25 research outputs found
Thermal coal drying with the high volatile matter output
ΠΠ°Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ· ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠ½Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠ³ΡΠ»Π»Ρ Π· Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΌΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π·Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π½Π°Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π· ΠΊΠΈΠΏΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ 55 Ρ/Π³ΠΎΠ΄, Π² ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌ Ρ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π°Π·ΠΎΡ, Π° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΡΠ΄Π½Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΡΡΡ Π·Π° ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊ Π²ΡΠ΄Ρ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
Π³Π°Π·ΡΠ² Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠ° Π·Π΄ΡΠΉΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π·Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡ Π³Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ.ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΠΉ Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π»Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΊΠΈ Ρ ΠΊΠΈΠΏΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ 55 Ρ/Ρ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π·ΠΎΡ, Π° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ² Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π³ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ.An analysis of modern technologies of drying of coals with high content of volatile. Industrial applications received steam dryer with a fluidized bed with capacity of 55 tons/h, in which the coolant is inert nitrogen, and the necessary heat is generated by waste gases of the gasifier, the heat transfer is carried out by means of hot water
The development of nutrient contents on a new conservation area in the far North of Germany concerning different types of use. A proposal for a sustainable development in nature conservation practice
The present study analyzes a short-term observation of a newly created nature conservation area. The aim was to investigate different effects of grazing by cattle and, otherwise, the frequent mowing on the development of nutrient contents of soils. The results are typical for the strong sandy Weichselian outwash plain in the north of Central Europe (Schleswig-Holstein, Germany). Two neighboring testing areas of different use and sowed with an agricultural grass were observed for more than two years. The first area had been grazed intensively by cattle and the other one had been mowed twice a year. During this time, several nutrients and other soil parameters have been analyzed at regular intervals. Furthermore, we made observations about soil compaction and the succession of vegetation. The results show a stronger reduction especially of nitrogenous nutrients on the mowing area (-25%). In contrast, on the grazing area, the contents of nitrogen doubled during two growing seasons (+125%). However, a high atmospheric input of nitrogen strengthened the result. Less conclusive were the results about the contents of potassium, phosphorus and SOM. Therefore, mowing could be advised, if quick results are required concerning the impoverishment of soils. Furthermore, the development of succession vegetation was quite different on both areas with the number of plant species 12% higher on the grazing area. However, long-term but non-intensive cattle-grazing must still be rated as an excellent method of maintenance for this type of cultural landscape. It corresponds with the centuries-old land-use practice in this type of landscape and promotes high level of biodiversity. Therefore, there is nothing that speaks against non-intensive grazing from the beginning on a newly created nature-protection area within a long-term conception of nature conservation. The removal of A horizons should be avoided as it damages Holocene soil profies and has only short-term effects
ΠΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»Π° ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ
ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π·Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ·Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π²Π°
ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ³Π°Π½ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ 10Π₯13Π12Π‘2Π2Π2Π (ΠΠΈ-59). ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ, ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅ Π·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°, ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΠΆΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π°, Π° ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π·Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ·Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π°, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ
ΠΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΡΡΡΡΠ° Π² ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π±Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ½Π° Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ°Π·Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Π°Π½ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ
Π Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΡΡΡΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ°Π·Π°Ρ
ΡΡΠ°Π½ ΠΈ ΠΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌ. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ΅ΡΡ
Π½Π΅-ΠΡΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°Π΄Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π±Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ½Π° ΠΡΡΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡ
ΡΠ΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ, Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΉΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π»Ρ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ³ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ: Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Ρ. ΠΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° (Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ
Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ°Π·Π°Ρ
ΡΡΠ°Π½). ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ»ΡΡ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΎ-Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π·Π° ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ Ρ. ΠΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏ. Π‘Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°, ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°Π΄Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ, Π·Π° Π΄Π²Π° Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Π»Π°: Π² Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
(1935-1959 Π³Π³.) ΠΈ Π² Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
