Electromyographic Activity of Hamstrings and Quadriceps Muscle During Jumping and Landing: Pilot Study

Background and Purpose. The purpose of this pilot study was to see if there was a difference in the amount of electromyographic (EMG) activity in the quadriceps (vastus medialis and vastus lateralis) compared to the amount of EMG activity in the hamstrings (biceps femoris and semitendinosus) muscles in active male and female subjects during vertical jumping and landing. In addition, we looked at the amount of knee flexion that occurred shortly after landing from a vertical jump. Methods. EMG activity was recorded using a Noraxont TeleMyo DTS telemetry unit with a sampling rate of 1 kHz. EMG data was recorded during vertical jumping and landing. EMG activity in the quadriceps muscle and hamstring muscles were monitored during the experiment. The subject was also captured on video using the NiNox 125/250 FPS camera system. Subjects consisted of four male and six female athletes in good physical condition with no previous knee pathologies. Results. Differences were found in the quadriceps to hamstrings ratio when comparing female to male participants in both single jump (Female 4.31:1, Male 2.41:1) and triple jump landing (Female 3.56:1, Male 2.0:1). Females generally showed higher percent of maximal voluntary contraction in the quadriceps than the males when compared for both jumps. The amount of knee flexion upon landing were similar between genders in both the single and triple jump/landing test. Conclusion. The results of this study showed quadriceps dominance in females as compared to males when landing from a jump. Previous studies have theorized that this level of dominance creates tensile force on the AGL, leading to increased incidence of AGL tears. Strength training focused on hamstring activation with a proper quadriceps to hamstrings ratio should be implemented when preventing AGL injuries especially in the female population. Further research is needed to confirm these conclusions and demonstrate clinical relevance

Blood transfusion in patients treated with surgery for necrotizing enterocolitis

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/110529/1/pan12485.pd

Tidal flat deposits of the Lower Proterozoic Campbell Group along the southwestern margin of the Kaapvaal Craton, Northern Cape Province, South Africa

Lower Proterozoic stromatolites and associated clastic carbonate deposits of the Campbell Group, from the southern margin (Prieska area) of the Kaapvaal Craton, northern Cape Province, are described. Contrary to previous interpretations (Beukes, 1978; 1980a) shallow subtidal to supratidal facies are recognised and discussed in regional context. An alternative model for the facies development of the Campbell Group is proposed

Linear Collider Physics Resource Book for Snowmass 2001, 3: Studies of Exotic and Standard Model Physics

This Resource Book reviews the physics opportunities of a next-generation e+e- linear collider and discusses options for the experimental program. Part 3 reviews the possible experiments on that can be done at a linear collider on strongly coupled electroweak symmetry breaking, exotic particles, and extra dimensions, and on the top quark, QCD, and two-photon physics. It also discusses the improved precision electroweak measurements that this collider will make available.This Resource Book reviews the physics opportunities of a next-generation e+e- linear collider and discusses options for the experimental program. Part 3 reviews the possible experiments on that can be done at a linear collider on strongly coupled electroweak symmetry breaking, exotic particles, and extra dimensions, and on the top quark, QCD, and two-photon physics. It also discusses the improved precision electroweak measurements that this collider will make available

Central-City/Suburban Inequality and Metropolitan Political Fragmentation

To test the proposition that metropolitan governmental structure has social, economic, and racial consequences, the authors assume that the proliferation of local governments in a metropolitan area and the boundary constraints imposed on the central city have adverse effects, especially on the core city. Analyzing 97 large U.S. metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs), they found only limited support for this proposition. Of three measures of fragmentation, only two were of any consequence, one in the opposite direction predicted. The lower the central city’s share of MSA population, the higher the level of fiscal health for the inner city. Also, municipal boundaries have racial consequences.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline

Vaccine breakthrough hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia in patients with auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs

Life-threatening `breakthrough' cases of critical COVID-19 are attributed to poor or waning antibody response to the SARS- CoV-2 vaccine in individuals already at risk. Pre-existing autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing type I IFNs underlie at least 15% of critical COVID-19 pneumonia cases in unvaccinated individuals; however, their contribution to hypoxemic breakthrough cases in vaccinated people remains unknown. Here, we studied a cohort of 48 individuals ( age 20-86 years) who received 2 doses of an mRNA vaccine and developed a breakthrough infection with hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia 2 weeks to 4 months later. Antibody levels to the vaccine, neutralization of the virus, and auto- Abs to type I IFNs were measured in the plasma. Forty-two individuals had no known deficiency of B cell immunity and a normal antibody response to the vaccine. Among them, ten (24%) had auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs (aged 43-86 years). Eight of these ten patients had auto-Abs neutralizing both IFN-a2 and IFN-., while two neutralized IFN-omega only. No patient neutralized IFN-ss. Seven neutralized 10 ng/mL of type I IFNs, and three 100 pg/mL only. Seven patients neutralized SARS-CoV-2 D614G and the Delta variant (B.1.617.2) efficiently, while one patient neutralized Delta slightly less efficiently. Two of the three patients neutralizing only 100 pg/mL of type I IFNs neutralized both D61G and Delta less efficiently. Despite two mRNA vaccine inoculations and the presence of circulating antibodies capable of neutralizing SARS-CoV-2, auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs may underlie a significant proportion of hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia cases, highlighting the importance of this particularly vulnerable population

NI 3D7S

This dataset contains all nontransitive identities for 3 dice with 7 sides. The list has been broken down into several parts with all but the last part containing 50,000,000 NI each. 764,876,669 NI are included in this dataset

Nontransitive Identities

Nontransitive Identities for: 3 dice with 3 sides each, 3 dice with 4 sides each, 3 dice with 5 sides each, 3 dice with 6 sides each, 5 dice with 3 sides each, 7 dice with 3 sides each (with no steps in the win chain) and 7 dice with 3 sides each (with 1 step in the final win chain). Please see the arXiv preprint for more information