6,347 research outputs found
Finance, Human Capital, Technical Assistance, and the Business Environment in Romania
Although the development of a new private sector is generally considered crucial to economic transition and development, there has been little empirical research on the determinants of startup firm growth. This paper uses panel data techniques to analyze a survey of 297 new small enterprises in Romania containing detailed information from the startup date through 2001. We find strong evidence that access to external finance (loans) increases the growth of both employment and sales. Taxes appear to constrain growth. There is some evidence that entrepreneurial skills increase growth, but only weak evidence for the effectiveness of technical assistance, and only when it is provided by foreign partners or international agencies. A wide variety of alternative measures of the business environment (contract enforcement, property rights, and corruption) are tested, but are found to have little or no association with firm growth.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/40025/3/wp639.pd
Finance, Human Capital, Technical Assistance, and the Business Environment in Romania
Although the development of a new private sector is generally considered crucial to economic transition and development, there has been little empirical research on the determinants of startup firm growth. This paper uses panel data techniques to analyze a survey of 297 new small enterprises in Romania containing detailed information from the startup date through 2001. We find strong evidence that access to external finance (loans) increases the growth of both employment and sales. Taxes appear to constrain growth. There is some evidence that entrepreneurial skills increase growth, but only weak evidence for the effectiveness of technical assistance, and only when it is provided by foreign partners or international agencies. A wide variety of alternative measures of the business environment (contract enforcement, property rights, and corruption) are tested, but are found to have little or no association with firm growth.small firms, entrepreneurship, microfinance, business environment
What Makes Small Firms Grow? Finance, Human Capital, Technical Assistance, and the Business Environment in Romania
Although the development of a new private sector is generally considered crucial to economic transition and development, there has been little empirical research on the determinants of startup firm growth. This paper uses panel data techniques to analyze a survey of 297 new s small enterprises in Romania containing detailed information from the startup date through 2001. We find strong evidence that access to external finance (loans) increases the growth of both employment and sales. Taxes appear to constrain growth. There is some evidence that entrepreneurial skills increase growth, but only weak evidence for the effectiveness of technical assistance, and only when it is provided by foreign partners or international agencies. A wide variety of alternative measures of the business environment (contract enforcement, property rights, and corruption) are tested, but are found to have little or no association with firm growth.Earle, Romania, small, firms, growth, Upjohn
What Makes Small Firms Grow? Finance, Human Capital, Technical Assistance, and the Business Environment in Romania
Although the development of a new private sector is generally considered crucial to economic transition, there has been rather little empirical research on the determinants of startup firm growth. This paper uses panel data techniques to analyze a survey of 297 new small enterprises in Romania containing detailed information from the startup date through 2001. We find strong evidence that access to external credit increases the growth of both employment and sales. Taxes appear to constrain growth. The data suggest that entrepreneurial skills have little independent effect on growth, once demand conditions are taken into account, and there is only weak evidence for the effectiveness of technical assistance, and only when it is provided by foreign partners. A wide variety of alternative measures of the business environment (contract enforcement, property rights, and corruption) are tested, but none are found to have any clear association with firm growth.Small Firms, Entrepreneurship, Microfinance, Business Environment, Romania
Renormalization of Quantum Anosov Maps: Reduction to Fixed Boundary Conditions
A renormalization scheme is introduced to study quantum Anosov maps (QAMs) on
a torus for general boundary conditions (BCs), whose number () is always
finite. It is shown that the quasienergy eigenvalue problem of a QAM for {\em
all} BCs is exactly equivalent to that of the renormalized QAM (with
Planck's constant ) at some {\em fixed} BCs that can
be of four types. The quantum cat maps are, up to time reversal, fixed points
