4,962 research outputs found
Evolution in range expansions with competition at rough boundaries.
When a biological population expands into new territory, genetic drift develops an enormous influence on evolution at the propagating front. In such range expansion processes, fluctuations in allele frequencies occur through stochastic spatial wandering of both genetic lineages and the boundaries between genetically segregated sectors. Laboratory experiments on microbial range expansions have shown that this stochastic wandering, transverse to the front, is superdiffusive due to the front's growing roughness, implying much faster loss of genetic diversity than predicted by simple flat front diffusive models. We study the evolutionary consequences of this superdiffusive wandering using two complementary numerical models of range expansions: the stepping stone model, and a new interpretation of the model of directed paths in random media, in the context of a roughening population front. Through these approaches we compute statistics for the times since common ancestry for pairs of individuals with a given spatial separation at the front, and we explore how environmental heterogeneities can locally suppress these superdiffusive fluctuations
Orbital transfer vehicle concept definition and system analysis study, 1985. Volume 3: System and program trades
The key system and program trade studies performed to arrive at a preferred Orbital Transfer Vehicle (OTV) system concept and evolutionary approach to the acquisition of the requisite capabilites is documented. These efforts were expanded to encompass a Space Transportation Architecture Study (STAS) mission model and recommended unmanned cargo vehicle. The most important factors affecting the results presented are the mission model requirements and selection criteria. The reason for conducting the OTV concept definition and system analyses study is to select a concept and acquisition approach that meets a delivery requirement reflected by the mission model
Erratum: Proton and Hydrogen Transport through Hydrogen Environments: Ionization and Stripping
Corrected data is provided here for ionization in H+ + H for the laboratory collision energies between 50 and 10,000 keV regarding the integral and differential cross sections, as well as average values of kinematic parameters such as energy loss and projectile scattering angle...Fil: Cariatore, Nelson Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Física del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Física. Instituto de Física del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Schultz, David R.. Northern Arizona University.; Estados Unido
Proton and Hydrogen Transport through Hydrogen Environments: Ionization and Stripping
Data are presented over a wide range of impact energies describing the ionization or stripping probability, projectile energy loss, and ejected electron and recoiling target energies and angles for proton and hydrogen passage through hydrogen astrophysical environments. These kinematic and reaction data are tabulated at three levels of detail for use in heavy-particle (H+, H) and secondary-electron transport simulations: (1) the integral scattering cross section and average values of the distributions of energy and angle of the particles, (2) the singly differential cross sections as a function of particle energy and angle, and (3) a subset of the many possible doubly differential cross sections as functions of the particle energy and angle chosen to be most relevant to transport simulations.Fil: Cariatore, Nelson Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Física del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Física. Instituto de Física del Sur; Argentina. Northern Arizona University; Estados UnidosFil: Schultz, D. R.. Northern Arizona University; Estados Unido
Water fragmentation by bare and dressed light ions with MeV energies: Fragment-ion-energy and time-of-flight distributions
The energy and time-of-flight distributions of water ionic fragments produced by impact of fast atoms and bare and dressed ions; namely, H+, Li0-3+, C1+, and C2+ are reported in this work. Fragment species as a function of emission energy and time-of-flight were recorded by using an electrostatic spectrometer and a time-of-flight mass spectrometer, respectively. An improved Coulomb explosion model coupled to a classical trajectory Monte Carlo (CTMC) simulation gave the energy centroids of the fragments for the dissociation channels resulting from the removal of two to five electrons from the water molecule. For the energy distribution ranging up to 50 eV, both the experiment and model reveal an isotropic production of multiple charged oxygen ions, as well as hydrogen ions. From the ion energy distribution, relative yields of the dissociation resulting from multiple ionization were obtained as a function of the charge state, as well as for several projectile energies. Multiple-ionization yields with charge state up to 4+, were extracted from the measurements of the time-of-flight spectra, focused on the production of single and multiple charged oxygen ions. The measurements were compared to ion-water collision experiments investigated at the keV energy range available in the literature, revealing differences and similarities in the fragment-ion energy distribution.Fil: Wolff, W.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Luna, H.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Schuch, R.. Alba Nova University Center; SueciaFil: Cariatore, Nelson Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Física del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Física. Instituto de Física del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Otranto, Sebastián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Física del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Física. Instituto de Física del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Turco, Federico. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Centro Atómico Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Fregenal, Daniel Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Centro Atómico Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Bernardi, Guillermo Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Centro Atómico Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Suárez, S.. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Centro Atómico Bariloche; Argentin
A Risk Analysis of Carbon Sequestration in Claypan Soil with Conservation Tillage Systems and Nitrogen Fertilizers for Grain Sorghum and Soybean
Replaced with revised version of paper 02/15/06.carbon sequestration, carbon credits, nitrogen, risk, tillage, Crop Production/Industries, Risk and Uncertainty, Q12,
Non-Contact Measurement of Thermal Diffusivity in Ion-Implanted Nuclear Materials
Knowledge of mechanical and physical property evolution due to irradiation
damage is essential for the development of future fission and fusion reactors.
Ion-irradiation provides an excellent proxy for studying irradiation damage,
allowing high damage doses without sample activation. Limited
ion-penetration-depth means that only few-micron-thick damaged layers are
produced. Substantial effort has been devoted to probing the mechanical
properties of these thin implanted layers. Yet, whilst key to reactor design,
their thermal transport properties remain largely unexplored due to a lack of
suitable measurement techniques. Here we demonstrate non-contact thermal
diffusivity measurements in ion-implanted tungsten for nuclear fusion armour.
Alloying with transmutation elements and the interaction of retained gas with
implantation-induced defects both lead to dramatic reductions in thermal
diffusivity. These changes are well captured by our modelling approaches. Our
observations have important implications for the design of future fusion power
plants.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figure
Orbital transfer vehicle concept definition and system analysis study, 1985. Volume 5: Work breakdown structure and dictionary
To establish consistency and visibility within the Orbital Transfer Vehicle (OTV) program, a preliminary work breakdown structure (WBS) and dictionary were developed. The dictionary contains definitions of terms to be used in conjunction with the WBS so that a clear understanding of the content of the hardware, function, and cost elements may be established. The OTV WBS matrix is a two-dimensional structure which shows the interrelationship of these dimensions: the hardware elements dimension and the phase and function dimension. The dimension of time cannot be shown graphically, but must be considered. Each cost entry varies with time so that it is necessary to know these cost values by year for budget planning and approval as well as for establishing cost streams for discounting purposes in the economic analysis. While a multiple dimensional approach may at first appear complex, it actually provides benefits which outweigh any concern. This structural interrelationship provides the capability to view and analyze the OTV costs from a number of different financial and management aspects. Cost may be summed by hardware groupings, phases, or functions. The WBS may be used in a number of dimensional or single listing format applications
Gasser-Leutwyler coefficients: A progress report
Last year, we reported our first results on the determination of
Gasser-Leutwyler coefficients using partially quenched lattice QCD with three
flavors of dynamical staggered quarks. We give an update on our progress in
determining two of these coefficients, including an exhaustive effort to
estimate all sources of systematic error. At this conference, we have heard
about algorithmic techniques to reduce staggered flavor symmetry breaking and a
method to incorporate staggered flavor breaking into the partially quenched
chiral Lagrangian. We comment on our plans to integrate these developments into
our ongoing program.Comment: 3 pages, 2 figures, Lattice2002(spectrum
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