Bosnische, kroatische und serbische Translationen am deutschsprachigen Buchmarkt nach 2000

Der Krieg im ehemaligen Jugoslawien in den 90ern stellte einen entscheidenden Impuls dar, um nach passiven Phasen das Interesse an der südslawischen Literatur wieder zu wecken und sie am literarischen Markt zu positionieren. Dabei bediente man sich vor allem in den Medien der Reproduktion alter und der Schaffung neuer stereotyper Bilder des Balkans, die ein kriegerisches, chaotisches und instabiles Ex-Jugoslawien konstruierten. Mit dieser Etikette versehen, ließen sich in den 90ern mit Übersetzungen, die den Krieg und die Kriegsfolgen thematisierten, überraschend hohe Verkaufszahlen erzielen. Daraus ergab sich die Forschungsfrage, ob die Akteure im literarischen Feld fast 20 Jahre nach Kriegsbeginn noch immer dieses Bild in den Vordergrund stellen, um die Aufmerksamkeit des Zielpublikums im deutschsprachigen Raum auf sich zu ziehen. Folgt man Bourdieus Feldtheorie, so ist den agierenden Akteuren im literarischen Feld, wie Verlegern, Kritikern und Übersetzern, nicht nur die Akkumulierung des symbolischen Kapitals wichtig, sondern in weiterer Folge auch dessen Umwandlung in soziales und ökonomisches Kapital. Dabei wenden sie verschiedene Strategien und Methoden an, um ein Werk am literarischen Markt gut positionieren zu können und um an die Kaufkraft der Leser zu appellieren. Somit sind sie maßgeblich an der Selektion, Produktion, Distribution und an der Rezeption eines Buches beteiligt.The war in former Yugoslavia was an impulse after rather passive periods to spark interest in southern Slavic literature and to position it in the literary market. This was attempted, predominantly in the media, through reproducing old and generating new stereotypical images of a martial, chaotic and unstable former Yugoslavia. With this label, translations of works about the war and its effect sold well. As a result, the research question came up whether the players involved in the field of literature still perpetuate this image to attract attention from the German speaking audience, even 20 years after the war began. Following Bourdieus field theory, the actors in the field of literature, like publishers, critics and translators are not only interested in the accumulation of symbolic capital but also in its transformation into social and economic capital. While doing so they apply different strategies and methods to position a work well in the literary market and to appeal to the readers buying power. Thus they are instrumental in the selection, production, distribution and reception of a book

Moisture and gamma-ray irradiation effects on the mechanical properties of carbon fibre-reinforced plastics

The effects of gamma-irradiation and moisture absorption on the mechanical properties of carbon fibres-epoxy resin composites were studied. The properties dominated by the matrix and fibre-matrix interface (interlaminar and in-plane shear strength) were measured at room temperature using standard tests. These tests were carried out before and after exposures to gamma irradiation and before and after immersion in water at 80 degrees C during 21 days. The dosage of gamma irradiation was up to 11.7 MGy. The micrographs of surfaces fractured in performed tests were observed on a scanning electron microscope. They were analyzed with consulting the stated effects on mechanical properties and the measured values of the glass transition temperature of tested coupons before and after irradiation and immersion in water. The obtained results show that moisture and irradiation, if they act one after the other, have a significant influence on the degradation of matrix-dominated mechanical properties of the tested carbon-epoxy composite

The effect of cytoplasmatic male sterility on yield and yield components of maize inbred lines

Initial studies related to cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) were performed by Rhoeds in 1931. CMS is used in maize to enhance efficiency of seed production with simultaneous cost redaction. The majority of studies showed positive effects of CMS on maize grain yield. Grain yields recorded male sterile plants were higher by 5-10% than the ones in female fertile plants. Seven maize inbred lines of different origin and growing season were analysed. Each inbred was analysed in five variants: original inbred (N), CMS-C, RfC, CMS-S and RfS. The aim of this study was to compare grain yields and yield components of original inbreds and their CMS and Rf variants. The highest yields of observed inbreds (5.303 and 5.197 t/ha) were recorded in those with C and S cytoplasm, respectively. According to the LSD test, at significance levels of 0.05 and 0.01, the longest ears of 15.57, 15.56 and 15.46 cm were detected in inbreds with original, S and C cytoplasm, respectively. The highest kernel row number (12.98) at both significance levels was established in inbreds with C cytoplasm. The highest number of kernels per row (33.92) at both levels of significance was recorded in inbreds with S cytoplasm. The greatest kernel depth (0.8212 and 0.8196 cm) at both significance levels was established in inbreds with C and S cytoplasm, respectively. The greatest 1000-kernel weight at both levels of significance was detected in inbreds with normal cytoplasm. The highest number of kernels per m2 (2716 and 2676) was recorded in inbreds with C and S cytoplasm, respectively

HYPERLIPIDEMIA IN ACUTE PANCREATITIS: CONCOMITANT DISORDER OR A CAUSE?

