Biliary peritonitis due to a ruptured amebic liver abscess mimicking a periampullary tumor and liver metastases with the elevation of CA 19-9 and CA 125: a case report

Introduction: An amebic liver abscess is the most common presentation of extraintestinal amebiasis. This condition is the result of a parasite infection caused by Entamoeba histolytica. Materials and Methods: We report a case of a 53-year-old male who presented with abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant, jaundice, and a 10-kg weight loss within a 1-month span. Results and Conclusion: A wide range of symptoms and findings in the imaging tests suggestive of neoplasia, elevated levels of CA 19-9 and CA 125, and the presentation of biliary peritonitis as a complication makes this case a challenge for its approach and management.Revisión por pare

Externado de Cirugía - ME213 - 202102

Curso de la carrera de medicina, de carácter teórico práctico del ciclo 9, en el que los estudiantes presentan una historia clínica con su respectivo plan diagnóstico, terapéutico y procedimientos de un paciente con una condición quirúrgica, a través de la realización de actividades de simulación y metodología activa. El curso del externado de cirugía busca desarrollar la competencia específica de profesionalismo-sentido ético y legal y responsabilidad profesional(nivel 3). El externado de cirugía le permitirá al estudiante plantear un adecuado tratamiento y plan de trabajo según el diagnóstico de los principales problemas quirúrgicos que le servirán en su futura vida profesiona

Externado de Cirugía - ME213 - 202101

Curso de la carrera de medicina, de carácter teórico práctico del ciclo 9, en el que los estudiantes presentan una historia clínica con su respectivo plan diagnóstico, terapéutico y procedimientos de un paciente con una condición quirúrgica, a través de la realización de actividades de simulación y metodología activa. El curso del externado de cirugía busca desarrollar la competencia específica de profesionalismo-sentido ético y legal y responsabilidad profesional(nivel 3). El externado de cirugía le permitirá al estudiante plantear un adecuado tratamiento y plan de trabajo según el diagnóstico de los principales problemas quirúrgicos que le servirán en su futura vida profesiona

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field