On writing syllabaries: Three episodes of transfer

published or submitted for publicationis peer reviewe

An ex vivo comparison of the tensile strengthening properties of protein derivatives on damaged hair

Conventional conditioning agents, cationic surfactants and polymers, are often limited in their ability to repair and strengthen the hair fibre, while protein-derived actives have been found to enhance the tensile strength of damaged hair. This study investigates the effects of keratin, wheat and collagen hydrolysates on the tensile strength of three types of damaged hair: bleached, permed and thermally treated

Effects of co-surfactant and conditioning agent on colour

The colour-fading of hair treated with oxidative dyes is attributed to the effects of ultraviolet light and other environmental factors, but mostly it occurs during shampooing. This effect is caused by the diffusion of chromaphores from within the cortex towards the cuticle surface. The colour fading of dyed hair during shampoo washing is determined by a range of factors, most significantly by the chemistry of the chromaphores, the porosity of the hair fibres, and the properties of the used surfactants. Optimising the cleansing efficacy of shampoos in relation to colour protection claims is of interest to formulators. This study investigates the effects of two co-surfactants and a range of conditioning additives, polycationic and silicone-based, on the colour fading of hair tresses treated with red oxidative hair dye and put through repeated wash-and-dry cycles. The results indicate that the choice of co-surfactant alone, and in combination with the conditioning additives, can significantly influence the colour fading of red oxidative dye treated hair during shampooing. The amphoteric co-surfactant offered statistically significant improved colour retention, compared to the nonionic. Furthermore, the silicone based conditioning additive delivered enhanced colour retention in comparison with the selected cationic polymers

Optimal Currency Basket Pegs for Developing and Emerging Economies

The exchange rate arrangement represents an important policy choice for emerging and transitional economies as they strive to become stable and market-driven. A wide variety of arrangements have emerged, ranging from currency boards, basket-currency pegs and single-currency pegs to floating rates. Recently the IMF has recommended that, if the exchange value of a currency is to be pegged, it is better to peg to a basket of currencies rather than a single currency. Nonetheless, there has been little theoretical research on the management and optimal design of basket-peg arrangements. In this paper we extend the small-country macroeconomic model of Turnovsky to show that an optimally designed basket-peg arrangement can minimize the variance in domestic consumer prices as well as the variance of foreign reserves. The model highlights the importance of the money and bond markets and, therefore, the importance of various interest rate channels. Additionally we show that a trade-weighted currency basket is not only suboptimal, it is at odds with increasing capital market integration. Further our solutions illustrate that the optimal weights will evolve as the domestic economy integrates with the global market for goods and services, and financial instruments

An ex vivo study of the effects of co-surfactants and conditioning additives on hair colour protection

This poster was exhibited as part of the Beauty and Life Science section of the Scientific Program

Grecian Urns and Tin Watermelons: Lyric, Truth and Beauty, with reference to Mark Doty, and comparisons with Philip Larkin

Romantic poets such as Keats established lyric as poetry of the self and its apprehension of truth and beauty. These qualities were later questioned by modernists and postmodernists; they discouraged grand abstractions and complicated the position of the self, and the poetic category of lyric. I argue that despite this, the lyric self – embodied in the poem as performative act – remains an expression of the poet’s experiencing self, and together they form a three-way relationship with the reader. In my commentary, I begin by outlining my development as a queer Quaker poet, and affirm the role and significance of truth and beauty as key factors in my lyric poems. In chapters 2 and 3, I discuss the language and performativity of the lyric self, drawing on the poetry of Mark Doty and Philip Larkin, and works of lyric theory such as those by Jonathan Culler, Virginia Jackson and Yopie Prins, and Marion Thain. In chapter 4 I discuss how metaphor and metonymy rely on both difference and similarity for performative verbal description, which is rooted in the subjectivity of the lyric self. In chapter 5 I examine the performativity of the lyric and the queer self, and how queerness is a ‘making strange’ that can renew the power of truth and beauty. The queer angle to the heteronormative combines the irony of camp with the seriousness of fetish; it may also have a spiritual dimension. In chapter 6 I contemplate the truths of time and death, which are the limits of queer questioning. Lives have arbitrary beginnings and ends but aesthetic shaping gives meaning and drives the association of beauty and death. The poem will always have an ending, a paradigm of form givingmeaning to time, conveying an experience of truth and beauty

The Contribution of Natural Resources on Economic Welfare in Indonesia

The objective of this research is to examine the relationship between natural resource abundance and economic welfare at the national level of Indonesia. Four variables of institutional quality, investment level, education level, and industry value added are considered in the study as the moderating variables between economic welfare and natural resource rents. This study found that the results are not robust to conclude that the rent generated from natural resources is contributing to the economic welfare in Indonesia. Nevertheless, this study found there are three moderating variables that can become a support to strengthen the relationship between natural resources and economic welfare, these are institutional quality through improvement in the political stability, strengthening the accountability, stringent the regulations, and enforcing the rule of law; primary completion level; and industry value added

Investigation into the Specificity of Angiotensin II-induced Behavioral Desensitization

Angiotensin II (AngII) plays a key role in maintaining body fluid homeostasis. The physiological and behavioral effects of central AngII include increased blood pressure and fluid intake. In vitro experiments demonstrate that repeated exposure to AngII reduces the efficacy of subsequent AngII, and behavioral studies indicate that prior icv AngII administration reduces the dipsogenic response to AngII administered later. Specifically, rats given a treatment regimen of three icv injections of a large dose of AngII, each separated by 20 min, drink less water in response to a test injection of AngII than do vehicle-treated controls given the same test injection. The present studies were designed to test three potential explanations for the reduced dipsogenic potency of AngII after repeated administration. To this end, we tested for motor impairment caused by repeated injections of AngII, for a possible role of visceral distress or illness, and for differences in the pressor response to the final test injection of AngII.We found that repeated injections of AngII neither affected drinking stimulated by carbachol nor did they produce a conditioned flavor avoidance. Furthermore, we found no evidence that differences in the pressor response to the final test injection of AngII accounted for the difference in intake. In light of these findings, we are able to reject these three explanations for the observed behavioral desensitization, and, we suggest instead that the mechanism for this phenomenon may be at the level of the receptor