The Issues and Perceptions of Muslims Concerning Religious Accommodation in the Workplace

Religious accommodation in the workplace has been a growing issue in the business community, partly as a result of an increasing number of religious discrimination cases in the United States. Using pluralism and religious pluralism as the theoretical frameworks, the focus of this phenomenological study was to investigate Muslim employees’ perceptions concerning religious accommodation. Survey results suggested that very few companies were providing religious accommodation for their employees. One implication is that companies need to begin communicating more effectively with their Muslim employees about their religious needs.https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/symposium2019/1029/thumbnail.jp

Generalised balance equations for charged particle transport via localised and delocalised states: Mobility, generalised Einstein relations and fractional transport

A generalised phase-space kinetic Boltzmann equation for highly non-equilibrium charged particle transport via localised and delocalised states is used to develop continuity, momentum and energy balance equations, accounting explicitly for scattering, trapping/detrapping and recombination loss processes. Analytic expressions detail the effect of these microscopic processes on the mobility and diffusivity. Generalised Einstein relations (GER) are developed that enable the anisotropic nature of diffusion to be determined in terms of the measured field-dependence of the mobility. Interesting phenomena such as negative differential conductivity and recombination heating/cooling are shown to arise from recombination loss processes and the localised and delocalised nature of transport. Fractional transport emerges naturally within this framework through the appropriate choice of divergent mean waiting time distributions for localised states, and fractional generalisations of the GER and mobility are presented. Signature impacts on time-of-flight current transients of recombination loss processes via both localised and delocalised states are presented.Comment: 21 pages, 4 figure

Third-order transport coefficients for localised and delocalised charged-particle transport

We derive third order transport coefficients of skewness for a phase-space kinetic model that considers the processes of scattering collisions, trapping, detrapping and recombination losses. The resulting expression for the skewness tensor provides an extension to Fick's law which is in turn applied to yield a corresponding generalised advection-diffusion-skewness equation. A physical interpretation of trap-induced skewness is presented and used to describe an observed negative skewness due to traps. A relationship between skewness, diffusion, mobility and temperature is formed by analogy with Einstein's relation. Fractional transport is explored and its effects on the flux transport coefficients are also outlined.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figure

Short-Term Memory in Orthogonal Neural Networks

We study the ability of linear recurrent networks obeying discrete time dynamics to store long temporal sequences that are retrievable from the instantaneous state of the network. We calculate this temporal memory capacity for both distributed shift register and random orthogonal connectivity matrices. We show that the memory capacity of these networks scales with system size.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev. Let

Methods and considerations for the analysis and standardization of assessing muscle sympathetic nerve activity in humans.

The technique of microneurography and the assessment of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) are used in laboratories throughout the world. The variables used to describe MSNA, and the criteria by which these variables are quantified from the integrated neurogram, vary among studies and laboratories and, therefore, can become confusing to those starting to learn the technique. Therefore, the purpose of this educational review is to discuss guidelines and standards for the assessment of sympathetic nervous activity through the collection and analysis of MSNA. This review will reiterate common practices in the collection of MSNA, but will also introduce considerations for the evaluation and physiological inference using MSNA

Water Quality of the North End of Seneca Lake: 1991-2006

The Seneca County Soil and Water Conservation District (SCSWCD) has collected limnological data on the waters of the northern end of Seneca Lake since 1991. This report updates the 1999 report (Makarewicz et al. 1999) with data taken by the SCSWCD from 1999 to 2006. The purpose of monitoring the northern portion of Seneca Lake was to determine the health of the Seneca Lake ecosystem and to determine if any temporal trends existed in Seneca Lake water quality. The water quality of Seneca Lake has been studied since the early 1900s when secchi disk readings were first taken. At that time, the trophic state of Seneca Lake was classified as oligotrophic; that is, nutrient concentrations and primary production were low and transparency high. Water clarity remained approximately the same up through the early 1930s. By the late 1970s, water clarity generally decreased, indicating that the lake’s trophic status was mesotrophic. Total phosphorus concentrations from the 1970s were into the mesotrophic range. Chlorophyll-a concentration also illustrated the trend toward more productive waters in Seneca Lake in the early to mid 1970s. Similarly, in the early 1970s, the transparency of Seneca Lake had decreased to within the eutrophic range. These low transparency values were observed into the early 1990s. Based on the sampling done by the Seneca County Soil and Water Conservation District from 1991 through 2006, an improvement in water quality of Seneca Lake is suggested – at least at the north end where the samples were taken. The trophic status of Seneca Lake is currently best described as oligotrophic. In conclusion, water quality of Seneca Lake appears to have improved since the early 1970s. However, the increase in total phosphorus levels from 2003 to 2005 represents an increase of some concern as they represent the highest values in the last 14 years

