179 research outputs found
Ultrastructural Characterization of Genetic Diffuse Lung Diseases in Infants and Children: A Cohort Study and Review
Pediatric diffuse lung diseases are rare disorders with an onset in the neonatal period or in infancy, characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms and diffuse interstitial changes on imaging studies. Genetic disorders of surfactant homeostasis represent the main etiology. Surfactant protein B and ABCA3 deficiencies typically cause neonatal respiratory failure, which is often lethal within a few weeks or months. Although heterozygous ABCA3 mutation carriers are mostly asymptomatic, there is growing evidence that monoallelic mutations may affect surfactant homeostasis. Surfactant protein C mutations are dominant or sporadic disorders leading to a broad spectrum of manifestations from neonatal respiratory distress syndrome to adult pulmonary fibrosis. The authors performed pathology and ultrastructural studies in 12 infants who underwent clinical lung biopsy. One carried a heterozygous SP-B mutation, 3 carried SP-C mutations, and 7 carried ABCA3 mutations (5 biallelic and 2 monoallelic). Optical microscopy made it possible to distinguish between surfactant-related disorders and other forms. One of the ABCA3 monoallelic carriers had morphological features of alveolar capillary dysplasia, a genetic disorder of lung alveolar, and vascular development. One patient showed no surfactant-related anomalies but had pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis, a developmental disorder of unknown origin. Electron microscopy revealed specific lamellar bodies anomalies in all SP-B, SP-C, and ABCA3 deficiency cases. In addition, the authors showed that heterozygous ABCA3 mutation carriers have an intermediate ultrastructural phenotype between homozygous carriers and normal subjects. Lung biopsy is an essential diagnostic procedure in unexplained diffuse lung disorders, and electron microscopy should be performed systematically, since it may reveal specific alterations in genetic disorders of surfactant homeostasis
Rapid and safe response to low-dose carbamazepine in neonatal epilepsy
To evaluate treatment responses in benign familial neonatal epilepsy (BFNE)
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Biomorpher: interactive evolution for parametric design
Combining graph-based parametric design with metaheuristic solvers has to date focussed solely on performance based criteria and solving clearly defined objectives. In this paper, we outline a new method for combining a parametric modelling environment with an interactive Cluster-Orientated Genetic Algorithm (COGA). In addition to performance criteria, evolutionary design exploration can be guided through choice alone, with user motivation that cannot be easily defined. As well as numeric parameters forming a genotype, the evolution of whole parametric definitions is discussed through the use of genetic programming. Visualisation techniques that enable mixing small populations for interactive evolution with large populations for performance-based optimisation are discussed, with examples from both academia and industry showing a wide range of applications
JADES: Resolving the Stellar Component and Filamentary Overdense Environment of Hubble Space Telescope (HST)-dark Submillimeter Galaxy HDF850.1 at z = 5.18
© 2024 The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/HDF850.1 is the brightest submillimeter galaxy (SMG) in the Hubble Deep Field. It is known as a heavily dust-obscured star-forming galaxy embedded in an overdense environment at z = 5.18. With nine-band NIRCam images at 0.8–5.0 μm obtained through the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey, we detect and resolve the rest-frame UV–optical counterpart of HDF850.1, which splits into two components because of heavy dust obscuration in the center. The southern component leaks UV and Hα photons, bringing the galaxy ∼100 times above the empirical relation between infrared excess and UV continuum slope (IRX–β UV). The northern component is