Evaluation of Material Parameters of Cast Iron

The project is based on a previous experiment carry out by two students. The aim is to prove if the results of the experiments are correct. To do this, we are going to observe, evaluate and see all the experiment done before and to can appreciate in a correct way, we’ll transfer in the known Stress-Strain graphic. Finally, we’ll compare the graphics from the real experiments obtained by MATLAB with the graphics from ABAQUS and extract some conclusions. We model the behaviour of a cast iron used for engine parts in Scania trucks. The parts are subjected to thermomechanical fatigue (TMF), which is both varying mechanical and temperature load. The behaviour due to an out-of-phase (OP) load, compression at maximum temperature, is to be characterised and modelled. The part will experience compression at maximum temperature and when unloaded/loaded cyclic it will experience tension at lower temperature

Modelling the constitutive behaviour of cast iron

The aim of this project is modelling the behaviour of a cast iron used for engine parts in Scania trucks. The parts are subjected to thermomechnical fatigue (TMF), which is both varying mechanical and temperature load. This project is based on a previous experiment carry out by a PhD student, so the final aim is to prove if the results of the experiments are correct and it can work in the real life. To do this, we are going to do a preliminary study of the data to have a first review of these values, then we’ll programme in MATLAB the experiment values in order to get the Young Modulus properly and finally, we’ll model the cast-iron specimen in ABAQUS implementing the properties obtained steps

Journal Staff

In this study, the influuence from crystal orientation on the thermomehanical fatigue (TMF) behaviour of the recently developed single-rystal superalloy STAL-15 is considered, both from an experimental and a nite element (FE) perspective. Experimental results show that there is a strong inuence from the elastic stiffness, with respect to the loading direction, on the TMF life. However, the results also indicate that the number of active slip planes duringdeformation inuence the TMF life, where specimens with a higher number of active slip planes are favoured compared to specimens with fewer active slip planes. The higher number of active slip planes results in a more widespread deformation compared to a more conentrated deformation when only one slip plane is active. Deformation bands with smeared and elongated  γ-precipitates together with deformation twinning were found to be major deformation mechanisms, where the twins primarily were observed in specimens with several active slip planes. From an FE-perspective, therystal orientation with respect to the loading direction is quantied and adopted into a framework which makes it possible to describe the internal crystallographic arrangement and its entities in a material model. Further, a material model which incorporates the crystalorientation is able to predict the number of slip planes observed from microstructural observations, as well as the elasticstiness of the material with respect to the loading direction.On the day of the defence day the status of this article was Manuscript.The work has been financially supported by Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB in Finspang, Sweden, and the Swedish Energy Agency, via the Research Consortium of Materials Technology for Thermal Energy Processes, Grant no. KME-702. In addition, the support from the Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Functional Materials at Linkoping University (Faculty Grant SFO-Mat-LiU #2009-00971) is also acknowledged.</p

Відбиття в українській діалектній лексиці дохристиянської релігії слов’ян

In this study, the difference between in-phase (IP) and out-of-phase (OP) thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) cycling from 100 to 750 °C has been investigated for the Ni-based single-crystal superalloy MD2. In addition, two different crystal orientations were studied, the ⟨001⟩ and ⟨011⟩ orientations respectively. When comparing IP and OP TMF lives, a strain range dependency is found for the ⟨001⟩ direction. For high strain ranges, IP cycling leads to a higher number of cycles to failure compared to OP. However at lower strain ranges, OP cycling leads to a higher number of cycles to failure compared to IP. Microstructure investigation shows that for the ⟨001⟩ direction, deformation twinning within the γ/γ′-microstructure is much more pronounced during OP conditions compared to IP. However for the ⟨011⟩ direction, the opposite is observed; twinning is more pronounced during IP TMF. From the microstructure investigation it is also visible that intersections between twins seems to trigger formation of TCP phases and recrystallization. These intersections also work as initiation points for TMF damage

Modelling of constitutive and fatigue behaviour of a single-crystal nickel-base superalloy

In this licentiate thesis the work done in the project KME410 will be presented. The overall objective of this project is to evaluate and develop tools for designing against fatigue in single-crystal nickel-base superalloys in gas turbines. Experiments have been done on single-crystal nickel-base superalloy specimens in order to investigate the mechanical behaviour of the material. The constitutive behaviour has been modelled and verified by simulations of the experiments. Furthermore, the  microstructural degradation during long-time ageing has been investigated with  respect to the component’s yield limit. The effect has been included in the  constitutive model by lowering the resulting yield limit. Finally, the fatigue crack  initiation of a component has been analysed and modelled by using a critical plane approach. This thesis is divided into three parts. In the first part the theoretical framework, based upon continuum mechanics, crystal plasticity and the critical plane approach, is derived. This framework is then used in the second part, which consists of three included papers. Finally, in the third part, details are presented of the used  numerical procedures

