The nature of elastoplastic transition in low-carbon steel samples with and without welds

This paper describes the influence of a weld on elastoplastic transition in low-carbon steels. Depending on the level of internal stresses in the zone of the weld, the formation of Chernov-Lüders bands can occur either exactly in the weld or near it. In the second case, the influence of the weld is detected only when the front of the Chernov-Lüders band reaches it. In both cases, the features of kinetics for the fronts of the Chernov-Lüders bands are caused by the structural and phase inhomogeneity of a heat-affected zone and deposited metal

IMPROVEMENT OF ORGANOLEPTIC INDICATORS OF CHEESE PRODUCTS BY CORRECTING FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF FAT PHASE

The aim of the study was to establish the possibility of improving the organoleptic characteristics of cheese products by introducing butyric acid into the composition of the used vegetable fat composition. Cheese products made using two fat compositions consisting of refined, deodorized vegetable fats, including those modified by interesterification, were studied. The experimental fat composition contained in its composition additional butyric acid added to the composition of triglycerides. The study of cheese products was carried out in the process of ripening and storage for 120 days in comparison with cheese, the fat phase of which is represented by milk fat. It was found that the degree of proteolysis, estimated by the ratio of total water-soluble nitrogen to total nitrogen, does not depend on the nature of the fat in the protein matrix. Milk fat in cheeses is more subjected to lipolysis than vegetable fats in cheese products. The addition of butyric acid to the vegetable composition in an amount of 0.8% increased the acidity of the fat phase by 0.1 mmol/100 g. According to the assessment of organoleptic characteristics, cheese with milk fat had the most pronounced cheese flavor and aroma, cheese product without butyric acid in fat phase had the least pronounced ones. A cheese product with a fat composition containing added butyric acid was close to cheese with milk fat in terms of the severity of cheese taste, rheological characteristics and the spectrum of volatile flavoring substances. It is concluded that the taste and aroma of cheese products have a positive effect on adjusting the fatty acid composition of vegetable fat compositions by introducing butyric acid into their composition.The aim of the study was to establish the possibility of improving the organoleptic characteristics of cheese products by introducing butyric acid into the composition of the used vegetable fat composition. Cheese products made using two fat compositions consisting of refined, deodorized vegetable fats, including those modified by interesterification, were studied. The experimental fat composition contained in its composition additional butyric acid added to the composition of triglycerides. The study of cheese products was carried out in the process of ripening and storage for 120 days in comparison with cheese, the fat phase of which is represented by milk fat. It was found that the degree of proteolysis, estimated by the ratio of total water-soluble nitrogen to total nitrogen, does not depend on the nature of the fat in the protein matrix. Milk fat in cheeses is more subjected to lipolysis than vegetable fats in cheese products. The addition of butyric acid to the vegetable composition in an amount of 0.8% increased the acidity of the fat phase by 0.1 mmol/100 g. According to the assessment of organoleptic characteristics, cheese with milk fat had the most pronounced cheese flavor and aroma, cheese product without butyric acid in fat phase had the least pronounced ones. A cheese product with a fat composition containing added butyric acid was close to cheese with milk fat in terms of the severity of cheese taste, rheological characteristics and the spectrum of volatile flavoring substances. It is concluded that the taste and aroma of cheese products have a positive effect on adjusting the fatty acid composition of vegetable fat compositions by introducing butyric acid into their composition

Spectroscopic studies of fractal aggregates of silver nanospheres undergoing local restructuring

We present an experimental spectroscopic study of large random colloidal aggregates of silver nanoparticles undergoing local restructuring. We argue that such well-known phenomena as strong fluctuation of local electromagnetic fields, appearance of "hot spots" and enhancement of nonlinear optical responses depend on the local structure on the scales of several nanosphere diameters, rather that the large-scale fractal geometry of the sample.Comment: 3.5 pages, submitted to J. Chem. Phy