of the renormalization transformation. Several results at fixed BCs, in
particular the existence of a complete basis of ``crystalline'' eigenstates in
a classical limit, can then be derived and understood in a simple and
transparent way in the general-BCs framework.Comment: REVTEX, 12 pages, 1 table. To appear in Physical Review Letter
Radio continuum observations of local star-forming galaxies using the Caltech Continuum Backend on the Green Bank Telescope
We observed radio continuum emission in 27 local (D < 70 Mpc) star-forming
galaxies with the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope between 26 GHz and 40 GHz
using the Caltech Continuum Backend. We obtained detections for 22 of these
galaxies at all four sub-bands and four more marginal detections by taking the
average flux across the entire bandwidth. This is the first detection (full or
marginal) at these frequencies for 22 of these galaxies. We fit spectral energy
distributions (SEDs) for all of the four-sub-band detections. For 14 of the
galaxies, SEDs were best fit by a combination of thermal free-free and
nonthermal synchrotron components. Eight galaxies with four-sub-band detections
had steep spectra that were only fit by a single nonthermal component. Using
these fits, we calculated supernova rates, total number of equivalent O stars,
and star formation rates within each ~23 arcsecond beam. For unresolved
galaxies, these physical properties characterize the galaxies' recent star
formation on a global scale. We confirm that the radio-far-infrared correlation
holds for the unresolved galaxies' total 33 GHz flux regardless of their
thermal fractions, though the scatter on this correlation is larger than that
at 1.4 GHz. In addition, we found that for the unresolved galaxies, there is an
inverse relationship between the ratio of 33 GHz flux to total far-infrared
flux and the steepness of the galaxy's spectral index between 1.4 GHz and 33
GHz. This relationship could be an indicator of the timescale of the observed
episode of star formation.Comment: 36 pages, 9 figures; accepted for publication in ApJ. First and
second author affiliation updated to reflect departmental name chang
Zero Entropy Interval Maps And MMLS-MMA Property
We prove that the flow generated by any interval map with zero topological
entropy is minimally mean-attractable (MMA) and minimally mean-L-stable (MMLS).
One of the consequences is that any oscillating sequence is linearly disjoint
with all flows generated by interval maps with zero topological entropy. In
particular, the M\"obius function is orthogonal to all flows generated by
interval maps with zero topological entropy (Sarnak's conjecture for interval
maps). Another consequence is a non-trivial example of a flow having the
discrete spectrum.Comment: 12 page
Irritable Bowel Syndrome patients exhibit depressive and anxiety scores in the subsyndromal range
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients frequently experience affective disorders and psychiatric outpatients frequently meet criteria for IBS. The exact nature of this co-morbidity is not clear. 34 patients with Rome-II diagnosed IBS were recruited from a Gastroenterology clinic. Patients with social anxiety disorder (10 SSRI-remitted and 7 untreated subjects) were used as a psychiatric comparison, 28 normal subjects from our register were included as a fourth group (Volunteers). Depressive and anxiety symptoms were measured by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Spielberger Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), respectively. Personality traits were measured with the Swedish universities Scales of Personality (SSP). IBS subjects had BDI and STAI scores intermediate between those of volunteers and patients, despite their lack of a co-morbid psychiatric diagnosis. A principle component factor analysis of the SSP dataset corresponded closely to the solution published with other samples. ANOVA revealed significant between-group differences for 7 of the 13 SSP variables
An evaluation of the implementation of Georgia's Pre-k program: Report of the findings from the Georgia Early Childhood Study (2002-03)
After ten years, Georgia continues to lead the nation in providing full day, publicly subsidized Pre-K to four-year-olds whose parents choose to enroll them. In this report, we assess the extent to which differences in the way Pre-K is implemented affect children's development. Do teachers with higher levels of education have more positive impacts on children's development? Do teaching styles make a difference in terms of children's outcomes by the end of kindergarten? Do children taught using certain curricula fare better than those taught using others? Answers to questions such as these can assist Pre-K administrators in refining Georgia's program and inform those in other states who are developing or expanding their prekindergarten programs
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