76 research outputs found
Uncoupling Protein 3: Its Possible Biological Role and Mode of Regulation in Rodents and Humans
The recently discovered uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) is highly homologous to the mitochondrialinner membrane protein UCP1, which generates heat by uncoupling the respiratory chainfrom oxidative phosphorylation. The thermogenic function of UCP1 protects against cold andregulates the energy balance in rodents. We review in vitro studies investigating the uncouplingactivity of UCP3 and in vivo studies, which address UCP3 gene expression in brown adiposetissue and skeletal muscle under various metabolic conditions. The data presented are, for themost, consistent with an uncoupling role for UCP3 in regulatory thermogenesis. We alsodiscuss mediators of UCP3 regulation and propose a potential role for intracellular fatty acidsin the mechanism of UCP3 modulation. Finally, we hypothesize a role for UCP3 in themetabolic adaptation of the mitochondria to the degradation of fatty acid
A new tool for quantifying the hydrological effects of LID retrofit designs – the power of simplicity
Downscaling future precipitation extremes to urban hydrology scales using a spatio-temporal Neyman–Scott weather generator
Spatio-temporal precipitation is modelled for urban application at 1 h
temporal resolution on a 2 km grid using a spatio-temporal Neyman–Scott rectangular pulses weather generator (WG). Precipitation time series used as
input to the WG are obtained from a network of 60 tipping-bucket rain gauges
irregularly placed in a 40 km  ×  60 km model domain. The WG simulates
precipitation time series that are comparable to the observations with
respect to extreme precipitation statistics. The WG is used for downscaling
climate change signals from regional climate models (RCMs) with spatial
resolutions of 25 and 8 km, respectively. Six different RCM simulation
pairs are used to perturb the WG with climate change signals resulting in
six very different perturbation schemes. All perturbed WGs result in more
extreme precipitation at the sub-daily to multi-daily level and these
extremes exhibit a much more realistic spatial pattern than what is observed
in RCM precipitation output. The WG seems to correlate increased extreme
intensities with an increased spatial extent of the extremes meaning that
the climate-change-perturbed extremes have a larger spatial extent than
those of the present climate. Overall, the WG produces robust results and is
seen as a reliable procedure for downscaling RCM precipitation output for
use in urban hydrology
Efficiency of stormwater control measures for combined sewer retrofitting under varying rain conditions: Quantifying the Three Points Approach (3PA)
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