ANALYSIS OF RECENT OPTIONS FOR CHANGES IN U.S. DAIRY POLICY

Agricultural and Food Policy,

The Democratic Partys Transformation More Diverse, Educated, and Liberal but Less Religious

Key PointsThe number of white Americans identifying with the Democratic Party collapsed during Barack Obama's presidency. In 2009, more than two-thirds (68 percent) of Democrats were white. Today, only 56 percent of Democrats are white.Over the past two decades, the Democratic Party has become much more liberal. Half (50 percent) of Democrats today identify as liberal, while only 28 percent did so in 1998.Democrats are far less religious today than they were a generation ago. Only 43 percent of Democrats today say religion is a very important part of their lives—a roughly 20 percentage point drop from the late 1990

DO FARM BUSINESSES AND BIG BUSINESSES APPLY DIFFERENT CAPITAL BUDGETING PROCEDURES?

Recent studies of capital budgeting procedures used by business executives suggest increasing use of present value methods. This study compares Massachusetts greenhouse business managers use of capital budgeting procedures to those of Fortune 1000 firms. Results indicate that different capital budgeting procedures are used and that the payback criterion remains the most popular for the farm firms studied. Some implications for Extension finance educators are drawn.Agribusiness,

Gender, Generation, and Abortion: Shifting Politics and Perspectives After Roe

Three months after the Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade, the issue of abortion continues to gar­ner widespread public attention. Most Americans are still following news about abortion laws and regula­tions. In fact, they are paying far more attention to the issue than to the 2022 election itself. Over the summer, Gallup found spontaneous mentions of abortion as the "most important problem" facing the country reaching record highs.But after the Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization decision, concerns about abortion have become more politically lopsided. Democrats are far more likely to say the issue is a priority for them, and they are paying much closer attention to news about emerging legislation than Republicans are. Nearly half of Democrats say abortion is critically important to them, while fewer than one in three Republicans say the same. Not only that, Democrats are more likely than Republicans to say they will only vote for a candidate who shares their views on abortion—a notable change from the past.At the same time, it's not clear that abortion will define the 2022 midterm elections. Relatively few Americans—roughly one in three—say abortion is a critical issue. Inflation and crime rank much higher among the public's concerns. It is also not clear that young women, who feel most passionately about the issue, will turn out to vote in greater numbers than in the past. And for most Americans, abortion is still one among many important issues on which they will judge a candidate.Still, the Dobbs decision may have an even larger impact in years to come. It may be a distinctive gen­erational coming-of-age moment for many young women, and it may come to define their politics and worldview going forward. Polls show their attitudes on this and other issues are remarkably different from those of other Americans, including young men.Today, no issue is more important for young women than abortion. It ranks higher than inflation, crime, climate change, immigration, gun policy, edu­cation, and jobs and the economy. What's more, young women overwhelmingly say abortion should be legal—including nearly half who say there should be no restrictions on it. Finally, young women are more likely than other Americans to say abortion is a defining issue for their vote

FMRI Clustering and False Positive Rates

Recently, Eklund et al. (2016) analyzed clustering methods in standard FMRI packages: AFNI (which we maintain), FSL, and SPM [1]. They claimed: 1) false positive rates (FPRs) in traditional approaches are greatly inflated, questioning the validity of "countless published fMRI studies"; 2) nonparametric methods produce valid, but slightly conservative, FPRs; 3) a common flawed assumption is that the spatial autocorrelation function (ACF) of FMRI noise is Gaussian-shaped; and 4) a 15-year-old bug in AFNI's 3dClustSim significantly contributed to producing "particularly high" FPRs compared to other software. We repeated simulations from [1] (Beijing-Zang data [2], see [3]), and comment on each point briefly.Comment: 3 pages, 1 figure. A Letter accepted in PNA

Small Energy Scale for Mixed-Valent Uranium Materials

We investigate a two-channel Anderson impurity model with a $5f^1$ magnetic and a $5f^2$ quadrupolar ground doublet, and a $5f^2$ excited triplet. Using the numerical renormalization group method, we find a crossover to a non-Fermi liquid state below a temperature $T^*$ varying as the $5f^2$ triplet-doublet splitting to the 7/2 power. To within numerical accuracy, the non-linear magnetic susceptibility and the $5f^1$ contribution to the linear susceptibility are given by universal one-parameter scaling functions. These results may explain UBe$_{13}$ as mixed valent with a small crossover scale $T^*$.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, REVTeX, to appear in Phys. Rev. Let

Cross-lingual searching and visualization for greek and latin and old norse texts

We explore approaches to multi--lingual information retrieval for Greek, Latin, and Old Norse texts and an innovative visualization facility for the results

Experimental Evaluation of Psychophysical Distortion Metrics for JPEG-Encoded Images

Two experiments for evaluating psychophysical distortion metrics for JPEG-encoded images are described. The first is a threshold experiment, in which subjects determined the bit rate or level of distortion at which distortion was just noticeable. The second is a suprathreshold experiment in which subjects ranked image blocks according to perceived distortion. The results of these experiments were used to determine the predictive value of a number of computer image distortion metrics. It was found that mean-square-error is not a good predictor of distortion thresholds or suprathreshold perceived distortion. Some simple pointwise measures were in good agreement with psychophysical data; other more computationally intensive metrics involving spatial properties of the human visual system gave mixed results. It was determined that mean intensity, which is not accounted for in the JPEG algorithm, plays a significant role in perceived distortion