The Credit Support System in the Polish Agriculture. The Evaluation of 10 Years Performances

The aim of the paper is to evaluate the 10 years performance of the credit support system in the Polish agriculture. The analysis showed that during 10 years of the running the system about 10% of farms were its beneficiaries. The positive changes in agricultural sector took place but it is difficult to separate the credit assistance effects. The system has the advantageous influence on the creation of the sustainable financial system in the rural areas by helping cooperatives banks to overcome difficulties by generating stable farmers' credit demand.preferential credit, cooperative bank, credit market, Agricultural and Food Policy, Q14, Q18,

Macroeconomic determinants of agricultural preferential investment credit in Poland

In the paper the impact of macroeconomic determinants on the number and value of agricultural investment preferential credits in Poland is examined. This kinds of determinants are of an exogenous character and they cannot be controlled by individual farm. They are related to economic growth, price level changes, monetary policy, inflation, changes in foreign trade conditions. The econometric analysis showed that macroeconomic environment influenced farmers’ credit decisions at number and value of taken credits. The statistically significant variables in the case of these measures were the index of price relations of sold agricultural products to goods and services purchased by private farms (“price gap”), interest rate of central bank and real interest rate paid by farmers. Somewhat surprisingly, neither rate of GDP growth nor real effective exchange rate affected the scope of credits. In the case of GDP rate, the result can suggest that farmers expectations does not depend on current phase of business cycle. The reason of luck the influence of terms of foreign exchange can be explained partly by relatively low share of agricultural products in foreign trade turnover.preferential credit, farmers, macroeconomic determinants, Agricultural Finance,

Agriculture in the Face of Changing Markets, Institutions and Policies: Challenges and Strategies

Since the late 1980s, agriculture in Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) has been under considerable adjustment pressure due to changing political, economic and institutional environments. These changes have been linked to the transition process, as well as the ongoing integration into the European Union and the world market. Reduced subsidies, increased environmental and food quality demands, as well as structural changes in the supply, processing and food retailing sector call for major structural adjustments and the improvement of farmersâ managerial abilities. Though such changes always carry significant threats to farms, they also offer new opportunities for the farms' entrepreneurial engagement. Upcoming changes in the agricultural environment and their possible consequences for farm structures across Europe are thus still timely subjects. The objective of the IAMO Forum 2006 is to contribute to the success of agriculture in the CEECs, as well as their neighboring countries, in todayâs increasingly competitive environment. Concrete questions the conference focuses on are: What are the most suitable farm organizations, cooperative arrangements and contractual forms? How to improve efficiency and productivity? Where do market niches lie and what are the new product demands? This book contains 33 invited and selected contributions. These papers will be presented at the IAMO Forum 2006 in order to offer a platform for scientists, practitioners and policy-makers to discuss challenges and potential strategies at the farm, value chain, rural society and policy levels in order to cope with the upcoming challenges. IAMO Forum 2006, as well as this book, would not have been possible without the engagement of many people and institutions. We thank the authors of the submitted abstracts and papers, as well as the referees, for their evaluation of the abstracts from which the papers were selected. In particular, we would like to express our thanks to OLIVER JUNGKLAUS, GABRIELE MEWES, KLAUS REINSBERG and ANGELA SCHOLZ, who significantly contributed to the organization of the Forum. Furthermore, our thanks goes to SILKE SCHARF for her work on the layout and editing support of this book, and to JIM CURTISS, JAMIE BULLOCH, and DÃNALL Ã MEARÃIN for their English proof-reading. As experience from previous years documents, the course of the IAMO Forum continues to profit from the support and engagement of the IAMO administration, which we gratefully acknowledge. Last but not least, we are very grateful to the Robert Bosch Foundation, the Federal Ministry of Nutrition, Agriculture and Consumer Protection (BMELV), the German Research Foundation (DFG), the Haniel Foundation and the Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe (IAMO) for their respective financial support.Agribusiness, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Farm Management, Industrial Organization, International Development, Labor and Human Capital, Land Economics/Use, Productivity Analysis,

Women participation in local authorities management in rural areas in Poland

The aim of the paper is to evaluate the scope and determinants of women participation in basic local authorities in rural areas in Poland. In the paper the detailed analysis on the problem were carried out on 5% of women and 5% of men headed rural gminas. The analysis showed that the women participation in top positions in governing bodies of local communities in Poland is low. It indicates the existence of the severe problem with women promotion to the top positions in decision bodies in politics. The luck of differences in women role betwee rural and urban communities is a very interesting result. Gminas managed by women are rather smaller than gminas administered by men. In many gminas the position of women at the village level is higher than at gmina level. The findings suggest the connection between activity of women at village level and women position as mayor. Moreover, the investigation showed that in rural gminas women prevail in important back-office positions like main secretary of the gmina office and chief aaccountant. So, women are familiar with their gminas problems, are involved in management of them but they don’t apply for top positions. It seems that the concept of labyrinth can be applicable to the situation of women in decision making bodies in rural areas in Poland