higher in dust attenuation and thus fainter in UV and Hα surface brightness. We construct a spatially resolved dust-attenuation map from the NIRCam images, well matched with the dust continuum emission obtained through millimeter interferometry. The whole system hosts a stellar mass of 1010.8±0.1 M ⊙ and star formation rate (SFR) of 102.8±0.2 M ⊙ yr−1, placing the galaxy at the massive end of the star-forming main sequence at this epoch. We further confirm that HDF850.1 resides in a complex overdense environment at z = 5.17–5.30, which hosts another luminous SMG at z = 5.30 (GN10). The filamentary structures of the overdensity are characterized by 109 Hα-emitting galaxies confirmed through NIRCam slitless spectroscopy at 3.9–5 μm, of which only eight were known before the JWST observations. Given the existence of a similar galaxy overdensity in the GOODS-S field, our results suggest that 50% ± 20% of the cosmic star formation at z = 5.1–5.5 occur in protocluster environments.Peer reviewe
JADES: Resolving the Stellar Component and Filamentary Overdense Environment of HST-Dark Submillimeter Galaxy HDF850.1 at
HDF850.1 is the brightest submillimeter galaxy (SMG) in the Hubble Deep
Field. It is known as a heavily dust-obscured star-forming galaxy embedded in
an overdense environment at . With nine-band NIRCam images at 0.8-5.0
m obtained through the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES), we
detect and resolve the rest-frame UV-optical counterpart of HDF850.1, which
splits into two components because of heavy dust obscuration in the center. The
southern component leaks UV and H photons, bringing the galaxy
100 times above the empirical relation between infrared excess and UV
continuum slope (IRX-). The northern component is higher in
dust attenuation and thus fainter in UV and H surface brightness. We
construct a spatially resolved dust attenuation map from the NIRCam images,
well matched with the dust continuum emission obtained through millimeter
interferometry. The whole system hosts a stellar mass of
and star-formation rate of
, placing the galaxy at the
massive end of the star-forming main sequence at this epoch. We further confirm
that HDF850.1 resides in a complex overdense environment at ,
which hosts another luminous SMG at (GN10). The filamentary structures
of the overdensity are characterized by 109 H-emitting galaxies
confirmed through NIRCam slitless spectroscopy at 3.9-5 m, of which only
eight were known before the JWST observations. Given the existence of a similar
galaxy overdensity in the GOODS-S field, our results suggest that % of
the cosmic star formation at occur in protocluster environments.Comment: 44 pages, 16 figures, 2 tables. Resubmitted to ApJ after including
the first-round referee's comment
The Star-forming and Ionizing Properties of Dwarf z~6-9 Galaxies in JADES: Insights on Bursty Star Formation and Ionized Bubble Growth
Reionization is thought to be driven by faint star-forming galaxies, but
characterizing this population in detail has long remained very challenging.
Here we utilize deep nine-band NIRCam imaging from JADES to study the
star-forming and ionizing properties of 756 galaxies, including
hundreds of very UV-faint objects (). The faintest
() galaxies in our sample typically have stellar masses of
and young light-weighted ages (50
Myr), though some show strong Balmer breaks implying much older ages (500
Myr). We find no evidence for extremely massive galaxies (
) in our sample. We infer a strong (factor 2) decline in the
typical [OIII]H EWs towards very faint galaxies, yet a
weak UV luminosity dependence on the H EWs at . We demonstrate
that these EW trends can be explained if fainter galaxies have systematically
lower metallicities as well as more recently-declining star formation histories
relative to the most UV-luminous galaxies in our sample. Our data provide
evidence that the brightest galaxies are frequently experiencing a recent
strong upturn in SFR. We also discuss how the EW trends may be influenced by a
strong correlation between and Lyman continuum escape fraction.