Risk factors for external genital endometriosis

One of the most common forms of violation of the reproductive system of a woman is endometriosis. It is assumed that the genetic predisposition and environmental factors are closely related to the development of endometriosis. However, despite the high prevalence of endometriosis among women of reproductive age, the risk factors or markers for the development of the disease remain largely unknown. The aim of the study was to identify risk factors for external genital endometriosis. Materials and methods. Study design: retrospective case-control. The study included 154 women. Group I included 77 women with histologically verified external genital endometriosis. Group II consisted of 77 women without endometriosis, who underwent endoscopic surgery due to various diseases of the pelvic organs. Results. The results of the study showed that the most significant risk factors for endometriosis are the early onset of menarche (< 11 years), a shortened menstrual cycle with prolonged menstruation, active and passive smoking, the presence of furnace heating and uterine fibroids, a family history of breast cancer. Typical complaints of patients with endometriosis are pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia. Conclusions. Further studies are needed to study the significance of these factors in the diagnosis of endometriosis and the understanding of its etiology

Local anisotropy and giant enhancement of local electromagnetic fields in fractal aggregates of metal nanoparticles

We have shown within the quasistatic approximation that the giant fluctuations of local electromagnetic field in random fractal aggregates of silver nanospheres are strongly correlated with a local anisotropy factor S which is defined in this paper. The latter is a purely geometrical parameter which characterizes the deviation of local environment of a given nanosphere in an aggregate from spherical symmetry. Therefore, it is possible to predict the sites with anomalously large local fields in an aggregate without explicitly solving the electromagnetic problem. We have also demonstrated that the average (over nanospheres) value of S does not depend noticeably on the fractal dimension D, except when D approaches the trivial limit D=3. In this case, as one can expect, the average local environment becomes spherically symmetrical and S approaches zero. This corresponds to the well-known fact that in trivial aggregates fluctuations of local electromagnetic fields are much weaker than in fractal aggregates. Thus, we find that, within the quasistatics, the large-scale geometry does not have a significant impact on local electromagnetic responses in nanoaggregates in a wide range of fractal dimensions. However, this prediction is expected to be not correct in aggregates which are sufficiently large for the intermediate- and radiation-zone interaction of individual nanospheres to become important.Comment: 9 pages 9 figures. No revisions from previous version; only figure layout is change

Анализ эффективности амплитудного подавления синусоидальных помех

The problem of the performance analysis of non-Gaussian amplitude suppression with distribution of envelope is considered. The asymptotic values of the characteristics are investigated. The efficiency of simplified processing of envelope of accepted oscillations is determined. The analysis of amplitude suppression of sinusoidal hindrance with harmonic vibration with free angle modulation is conducted. The influence of hindrance with radio- and video-frequency spectrum is considered separately. The situation when the spectrum of signal and the spectrum of hindrance are commensurable numbers is analyzed. The asymptotic analysis of characteristics of amplitude suppression efficiency which corresponds to the infinitely large value of the parameter of the non-Gaussian hindrance distribution is presented. The efficiency of applying of simplified processing of envelope of accepted oscillation is analyzed.Рассмотрен анализ эффективности подавления негауссовской помехи с райсовским распределением огибающей. Исследованы асимптотические значения найденных характеристик. Определена эффективность упрощенной обработки огибающей принятого колебания. Выполнен анализ эффективности амплитудного подавления (АП) синусоидальной помехи, содержащей в своем составе гармоническое колебание с произвольной угловой модуляцией. Отдельно рассмотрено помеховое воздействие с радио- и видеочастотными спектрами, а также проанализирована ситуация, когда спектр помехи соизмерим со спектром сигнала. Приведен асимптотический анализ характеристик эффективности АП, соответствующих бесконечно большому значению параметра распределения негауссовской помехи. Проанализирована эффективность применения упрощенной обработки огибающей принятого колебания

Связь распределения огибающей квазигармонического случайного процесса с порождающим двумерным распределением

The method of modeling of stationary stochastic process with given two-dimensional distribution is considered. The using of modeling of quasi-deterministic harmonic oscillation with given parameters underlies. By the instrumentality of modification the connection of characteristic function with given two-dimensional distribution is determined.Рассмотрена методика моделирования стационарного случайного процесса с заданным двухмерным распределением. В основе моделирования лежит использование квазидетерминированного гармонического колебания с заданными параметрами. Модификацией указанного колебания установлена связь характеристической функции модели с заданным двумерным распределением

Нелинейный преобразователь со стабилизацией дисперсии для подавления негауссовских помех

