validated in an F2 population and a set of cultivars. These PCR markers are useful for marker-assisted selection of early blooming seedlings, and probably low-chilling, from ‘Cristobalina’, which is a unique breeding source for these traits. © Copyright © 2021 Calle, Grimplet, Le Dantec and Wünsch

Relire William Julius Wilson. Repenser l’articulation entre « race » et classe

…le texte et le lecteur s’entremêlent, créant d’autres niveaux de sens, de sorte que, chaque fois que nous obtenons du texte qu’il nous cède quelque chose que nous ingérons, une autre chose naît simultanément en dessous, que nous n’avons pas encore saisie. C’est pourquoi – […] – aucune lecture ne peut être jamais définitive (Alberto Manguel, 1998 : 210) Par cette phrase, tirée de son essai intitulé Une histoire de la lecture, Alberto Manguel exprime bien l’idée que toute lecture évolue au fil..

Dissolved organic matter characterization in a large arctic river : origins and dynamic

Arctic regions are expected to be highly sensitive to climate change regarding the prediction of disproportionately large increases in surface temperatures and their related influence over the hydrological cycle and permafrost thaw. These modifications have the potential to impact biogeochemical cycles in these regions and in particular the mobilization of organic carbon into rivers. The most crucial period in arctic rivers hydrological cycle is the spring freshet that can account for most of the annual organic carbon transfers to the ocean in a very short window of time. The focus of this thesis was to monitor the dynamic of DOM in terms of quantity and quality along the hydrological cycle of the Yenisei river, through DOM characterization approaches to reveal seasonal variations in its composition, sources, age and degradation state. The first step was to make a review of the full range of existing DOM characterization approaches in worldwide river systems to identify the most widely used, the most relevant and reliable ones. Through the development of a DOM quality measurements database, we have been able to evaluate the geographical coverage of DOM characterization studies, to give estimates and ranges of values of the main reported DOM characterization variables and to observe global trends of DOM quality across latitudinal gradient. Second stage was to investigate DOC dynamic in the Yenisei river with regard to quantity and links with water chemistry and hydrology. We conducted sampling campaigns during three consecutive years (2014 to 2016), covering with a high sampling frequency the spring flood period to capture its very dynamic evolution. We reported DOC concentrations that followed the hydrograph with highest concentrations observed a few days before peak discharge. DOC concentration also responded to discharge variation (increase, likely due to higher precipitation) in early autumn. We reported average DOC flux over the three sampling years of about 4.53 Tg yr-1 which is within the range of values reported in the literature. We observed interannual variability with annual export estimates ranging from 5.45 Tg yr-1 in 2014 to 3.57 Tg yr-1 in 2016, likely driven by discharge amplitude. We confirmed the important role of spring freshet in DOC export with on average more than 65% occurring during this period (roughly May/June). Third point was to determine DOM quality combining characterization techniques. Combination of approaches helped to strengthen observations and cross validate interpretations. Most of the variables reported from the different characterization techniques confirmed one each other. The use of lignin biomarkers, optical properties and radiocarbon age of DOM allowed us to trace DOM main sources has primarily deriving from recently produced organic matter leached from boreal forest litter and top soil horizon during the spring flood and older organic matter derived from deeper soil horizons during low flow period