Acute pancreatitis is a common condition with alcohol and gallstones being the most frequent etiologies. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of hyperlipidemia, its etiopathogenetic role and influence on outcomes in patients with acute pancreatitis.The study included 47 patients admitted to our clinic for acute pancreatitis during one year period. On admission patients with hyperlipidemia were compared to those without it, regarding following parameters: body mass index, Glasgow score, organ failure occurrence, local complications occurrence (pancreatic necrosis, pseudocyst, abscess, jaundice, gastric outlet syndrome), intensive care unit stay and death. The results of the study revealed high incidence of hyperlipidemia in 51% of examined acute pancreatitis patients with the prevalence of severe forms in more than half of these patients. Dominant lipid disorder was hypertriglyceridemia, followed by hypercholesterolemia. It was clearly demonstrated that patients with hyperlipidemia, especially hypertriglyceridemia, had more severe acute pancreatitis, higher incidence of complications and poorer outcome compared to normolipemic patients. Hyperlipidemia in patients with acute pancreatitis should be considered and treated by a clinician as a separate serious problem, both when being a cause and a concomitant disorder. Hypolipidemic therapy should be administered both in urgent acute pancreatitis settings and as a long-term treatment aimed to prevent inflammation recurrence by successful persistent serum lipid levels control.Key words: Hyperlipidemia, acute pancreatitis

Apigenin-7-O-glucoside versus apigenin

Bioactive potential of apigenin derivative apigenin-7-O-glucoside related to its antifungal activity on Candida spp. and cytotoxic effect on colon cancer cells was studied and compared with bioactive potential of apigenin. Antifungal activity was tested on 14 different isolates of Candida spp. using membrane permeability assay, measuring inhibition of reactive oxidative species and inhibition of CYP51 C. albicans enzyme. Cytotoxic potential of apigenin-7-O-glucoside was tested on colon cancer HCT116 cells by measuring cell viability, apoptosis rate and apoptosis- and colon cancer-related gene expression. Obtained results indicated considerable antifungal activity of apigenin-7-O-glucoside towards all Candida isolates. Breakdown of C. albicans plasma membrane was achieved upon treatment with apigenin-7-O-glucoside for shorter period of time then with apigenin. Reduction of intra- and extracellular reactive oxidative species was achieved with minimum inhibitory concentrations of both compounds, suggesting that reactive oxidative species inhibition could be a mechanism of antifungal action. None of the compounds exhibited binding affinity to C. albicans CYP51 protein. Besides, apigenin-7-O-glucoside was more effective compared to apigenin in reduction of cell’s viability and induction of cell death of HCT116 cells. Treatment with both compounds resulted in chromatin condensation, apoptotic bodies formation and apoptotic genes expression in HCT116 cells, but the apigenin-7-O-glucoside required a lower concentration to achieve the same effect. Compounds apigenin-7-O-glucoside and apigenin displayed prominent antifungal potential and cytotoxic effect on HCT116 cells. However, our results showed that apigenin-7-O-glucoside has more potent activity compared to apigenin in all assays that we used

Mechanical and failure bahaviour in carbon/epoxy composites

A review of the mechanical properties and failure initiation and propagation in carbon/epoxy composites is presented. The results of the study of the macromechanical static characteristics, non-linear elastic behavior flexural modulus and shear properties of unidirectional composites (UDC), as well as, of tensile, compression and flexural moduli, strength analysis edge and hybrid effects in multidirectional composites (MDC) were discussed A discussion of the non-linear elastic behavior of carbon/epoxy UDC, the flexural moduli of both UDC and MDC, strength analysis and edge effects of laminates is emphasized

Effects of gamma irradiation and post-irradiation annealing on carbon/epoxy UDC properties deduced by methods of local loading

Hardness and Youngs modulus of the matrix and fibers in carbon/epoxy gamma irradiated and annealed composites were investigated using nanoindentation technique. The Vickers microhardness of the tested composites after irradiation and annealing was studied, as well. Gamma irradiation to various doses (5-27 MGy) of UDC plates, were followed by thermal treatments of irradiated coupons at 180 and 250 degrees C, in vacuum. The measured changes of nano and micro properties were correlated to glass transition temperatures, as well as the delamination toughness changes, determined earlier on the same material. The established irradiation and annealing effects on nanoindentation properties and Vickers mocrohardness were analyzed as a function of the matrix plasticity change. An attempt was made to assess the contribution of chain scission mechanism and the change in plasticity mechanism on the property changes from irradiation and subsequent thermal treatments. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Carbon fiber composites, main engineering elastic constants and macromechanical characterization

Unidirectional epoxy matrix composite with carbon fibers was cured by hot pressing the commercial prepreg Hexcel M39 in a mold. Macromechanical characteristics of tested coupons with different fiber content and density, were determined by standard tensile, flexure, interlaminar shear strength, and in-plane shear strength tests. The results obtained from different mechanical tests have been correlated, and have been compared with literature data. The reliability of the results for mechanical properties of tested composites as constructional material have been evaluated

Importance and Characteristics of Lobbying in the European Union

This paper presents the process and characteristics of modern lobbying as bargaining in order to reach the desired decision. Lobbying is as old as the human desire for power. In modern conditions of life lobby is free to be said, has become industry. Lobbying is now a legitimate part of any democratic society. Due to guided, and methods of the process, lobbying, often resulting in relation to corruption. For this reason, many of the modern state are lobbying placed under the legal system of their institutions

Generation of a whole chromosome painting probe from monochromosomal hybrid cells by the alu-polymerase chain reaction

Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) has become a widespread technique applicable in basic science and diagnostics. Chromosome painting represents a special application of FISH that has found increasing use in identification of complex chromosome rearrangements. Here we present a version of the Alu-PCR method modified to generate a whole chromosome painting probe (WCP) for human chromosome 19 using monochromosomal cell hybrids. In setting up conditions for this method, we established a cheap and fast approach to generation of WCPs for other human chromosomes that could be particularly useful for unambiguous identification of complex chromosomal rearrangements associated with cancer.