The problem of approximation of nonlinear characteristic of weak signal detection in the form of polynomial function connected with integral distribution law is considered. The variance of this approximation does not depend on the kind and the parameters of the input non-Gaussian distribution. The article provides benchmarking of applying of polynomial function in case of sinusoidal noise when the noise is the sum of harmonic vibrancy and Gaussian noise. The noises with different spectral characteristics are analyzed. With radiofrequency noise spectrum the efficiency of the applied transformer may grow to considerably high values at the current stabilizing characteristics.Рассмотрена аппроксимация нелинейной характеристики обнаружителя слабых сигналов, заданной обобщенным полиномом по степеням функции, связанной с интегральным законом распределения действующей помехи. Показано, что полученная аппроксимация обеспечивает дисперсию выходного процесса, не зависящую от вида и параметров негауссовского распределения входной помехи

Dynamics of cellular immunity indicators in the complex treatment of acute optic neuritis

An increase in the incidence of optic neuritis among the working-age population, as well as an unpromising prognosis for vision due to the development of optic nerve atrophy, determines the high social significance of this problem. The aim of the work is to analyze the effect of Imunofan at the parameters of cellular immunity and clinical symptoms of the disease in the complex treatment of optic neuritis associated with herpes virus infection. The study involved 37 people (37 eyes) with acute optic neuritis associated with herpes infection. The treatment regimen included the appointment of a dexamethasone solution according to a decreasing scheme, a 1% solution of the drug Emoxipin 0.5 mL and a 12.5% solution of the drug Dicynone 0.5 mL through an irrigation system implanted in the retrobulbar space, in combination with the neuroprotection drugs (Pikamilon and Semax) for 10 days. All patients were divided into 2 groups. The main group consisted of 20 patients who received Imunofan to the treatment regimen in addition. The comparison group included 17 patients who were treated only according to the method described above. The course of treatment lasted 10 days. The analysis of the data showed a more significant positive dynamics of cellular immunity parameters in those who received immunotherapy. Our studies showed the effectiveness of this drug in the complex treatment of optic neuritis associated with herpes infection, what is confirmed by the acceleration of inflammation relief, a more significant increase in visual functions of patients treated with Imunofan, and a lower percentage of optic nerve atrophy. In this group of patients, changes in the parameters of the cellular link of immunity occurred earlier and remained stable throughout the entire period of observation. According to our data, an intergroup assessment of the immunoregulatory index showed its faster increase in patients of the comparison group who received Imunofan, and reached normal values already 6 months after treatment. The clinical effectiveness of Imunofan in the complex therapy of optic neuritis associated with herpes infection was characterized by a reduction in the period of relief of signs of inflammation in the optic nerve by 2 times or more, by an increase in the maximum corrected visual acuity by 4.5 times, and by a decrease in the incidence of recurrence of optic neuritis by 2 times over a 12 months observation period

Effects of 1,3,4-thiadiazine compound with antidepressant properties in ligation model of acute pancreatitis

Based on hypotheses concerning the role of stress in acute pancreatitis development, the experimental approach for the decrease stress damage via the use the compound with proven antistress/neuroleptic action was conducted. The study was aimed to discover 2-morpholino-5-phenyl-6H-1,3,4-thiadiazine hydrobromide (compound L-17) therapeutic action in experimental acute pancreatitis. The experimental model used was the ligation model. The trial was carried out on 50 male Wistar rats with average body weight 180-240g. Histological picture of the pancreas was studied and biochemical and enzyme-immunoassays were carried out on the first and seventh days. The significant reduction in mortality on the background of L-17 compound administration was observed. While levels of all cytokines increased in induced experimental acute pancreatitis groups, the cytokine level rise was decreased when compound L-17 was administered. On the cellular level, the study revealed L-17’s ability to prevent granulocytosis and decrease granulocytes infiltration to inflammatory foci. The decrease in inflammatory reaction magnitude and prevention of abscess formation in experimental acute pancreatitis accompanied by sistemic inflamamtion was due to L-17’s ability to reduce neutrophilia and neutrophil entry into the injury zone. © 2018, Slovak Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.Government Council on Grants, Russian FederationMinistry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Minobrnauka: 17.7255.2017/8.9AAAA-A18-118020690020-1Funding information. Partly the study was supported by the Act 211 of the Government of Russian Federation, contract No 02.A03.21.0006; Government contract of Russian Federation with Institute of Immunology and Physiology (AAAA-A18-118020690020-1) and the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (# 17.7255.2017/8.9)