Multiplicação de tubérculos -semente na propriedade: : uma opção para os pequenos produtores

The present research aimed to evaluate the multiplication of seed potatoes from basic seeds at grower farm to increase yield in commercial potato crops. The potato cultivars Epagri 361-Catucha, Baronesa, Elvira, Monalisa and Macaca were cultivated in participatory research, during the growing seasons of 1999, 2000 and 2001 in southerncoast of Santa Catarina State, Brazil. It was evaluated the occurrence of viral diseases, multiplication tuber index, yield and size of seed potatoes. It was also evaluated the quality and yield of the tubers for fresh consumption. The results showed the viability of multiplication of seed potatoes by growers to use them in commercial crops. It is possible to increase the average productivity of the commercial potato crops in the region using this simple technique.The incidence of viral diseases was different among cultivars particularly for the Y virus.Com o objetivo de verificar a viabilidade técnica da multiplicação própria de tubérculos-semente de diversas cultivares, a partir de batata-semente básica, conduziram-se nove unidades de observação na região doLitoral Sul Catarinense, nos plantios de inverno de 1999 e 2000. No plantio de outono de 2001, conduziram-se mais quatro unidades de observação com o objetivo de avaliar a produção de batata-consumo das cultivares Epagri 361-Catucha, Baronesa, Elvira, Monalisa e Macaca, utilizando-se "semente" multiplicada no plantio anterior. Avaliaram-se a ocorrência de viroses, a taxa de multiplicação, o rendimento total e os tipos de tubérculos-semente produzidos em propriedades de agricultores. Na produção de batata-consumo, avaliaram-se os rendimentos total e comercial de tubérculos. Pelos resultados obtidos, constatou-se que é viável a multiplicação de tubérculos-semente, visando aprodução de batata-consumo, no plantio seguinte. Com o uso de "semente" produzida a partir de batata-semente básica, associado à cultivar adaptada, é possível elevar o rendimento médio das cultivares quanto à suscetibilidade aovírus Y e do enrolamento. O vírus Y é, atualmente, a maior causa da degenerescência da batata-semente na região do Litoral Sul Catarinense

Estimation of effect of voids on frequency response of mountain tunnel lining based on microtremor method

Nowadays, aged tunnels keep continuously increasing all over the world, which require effective inspection methods to assess their health conditions. In this study, both in situ acceleration wave measurements and numerical simulations were carried out to study the microtremor characteristics of mountain tunnel lining. Power spectrum density (PSD) of signals was calculated and peak frequencies were identified using the peak-picking method. Discontinuous contacts between rock masses and lining concrete were simplified as weak interfaces with low stiffness, which play the role of elastic supporting during dynamic calculation. Influences of voids, rock type and concrete type on their peak frequencies were evaluated. The results of the numerical analysis show that the normal stiffness of rock-concrete interface has strong correlation with the magnitude of peak frequency. The frequency response of tunnel lining is affected by the presence of voids located around tunnel circumference behind lining. The first peak frequency is dependent on the void size and location. The larger the void size and location angle, the greater the decrease of the first peak frequency. The peak frequency also decreases as the strength of concrete decreases, and is not affected by the change of properties of unweathered rock masses. Additional frequency modes can be identified when voids are not located on the central axis of tunnel. The first peak frequency variation can be considered to be intimately linked with the stress state of the tunnel lining influenced by the existence of voids

Dor posterior baixa e dor pélvica: o que interessa ao proctologista? Lower back and pelvic pain: what does concern to the proctologist?

Um do mais intrigante e frequente sintoma de doenças agudas ou crônicas é a dor, sobretudo quando aparece sem um substrato anatomo-patológico facilmente identificável, o que dificulta o tratamento e favorece sua persistência. A dor crônica, generalizada ou localizada, transtorna a vida da pessoa, cuja qualidade é significativamente afetada na proporção da intensidade e continuidade da dor. A dor pélvica e a dor posterior baixa são sintomas relativamente comuns, principalmente por estarem relacionados etiologicamente com mais de uma centena de doenças - desde as que são de origem infecciosa até as inflamatórias inespecíficas, passando pelas que são decorrentes de alterações osteomusculares carências ou funcionais, até às neoplásicas eàs de causas indeterminadas. Além disso, há fatores estruturais sobrecarregados pelos atuais estilos de vida, não só em relaçãoà postura física, como permanecer sentado por longo período de tempo, mas também por falta de exercícios que deveriam ser praticados como preparo para o cotidiano. Soma-se, ainda, a estimativa de que 60% das pessoas estão na faixa do sobrepeso e 25% são obesas. Pela frequência de aparecimento e por sua relação com os órgãos pélvicos, a dor pélvica e a dor posterior baixa, cuja investigação pode envolver profissionais de várias áreas, devem ser do obrigatório interesse do médico coloproctologista.<br>Pain is one the most intriguing and frequent symptom of diseases, above all when it appears without an easily identifiable anatomic pathological substratum. Widespread or located chronic pain upsets the person's life whose quality is significantly affected. Chronic pelvic pain syndrome is a conundrum that may be only partly explained; it is relatively common and etiologically related with more than a hundred diseases (infectious and/or inflammatory) perceived in structures related to the pelvis. "Add to that a general lack of exercise, poor diet, and an overall increase in peoples' weight. With 61 percent of the population overweight (and 27 percent of that group diagnosed as clinically obese), it should be no surprise that this degree of increased weight causes more stress and strain on the pelvis and those articulations that we use when standing, walking, and running.1 Patients also expose themselves to a variety of traumas that often do not heal properly, leading to osteoarthritis, fibrotic joint capsules, and myofascial trigger points."13 For the emergence frequency and for its relationship with the pelvic organs, the pelvic pain and the low back pain can be considered a multifaceted problem, with investigation requiring a multidisciplinary approach involving professionals of several areas, so they should be of the obligatory interest of the proctologist