(1967-2010 Π³Π³.) ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ (ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ Π€ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π‘ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°) ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΌ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΠ΅ΡΡ
Π½Π΅-ΠΡΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΎ ΠΊ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° (Π½Π° 22 %), ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·ΠΈΠΌΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° (Π½Π° 78 %), ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ° Ρ. ΠΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ (ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° 38 %) ΠΈ Π·ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΌ (ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° 70 %) ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΊ ΡΡ
ΡΠ΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΉΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π»Ρ. Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π±Π°Π·Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ° Π² Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
.In Russian hydropolitics, the Irtysh as the transboundary river is the subject of different level negotiations on the issue of shared use of water resources with the Republic of Kazakhstan and China. In the result of putting in operation of the Upper-Irtysh multireservoir cascade the deterioration of environmental condition, particularly, in a floodplain which has major significance as the source of feed supplies for agricultural production, is observed in the flat part of the Irtysh basin. Therefore, it is important to analyze current condition and changes of different characteristics of hydrological regime of the river, and specifically the minimum flow. The aim of the researchis to indicate the changes of water flow regime and minimum water flow rates in the Irtysh River in the flat part of its basin (in the Republic of Kazakhstan). Research methods. The authors have applies hydrological and geographical approach to analyze standard observational data on the Irtysh flow in the cross section at Semiyarka village - a water level gauge station located directly downstream the multireservoir cascade during two time periods: in natural (1935-1959) and regulated (1967-2010) conditions. Statistical methods were applied: testing homogeneity of the means and variances using the Student t-test and the Fisher F-test, and trend significance using parametric and non-parametric criteria. Results. It is shown that water flow regulation by the Upper-Irtysh multireservoir cascade resulted in significant decrease of minimum summer monthly river discharge (by 22 %), increase of minimum winter river discharge (by 78 %), redistribution of the Irtysh flow between summer (decrease by 38 %) and winter (increase by 70 %) seasons, and, as a consequence, in deterioration of hydrological and environmental condition of the floodplain. Corresponding flow characteristics under natural conditions were used as the base for comparison
ΠΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΠΠ Β«ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π³Π°Π·Β»
Π ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΠΠ "ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π³Π°Π·".
Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°Π³ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΠΠ "ΠΠΠ" Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ², Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°.In the course of the research, the economic feasibility of implementing investment projects was evaluated by the oilfield services company Novosibirskneftegaz.
As a result of writing the master's thesis, an evaluation of investment projects implemented by NNG was carried out using various methods of determining the effectiveness of projects, as a result of identifying the most effective investment project
The influence of diverse optical wavelengths on growth rate of Chlorella Vulgaris microalgae
The effect of different optical wavelengths on growth and development of microalgae had been examined repeatedly. Many articles had been published over the subject, although the results of these investigations were frequently controversial. Depending on the number of days spent on cultivation process, yield gain could be both significant and barely noticeable. Also, irradiation intensity plays vital part in microalgae functioning
ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ Π³Π°Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π°
MSA-Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ
Different tissue reaction of oesophagus and diaphragm after mesh hiatoplasty. Results of an animal study
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Laparoscopic mesh-reinforcement of the hiatal region in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and paraesophageal hernia (PEH) reduces the risk of recurrence. However, there are still controversies about the technique of mesh placement, shape, structure and material. We therefore compared tissue integration and scar formation after implantation of two different polypropylene-meshes in a rabbit model.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A total of 20 female chinchilla rabbits were included in this study. Two different meshes (Polypropylene PP, Polyglecaprone 25 Composite PP-PG) were implanted on the abdominal diaphragm around the oesophagus. After 3 months the implanted meshes were excised en-bloc. Histological and morphological analyses were carried out accordingly proliferation rate, apoptosis and collagen type I/III ratio.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Regarding proliferation rate of oesophagus PP (9.31 Β± 3.4%) and PP-PG (13.26 Β± 2.54%) differ in a significant (p = 0.0097) way. In the diaphragm we found a significant (p = 0.00066) difference between PP (9.43 Β± 1.45%) and PP-PG (18.73 Β± 5.92%) respectively. Comparing oesophagus and diaphragm we could prove a significant difference within PP-PG-group (p = 0.0195). Within PP-group the difference reached no statistical significance (p = 0.88). We found analogous results regarding apoptosis.</p> <p>Furthermore, there is a significant (p = 0.00013) difference of collagen type I/III ratio in PP-PG (12.28 Β± 0.8) compared to PP (8.44 Β± 1,63) in case of oesophageal tissue. Concerning diaphragm we found a significant difference (p = 0.000099) between PP-PG (8.85 Β± 0.81) and PP (6.32 Β± 1.07) as well.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The histologic and morphologic characteristics after prosthetic enforcement of the hiatus in this animal model show a more distinct tissue integration using PP-PG compared to PP. Additionally, different wound healing and remodelling capability influence tissue integration of the mesh in diaphragm and oesophagus.</p