Conceptual study on Sheetapitta, Udard and Kotha with special reference to Urticaria

Ayurveda is the science of life providing guidelines on ideal daily and seasonal routines, diet, behaviour and proper use of senses for healthy and happy life. It suggests health as the balanced and dynamic integration between our environment, body, mind, and spirit. Sheetapitta is a Tridoshajanya Vikara manifested on the skin keeping the blood (Rakta Dhatu) as its base & characterized by dark red skin rash, raised & itchy bumps. Its symptoms can be corelated with those of Urticaria. Urticaria is a type I hypersensitivity reaction which is manifested because of exposure to such allergens. Hence anti-histaminis like Chloropheniramine maleate, cetrizine, etc. are the drugs of choice, often accompanied by corticosteroid (Dexamethasone). The histamine and chemicals cause inflammation and fluid to accumulate under the skin, causing wheals. But this treatment often fails and may not give a long standing relief. The contributing factor for this failure is the allergen, which is difficult to identify by any means of investigation. Allergens are present as food, medicine and environmental factors. Exposure to such allergens is unavoidable contributing to the increasing incidence of skin diseases. The present paper intends to highlight the Ayurvedic management in reducing signsymptoms and recurrence of the disease

Pregnancy Care In Ayurveda

Pregnency is a happy and joyous time of life for many women. It can also be challenging time of life as the mothers body goes through numerous changes in order to create and support the development of new life. Ayurveda is an excellent addition to the care provided by medical doctors and midwives. Ayurveda creates support for the physical, mental/emotional and spiritual bodies of the mother and her baby. Promoting the health of mother and baby during pregnancy using Ayurveda begins with a month by month description of developments during pregnancy. It then covers the topics of apanavata, nutrion, the daily routine, yogaasana, meditation, happiness, challenges, herbs as well as herb examples and herb research, classical month by month regimens, preparing for the baby. Pregnancy and child birth are matters of great importance in a woman’s life. A woman needs to be taken care of and made the centre of attention during this phase. The set of rules that are prescribed in Ayurveda are very important for pregnant women. They give you detailed information about the Vichara (thought process), Vihara (lifestyle) and Ahara (Diet) which are recommended to be followed at various stages during the Pregnancy period

Transcriptome analysis reveals key genes associated with root‑lesion nematode Pratylenchus thornei resistance in chickpea

The root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus thornei, is one of the major plant-parasitic nematode species causing significant yield losses in chickpea (Cicer arietinum). In order to identify the underlying mechanisms of resistance to P. thornei, the transcriptomes of control and inoculated roots of three chickpea genotypes viz. D05253 > F3TMWR2AB001 (resistant advanced breeding line), PBA HatTrick (moderately resistant cultivar), and Kyabra (susceptible cultivar) were studied at 20 and 50 days post inoculation using the RNA-seq approach. On analyzing the 633.3 million reads generated, 962 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Comparative analysis revealed that the majority of DEGs upregulated in the resistant genotype were downregulated in the moderately resistant and susceptible genotypes. Transcription factor families WRKY and bZIP were uniquely expressed in the resistant genotype. The genes Cysteine-rich receptor-like protein kinase 10, Protein lifeguard-like, Protein detoxification, Bidirectional sugar transporter Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters1 (SWEET1), and Subtilisin-like protease were found to play cross-functional roles in the resistant chickpea genotype against P. thornei. The identified candidate genes for resistance to P. thornei in chickpea can be explored further to develop markers and accelerate the introgression of P. thornei resistance into elite chickpea cultivars

MutMap Approach Enables Rapid Identification of Candidate Genes and Development of Markers Associated With Early Flowering and Enhanced Seed Size in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Globally terminal drought is one of the major constraints to chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) production. Early flowering genotypes escape terminal drought, and the increase in seed size compensates for yield losses arising from terminal drought. A MutMap population for early flowering and large seed size was developed by crossing the mutant line ICC4958-M3-2828 with wild-type ICC 4958. Based on the phenotyping of MutMap population, extreme bulks for days to flowering and 100-seed weight were sequenced using Hi-Seq2500 at 10X coverage. On aligning 47.41 million filtered reads to the CDC Frontier reference genome, 31.41 million reads were mapped and 332,395 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were called. A reference genome assembly for ICC 4958 was developed replacing these SNPs in particular positions of the CDC Frontier genome. SNPs specific for each mutant bulk ranged from 3,993 to 5,771. We report a single unique genomic region on Ca6 (between 9.76 and 12.96 Mb) harboring 31, 22, 17, and 32 SNPs with a peak of SNP index = 1 for low bulk for flowering time, high bulk for flowering time, high bulk for 100-seed weight, and low bulk for 100-seed weight, respectively. Among these, 22 SNPs are present in 20 candidate genes and had a moderate allelic impact on the genes. Two markers, Ca6EF10509893 for early flowering and Ca6HSDW10099486 for 100-seed weight, were developed and validated using the candidate SNPs. Thus, the associated genes, candidate SNPs, and markers developed in this study are useful for breeding chickpea varieties that mitigate yield losses under drought stress