A influência do tempo de jejum na granja e do período de descanso dos suínos no frigorífico sobre os parâmetros da qualidade da carne dos suínos.

No manejo pré-abate há uma interação entre o homem e o suíno, pois esse animal é submetido a situações estressantes (jejum na granja, embarque, transporte, desembarque, descanso no frigorífico e abate) que podem influenciar o bem-estar e a qualidade da carne. O presente trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar os efeitos do tempo de jejum dos suínos na granja (oito, doze, dezesseis e vinte horas), combinados a três dos períodos de descanso (uma, três e seis horas) antes do abate no frigorífico sobre os parâmetros de qualidade da carne dos suínos. Nesse estudo foram utilizados 960 suínos (fêmeas e machos castrados), oriundos de cruzamentos industriais, com peso médio da carcaça quente 89 kg. As granjas utilizadas tinham capacidade média de alojamento para 750 suínos e estavam localizadas no oeste de Santa Catarina. Na análise dos dados foi utilizado modelo estatístico, onde se considerou o delineamento inteiramente ao acaso com os efeitos de granja, estação do ano, tratamento (jejum na granja e período de descanso) e da interação estação do ano versus tratamento. Embora o presente estudo tenha encontrado efeito significativo do tempo de jejum sobre os parâmetros de qualidade de carne, isso não foi capaz de afetar negativamente a classificação das carcaças quanto a qualidade. There is an interaction between swine and human being during pre-slaughter management, since the animal is a subject to stressful situations imposed by man (fasting, loading, transporting, unloading, resting time and slaughter) that can influence welfare and meat quality. The main objective of the current study was evaluate the effect of fasting time in the farm combined with resting time at slaughterhouse on meat quality parameters. A total of 960 pigs (female and male castrated) from industrial crossings, with average hot carcass weight of 89 kg, were used. The farm had average housing capacity of 750 pigs and it was located in the West region of Santa Catarina. It was used a completely randomized design considering main effects of farm, season, treatment (fasting time and resting period), the interaction season versus treatment. Although results of this study showed a significant effect of fasting time on meat quality parameters, it did not adversely affect carcass quality

Comparing 17-β-estradiol supply strategies for applying the XVE-Cre/loxP system in grape gene transfer (Vitis vinifera L.)

Assays for enhancing the performance of 17-β-estradiol induction in the XVE-Cre/loxP system were performed on two transgenic 'Brachetto' plants obtained with the pX6-pKcpGVA construct, which is derived from the chemical-inducible pX6 vector carrying the neomycin phosphotransferase (nptII) gene and the XVE-Cre/loxP sequence. The 17-β-estradiol supply is expected to induce Cre recombinase expression resulting in nptII gene removal. We compared different hormone supply strategies during shoot organogenesis from meristematic proliferative tissue (MPT) or from the cut surface between leaf and petiole (SOLP) or during micropropagation from bud (MB). The effectiveness of the estradiol induction was evaluated on different tissues of the regenerated plantlets by means of nptII copy number quantification with Real time PCR. Results showed that the Cre/loxP inducible system functions effectively – however with different efficiencies- in both root and leaf tissues, and that micropropagation from buds combined with constant wetting with 17-β-estradiol is the most efficient and reproducible strategy for effective in vivo hormone induction.

How do seasons and different combinations between on-farm fasting intervals and lairage period affect pigs? welfare, carcass and pork quality traits?