This alternative explanation has dramatically different implications for the
contribution of galaxies along the luminosity function to cosmic reionization,
highlighting the need for deep spectroscopic follow-up. Finally, we quantify
the photometric overdensities around two strong Ly emitters in
the JADES footprint. One Ly emitter lies close to a strong photometric
overdensity while the other shows no significant nearby overdensity, perhaps
implying that not all strong Ly emitters reside in large ionized
bubbles.Comment: 29 pages, 16 figures. Submitted to MNRAS. Comments welcom
JADES Imaging of GN-z11: Revealing the Morphology and Environment of a Luminous Galaxy 430 Myr After the Big Bang
We present JWST NIRCam 9-band near-infrared imaging of the luminous
galaxy GN-z11 from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) of the
GOODS-N field. We find a spectral energy distribution (SED) entirely consistent
with the expected form of a high-redshift galaxy: a clear blue continuum from
1.5 to 4 microns with a complete dropout in F115W. The core of GN-z11 is
extremely compact in JWST imaging. We analyze the image with a two-component
model, using a point source and a S\'{e}rsic profile that fits to a half-light
radius of 200 pc and an index . We find a low-surface brightness haze
about to the northeast of the galaxy, which is most likely a foreground
object but might be a more extended component of GN-z11. At a spectroscopic
redshift of 10.60 (Bunker et al. 2023), the comparison of the NIRCam F410M and
F444W images spans the Balmer jump. From population synthesis modeling, here
assuming no light from an active galactic nucleus, we reproduce the SED of
GN-z11, finding a stellar mass of , a star-formation
rate of and a young stellar age of
. As massive galaxies at high redshift are likely to be
highly clustered, we search for faint neighbors of GN-z11, finding 9 galaxies
out to 5 comoving Mpc transverse with photometric redshifts consistent
with , and a 10 more tentative dropout only away.Comment: Submitted to ApJ; 18 pages, 8 figures; comments welcom
JADES Initial Data Release for the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: Revealing the Faint Infrared Sky with Deep JWST NIRCam Imaging
JWST has revolutionized the field of extragalactic astronomy with its
sensitive and high-resolution infrared view of the distant universe. Adding to
the new legacy of JWST observations, we present the first NIRCam imaging data
release from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) providing 9
filters of infrared imaging of 25 arcmin covering the Hubble Ultra
Deep Field and portions of Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS)
South. Utilizing 87 on-sky dual-filter hours of exposure time, these images
reveal the deepest ever near-infrared view of this iconic field. We supply
carefully constructed 9-band mosaics of the JADES bands, as well as matching
reductions of 5 additional bands from the JWST Extragalactic Medium-band Survey
(JEMS). Combining with existing HST imaging, we provide 23-band space-based
photometric catalogs and photometric redshifts for sources. To
promote broad engagement with the JADES survey, we have created an interactive
{\tt FitsMap} website to provide an interface for professional researchers and
the public to experience these JWST datasets. Combined with the first JADES
NIRSpec data release, these public JADES imaging and spectroscopic datasets
provide a new foundation for discoveries of the infrared universe by the
worldwide scientific community.Comment: Several figures were modified to use better line styles. A brief
comparison to IRAC Channel 1 photometry was added along with a few other
clarifications. Paper has been accepted for publication in ApJ
JADES Initial Data Release for the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: Revealing the Faint Infrared Sky with Deep JWST NIRCam Imaging
© 2023. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/JWST has revolutionized the field of extragalactic astronomy with its sensitive and high-resolution infrared view of the distant Universe. Adding to the new legacy of JWST observations, we present the first NIRCam imaging data release from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES), providing nine filters of infrared imaging of ∼25 arcmin2 covering the Hubble Ultra Deep Field and portions of Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey South. Utilizing 87 on-sky dual-filter hours of exposure time, these images reveal the deepest ever near-infrared view of this iconic field. We supply carefully constructed nine-band mosaics of the JADES bands, as well as matching reductions of five additional bands from the JWST Extragalactic Medium-band Survey. Combining with existing Hubble Space Telescope imaging, we provide 23-band space-based photometric catalogs and photometric redshifts for ≈47,500 sources. To promote broad engagement with JADES, we have created an interactive FitsMap website to provide an interface for professional researchers and the public to experience these JWST data sets. Combined with the first JADES NIRSpec data release, these public JADES imaging and spectroscopic data sets provide a new foundation for discoveries of the infrared Universe by the worldwide scientific community.Peer reviewe
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