The impact of the COVID19 pandemic on the credit market in Poland

Purpose: The paper aims to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the credit market in Poland. Design/Methodology/Approach: The evaluation of the outcomes of the pandemic on different segments of the credit market in Poland. Findings: The pandemic of COVID-19 had a significant impact on the credit market in Poland. The rise in risk in the economy due to pandemic restrictions on economic activity prompted commercial banks to tighten their lending standards and terms. Demand for credits was affected by the drop in investment and the negative future expectations of economic agents. The central bank eased its monetary policy considerably at the beginning of the pandemic, what with the parallel decrease in credit demand caused the gradual fall in interest rates. Although hugely lower interest rates, the value of credits financing activity of enterprises and households’ consumption remained below the 2019-year level. What is worth noting, except for the first months of the pandemic, the trends in the value of the new corporate and consumption credits were like trends in the previous year. In the period December 2019 to the end of January 2021, the debt of non-financial agents in total increased by approximately 0.9%. However, it stemmed only from the growth of debt from real estate credits. The debt due to the other credits decreased. The highest drop occurred in the micro-enterprise sector. Practical Implications: Assessment of the response of credit market participants, banks and borrowers in the main segments of the credit market to challenges the economy faces due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Originality/Value: To identify and evaluate the effects of the pandemic on the credit market in Poland, the analysis of monthly data was carried out.peer-reviewe

Macroeconomic determinants of agricultural preferential investment credit in Poland

In the paper the impact of macroeconomic determinants on the number and value of agricultural investment preferential credits in Poland is examined. This kinds of determinants are of an exogenous character and they cannot be controlled by individual farm. They are related to economic growth, price level changes, monetary policy, inflation, changes in foreign trade conditions. The econometric analysis showed that macroeconomic environment influenced farmers’ credit decisions at number and value of taken credits. The statistically significant variables in the case of these measures were the index of price relations of sold agricultural products to goods and services purchased by private farms (“price gap”), interest rate of central bank and real interest rate paid by farmers. Somewhat surprisingly, neither rate of GDP growth nor real effective exchange rate affected the scope of credits. In the case of GDP rate, the result can suggest that farmers expectations does not depend on current phase of business cycle. The reason of luck the influence of terms of foreign exchange can be explained partly by relatively low share of agricultural products in foreign trade turnover

The Credit Support System in the Polish Agriculture. The Evaluation of 10 Years Performances

The aim of the paper is to evaluate the 10 years performance of the credit support system in the Polish agriculture. The analysis showed that during 10 years of the running the system about 10% of farms were its beneficiaries. The positive changes in agricultural sector took place but it is difficult to separate the credit assistance effects. The system has the advantageous influence on the creation of the sustainable financial system in the rural areas by helping cooperatives banks to overcome difficulties by generating stable farmers' credit demand

Sustainable rural development: What is the role of the agri-food sector?

This volume of proceedings, available both as hard copy and pdf, is an edited compilation of selected contributions to the IAMO Forum 2007, which will be held in Halle (Saale), Germany, at the Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe from 27 to 29 June 2007. We would like to thank all those persons and organisations who contributed to the realisation of the IAMO Forum 2007 and the volume in hand. First of all, we thank all lecturers, whose commitment and papers made both the conference and the publication possible. Furthermore, we appreciate the financial support provided by the Federal Ministry of, Food, Agriculture, and Consumer Protection and the Federal State of Saxony-Anhalt. The conference would not be successful without the active engagement of such a large number of colleagues from IAMO, that we cannot mention them here. We wish to express our deepest gratitude to all of them. For improving the book languagewise and supporting us in its technical production our thanks go to JAMES CURTISS and SILKE SCHARF

Agriculture in the Face of Changing Markets, Institutions and Policies: Challenges and Strategies

Since the late 1980s, agriculture in Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) has been under considerable adjustment pressure due to changing political, economic and institutional environments. These changes have been linked to the transition process, as well as the ongoing integration into the European Union and the world market. Reduced subsidies, increased environmental and food quality demands, as well as structural changes in the supply, processing and food retailing sector call for major structural adjustments and the improvement of farmers’ managerial abilities. Though such changes always carry significant threats to farms, they also offer new opportunities for the farms' entrepreneurial engagement. Upcoming changes in the agricultural environment and their possible consequences for farm structures across Europe are thus still timely subjects. The objective of the IAMO Forum 2006 is to contribute to the success of agriculture in the CEECs, as well as their neighboring countries, in today’s increasingly competitive environment. Concrete questions the conference focuses on are: What are the most suitable farm organizations, cooperative arrangements and contractual forms? How to improve efficiency and productivity? Where do market niches lie and what are the new product demands? This book contains 33 invited and selected contributions. These papers will be presented at the IAMO Forum 2006 in order to offer a platform for scientists, practitioners and policy-makers to discuss challenges and potential strategies at the farm, value chain, rural society and policy levels in order to cope with the upcoming challenges. IAMO Forum 2006, as well as this book, would not have been possible without the engagement of many people and institutions. We thank the authors of the submitted abstracts and papers, as well as the referees, for their evaluation of the abstracts from which the papers were selected. In particular, we would like to express our thanks to OLIVER JUNGKLAUS, GABRIELE MEWES, KLAUS REINSBERG and ANGELA SCHOLZ, who significantly contributed to the organization of the Forum. Furthermore, our thanks goes to SILKE SCHARF for her work on the layout and editing support of this book, and to JIM CURTISS, JAMIE BULLOCH, and DÓNALL Ó MEARÁIN for their English proof-reading. As experience from previous years documents, the course of the IAMO Forum continues to profit from the support and engagement of the IAMO administration, which we gratefully acknowledge. Last but not least, we are very grateful to the Robert Bosch Foundation, the Federal Ministry of Nutrition, Agriculture and Consumer Protection (BMELV), the German Research Foundation (DFG), the Haniel Foundation and the Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe (IAMO) for their respective financial support