Mechanical Behaviour of Single-Crystal Nickel-Based Superalloys

In this paper the mechanical behaviour, both elastic and plastic, of single-crystal nickel-based superalloys has been investigated. A theoretic base has been established in crystal plasticity, with concern taken to the shearing rate on the slip systems. A model of the mechanical behaviour has been implemented, by using FORTRAN, as a user defined material model in three major FEM-programmes. To evaluate the model a simulated pole figure has been compared to an experimental one. These pole figures match each other very well. Yielding a realistic behaviour of the model

Crystal plasticity and crack initiation in a single-crystal nickel-base superalloy : Modelling, evaluation and applications

In this dissertation the work done in the projects KME-410/502 will be presented.The overall objective in these projects is to evaluate and develop tools for designingagainst fatigue in single-crystal nickel-base superalloys in gas turbines. Experimentshave been done on single-crystal nickel-base superalloy specimens in order toinvestigate the mechanical and fatigue behaviour of the material. The constitutivebehaviour has been modelled and veried by FE-simulations of the experiments.Furthermore, the microstructural degradation during long-time ageing has been investigatedwith respect to the material's yield limit. The eect has been includedin the constitutive model by lowering the resulting yield limit. Moreover, the fatiguecrack initiation of a component has been analysed and modelled by using acritical plane approach in combination with a critical distance method. Finally, asan application, the derived single-crystal model was applied to all the individualgrains in a coarse grained specimen to predict the dispersion in fatigue crack initiationlife depending on random grain distributions. This thesis is divided into three parts. In the rst part the theoretical framework,based upon continuum mechanics, crystal plasticity, the critical plane approachand the critical distance method, is derived. This framework is then used in thesecond part, which consists of six included papers. Finally, in the third part, detailsof the used numerical procedures are presented

Modelling of constitutive and fatigue behaviour of a single-crystal nickel-base superalloy

In this licentiate thesis the work done in the project KME410 will be presented. The overall objective of this project is to evaluate and develop tools for designing against fatigue in single-crystal nickel-base superalloys in gas turbines. Experiments have been done on single-crystal nickel-base superalloy specimens in order to investigate the mechanical behaviour of the material. The constitutive behaviour has been modelled and verified by simulations of the experiments. Furthermore, the  microstructural degradation during long-time ageing has been investigated with  respect to the component’s yield limit. The effect has been included in the  constitutive model by lowering the resulting yield limit. Finally, the fatigue crack  initiation of a component has been analysed and modelled by using a critical plane approach. This thesis is divided into three parts. In the first part the theoretical framework, based upon continuum mechanics, crystal plasticity and the critical plane approach, is derived. This framework is then used in the second part, which consists of three included papers. Finally, in the third part, details are presented of the used  numerical procedures

Procedures for handling computationally heavy cyclic load cases with application to a disc alloy material

The computational efficiency in analysing cyclically loaded structures is a highly prioritised issue for the gas turbine industry, as a cycle-by-cycle simulation of e.g. a turbine disc is far too time consuming. Hence, in this paper, the efficiency of two different procedures to handle computational expansive load cases, a numerical extrapolation and a parameter modification procedure, are evaluated and compared to a cycle-by-cycle simulation. For this, a local implementation approach was adopted, where a user-defined material subroutine is used for the cycle jumping procedures with good results. This in contrast to a global approach where the finite element simulation is restarted and mapping of the solution is performed at each cycle jump. From the comparison, it can be observed that the discrete parameter modification procedure is by margin the fastest one, but the accuracy depends on the material parameter optimisation routine. The extrapolation procedure can incorporate stability and/or termination criteria.Funding Agencies|Cleansky [686600]</p

Modelling of Thermomechanical Fatigue Stress Relaxation in a Single-Crystal Nickel-Base Superalloy

The thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) stress relaxation of the single-crystal nickel-base superalloy MD2 has been analysed and modelled in this paper. In-phase and out-of-phase TMF experiments in the nominal [001],[011] and [111] crystal orientations have been performed. The TMF cycle consists of two loadings each with a 100 h long hold-time. A simple crystallographic creep model, based on Norton’s creep law, has been developed and used in conjunction with a crystal plasticity model. The model takes anisotropy and tension/compression asymmetry into account, where the anisotropic behaviour is based on the crystallographic stress state. The values of the creep parameters in the anisotropic expression were determined by inverse modelling of the conducted TMF experiments, a parameter optimisation were performed. The developed model predicts the stress relaxation seen in the TMF experiments with good correlation