Water Quality Monitoring on Cratsley Gully and Honeoye Inlet, Part of the Honeoye Lake Watershed

The presence of soluble, sedimentary rocks in the watershed of the Finger Lakes determines the chemical regimes comprising the lakes (Schaffner and Oglesby 1978). As the rest of the Finger Lakes, Honeoye Lake has an abundance of calcium and bicarbonate ions (Schaffner and Oglesby 1978). Nitrate + nitrite values for Honeoye Lake in 1993 (mean = 0.02 mg/L) were significantly lower (P\u3c0.02) than levels from 1973 (mean = 0.07 mg/L) (Crego 1994). In 1973, Honeoye Lake had the highest total phosphorus (TP) concentration of the eight Finger Lakes examined (21.7 μg/L, August) (Schaffner and Oglesby 1978). However, there were no significant differences in total phosphorus and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentrations from 1973 to 1993 (Crego 1984). During the summer, Honeoye Lake’s deepest waters are not completely oxygenated and 5 experience algal blooms that impair water quality (NYSDEC Region 8). Eelgrass, pondweed, Eurasian milfoil, and water stargrass are the predominant rooted aquatic plant species that are found in near shore areas out to a depth of approximately 15 feet (~5m) (NYSDEC Region 8). The large macrophyte community (weeds) and the reoccurring blooms of algae on the lake are in part the driving force of this study. Excess nutrients, especially phosphorus, can be a major cause of an over abundance of macrophytes and algae. One source of nutrients to a lake is losses from watershed. The goal of this study was to document the level of nutrient and soil loss from the watershed into Honeoye Lake

Methods and considerations for the analysis and standardization of assessing muscle sympathetic nerve activity in humans

© 2015 Elsevier B.V.. The technique of microneurography and the assessment of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) are used in laboratories throughout the world. The variables used to describe MSNA, and the criteria by which these variables are quantified from the integrated neurogram, vary among studies and laboratories and, therefore, can become confusing to those starting to learn the technique. Therefore, the purpose of this educational review is to discuss guidelines and standards for the assessment of sympathetic nervous activity through the collection and analysis of MSNA. This review will reiterate common practices in the collection of MSNA, but will also introduce considerations for the evaluation and physiological inference using MSNA

Loss of Nutrients and Soil from Sandy Pond Tributaries, Oswego County, N.Y.

North and South Sandy Ponds comprise one of the largest coastal bay ecosystems on Lake Ontario. Unlike South Sandy Pond, North Sandy Pond supports intensive recreational activities and intensive shorefront residential development including a commercial campground and several marinas. Both ponds have an over abundance of nutrients and are the likely cause of the over abundance of aquatic weeds in the water. The limnological literature is quite clear on the causes of this unwanted overabundance of aquatic weeds and microscopic plants – an excess amount of nutrients or fertilizers are entering the water. A short list of possible sources of nutrients and soil include point and non-point sources in the watershed of Sandy Pond, septic system losses in direct drainage areas adjacent to the Pond (e.g., from cottages and boats), and resuspension of nutrients from sediments in the Pond itself. The purpose of this study was to determine the relative importance of losses of soil and nutrients from the five major tributaries draining sub-watersheds of North Sandy Pond hereafter referred to as Sandy Pond. Stream discharge and concentration of nitrate, total phosphorus, sodium, total suspended solids, and total Kjeldahl nitrogen were measured and converted into the amount of material lost from the watershed or loading into Sandy Pond during events and non-events

The Significance Of Phosphorus Released From The Sediment Under Anoxic Conditions In Sodus Bay, N.Y.

The goal of this study was to evaluate the loss of phosphorus from the sediment to the anoxic hypolimnion of Sodus Bay, New York. Total phosphorus (TP) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentrations were monitored weekly throughout the water column in Sodus Bay from 16 May 2001 to 22 September 2001. Increased amounts of TP and SRP into the hypolimnion, during periods of hypolimnetic anoxia, indicated that phosphorus was being released from the sediment. On an annual basis, the sediments contributed 600 kg of phosphorus to Sodus Bay (24 kg/d x 25 days, from 8/18 to 9/12) in 2001. This is 7.5% of the annual input of phosphorus to Sodus Bay from the watershed (8,004 kg P, annual average from 1989 to 1994). If the period of anoxia in the hypolimnion is considered (25 days in the late summer), the amount of phosphorus released by the sediments into the hypolimnion is still 600 kg but the amount entering from the watershed is 123 kg of P. That is, phosphorus release into the hypolimnion is 488% greater than the amount entering from the watershed during this period of the year. Since the sediment is releasing phosphorus at a time when inputs from the watershed are minimal, phosphorus inputs from the sediments may prove to be a more important factor in the stimulation of late summer algal blooms than inputs from the watershed