Electron scattering and bremsstrahlung cross- section measurements

Electron transmission measurements for aluminum and gold, and backscattering measurements on targets of iron, tin, aluminum, and gol

Electron bremsstrahlung produced in thick targets at incident electron energies of 0.2, 1.0, 2.0, and 2.8 MeV, part 3

Electron bremsstrahlung produced in thick targets at incident electron energies of 0.2, 1.0, 2.0, and 2.8 Me

Electron interaction in matter

Data on the scattering of 1-MeV electrons in aluminum for the case of non-normal incidence, electron-bremsstrahlung cross-sections in thin targets, and the production of bremstrahlung by electron interaction in thick targets, are presented both in tabular and graphic form. These results may interest physicists and radiologists

Investigation of electron interaction in matter Final report, 9 Feb. 1967 - 9 Feb. 1968

Electron interaction in matter - electron scattering, electron-bremsstrahlung cross sections and electron bremsstrahlung production in targets at various incident energie

Investigations of electron interactions with matter. Part 1 - Bremsstrahlung production in aluminum and iron. Part 2 - Electron scattering in aluminum

Bremsstrahlung production in aluminum and iron - electron scattering in aluminu

Electron bremsstrahlung cross section measurements at incident electron energies of 0.2, 1.0, 1.7, and 2.5 MeV, part 2

Electron-bremsstrahlung cross section measurements at incident energies of 0.2, 1.0, 1.7, and 2.5 Me

Ensemble prediction for nowcasting with a convection-permitting model - II: forecast error statistics

A 24-member ensemble of 1-h high-resolution forecasts over the Southern United Kingdom is used to study short-range forecast error statistics. The initial conditions are found from perturbations from an ensemble transform Kalman filter. Forecasts from this system are assumed to lie within the bounds of forecast error of an operational forecast system. Although noisy, this system is capable of producing physically reasonable statistics which are analysed and compared to statistics implied from a variational assimilation system. The variances for temperature errors for instance show structures that reflect convective activity. Some variables, notably potential temperature and specific humidity perturbations, have autocorrelation functions that deviate from 3-D isotropy at the convective-scale (horizontal scales less than 10 km). Other variables, notably the velocity potential for horizontal divergence perturbations, maintain 3-D isotropy at all scales. Geostrophic and hydrostatic balances are studied by examining correlations between terms in the divergence and vertical momentum equations respectively. Both balances are found to decay as the horizontal scale decreases. It is estimated that geostrophic balance becomes less important at scales smaller than 75 km, and hydrostatic balance becomes less important at scales smaller than 35 km, although more work is required to validate these findings. The implications of these results for high-resolution data assimilation are discussed

The Victorian anti-vaccination discourse corpus (VicVaDis): construction and exploration

This article introduces and explores the 3.5-million-word Victorian Anti-Vaccination Discourse Corpus (VicVaDis). The corpus is intended to provide a (freely accessible) historical resource for the investigation of the earliest public concerns and arguments against vaccination in England, which revolved around compulsory vaccination against smallpox in the second half of the 19th century. It consists of 133 anti-vaccination pamphlets and publications gathered from 1854 to 1906, a span of 53 years that loosely coincides with the Victorian era (1837–1901). This timeframe was chosen to capture the period between the 1853 Vaccination Act, which made smallpox vaccination for babies compulsory, and the 1907 Act that effectively ended the mandatory nature of vaccination. After an overview of the historical background, this article describes the rationale, design and construction of the corpus, and then demonstrates how it can be exploited to investigate the main arguments against compulsory vaccination by means of widely accessible corpus linguistic tools. Where appropriate, parallels are drawn between Victorian and 21st-century vaccine-hesitant attitudes and arguments. Overall, this article demonstrates the potential of corpus analysis to add to our understanding of historical concerns about vaccination