Abstract: The objectives of this study were to study the effects and interactions of different combinations of on-farm fasting intervals and lairage period at different climates on blood stress parameters, carcass and meat quality in pigs. A total of 960 finishing pigs from eight farms was split into 12 treatments during two seasons used (5 pigs/12 treatments/2 seasons/8 repetitions or farm). Treatments consisted in a combination of four different on-farm feed withdrawal periods (8, 12, 16, 20 h) with three different lairage periods (1, 3, 6 h). Cortisol and lactate from 960 animals were collected in the sticking wound blood. All stomachs were weighed full and emptied and their content were collected and subjectively scored according to the amount of feed and water. In the chiller, carcass lesions were assessed on each left carcass side and classified by visual assessment of shape and size. Meat quality traits, such as pH, colour and drip loss, were assessed in 960 loins and hams. Blood lactate levels were greater in the summer than in the winter (P<0.001). Stomach content was affected (P&#8804;0.05) by season, on-farm fasting interval (P<0.001), lairage time (P<0.0001). The weight of stomach contents reduces as the total feed withdrawal time increases. However, this effect stoppeds after onfarm fasting of 17 h plus 1 h of lairage. Based on the analysis of principal components, the stomach content can be influenced by feed and water in different ways accoring to treatments. Only 8 h of on-farm fasting is not enough empty stomachs from feed content. On the other hand, an on-farm fasting period of 16 h or longer can also be a problem due to stomachs containing more water. These analysis suggested that after 16 h of onfarm fasting pigs get hungry and start to drink water in order to maintain satiety, while it is not observed during on-farm fasting of 12 h even after 6 h of lairage. Carcass lesions caused by fighting were greater (P&#8804;0.005) in the winter, mainly after 3 and 6 h of lairage (P&#8804;0.005). There was an interaction between season and lairage time on pH&#956; of loin and ham, where pH&#956; was lower (P&#8804;0.05) for pigs slaughtered after six hours of lairage during the summer. The application of 12 h of on-farm fasting with 6 h of lairage seemed to be best combination to reduce stomach content weight (feed and water). Mainly in the winter, shorter lairage period can be used to reduce percentage of skin lesions and better pork quality traits in pigs. Resumo: Os objetivos deste estudo foram estudar os efeitos e as interações de diferentes combinações de intervalos de jejum na fazenda e período de espera em diferentes climas em parâmetros de estresse sangüíneo, qualidade de carcaça e carne em suínos. Um total de 960 porcos de terminação de oito fazendas foi dividido em 12 tratamentos durante duas estações usadas (5 porcos / 12 tratamentos / 2 estações / 8 repetições ou fazenda). Os tratamentos consistiram em uma combinação de quatro diferentes períodos de abstinência alimentar (8, 12, 16, 20 h) com três diferentes períodos de espera (1, 3, 6 h). O cortisol e o lactato de 960 animais foram recolhidos no sangue da ferida aderente. Todos os estômagos foram pesados &#8203;&#8203;e esvaziados e seu conteúdo foi coletado e subjetivamente pontuado de acordo com a quantidade de ração e água. No resfriador, as lesões de carcaça foram avaliadas em cada lado da carcaça esquerda e classificadas por avaliação visual de forma e tamanho. Características de qualidade da carne, como pH, cor e perda de gotejamento, foram avaliadas em 960 lombos e presuntos. Os níveis de lactato sanguíneo foram maiores no verão do que no inverno (P <0,001). O conteúdo estomacal foi afetado (P&#8804;0,05) por estação, intervalo de jejum na fazenda (P <0,001), tempo de espera (P <0,0001). O peso do conteúdo do estômago diminui à medida que o tempo total de retirada do alimento aumenta. No entanto, esse efeito se interrompe após um jejum de 17 h mais 1 h de tétano. Com base na análise dos componentes principais, o conteúdo estomacal pode ser influenciado pela alimentação e pela água de diferentes maneiras, de acordo com os tratamentos. Apenas 8 horas de jejum na fazenda não são suficientes estômagos vazios do conteúdo do feed. Por outro lado, um período de jejum na fazenda de 16 horas ou mais também pode ser um problema devido a estômagos contendo mais água. Essas análises sugeriram que, após 16 h de onfarm, os porcos em jejum ficam com fome e começam a beber água para manter a saciedade, enquanto isso não é observado durante o jejum na fazenda de 12 h, mesmo após 6 h de leiteria. As lesões da carcaça causadas pelo combate foram maiores (P&#8804;0,005) no inverno, principalmente após 3 e 6 h de criação (P&#8804;0,005). Houve interação entre a estação e o tempo de espera no pH&#956; de lombo e fiambre, onde o pH&#956; foi menor (P&#8804;0,05) para suínos abatidos após seis horas de descanso durante o verão. A aplicação de 12 h de jejum na fazenda com 6 h de plantio pareceu ser a melhor combinação para reduzir o peso do conteúdo estomacal (alimentação e água). Principalmente no inverno, pode-se usar um período de curral mais curto para reduzir a porcentagem de lesões na pele e melhores características de qualidade da carne suína em suínos

Development and validation of a test for the classification of horses as broken or unbroken

Regulation EC 1/2005 has stricter rules for transportation of unbroken (untamed) vs. broken (tamed) horses, but does not provide adequate tools for their identification. This study aimed to develop and validate such a tool. A behavioural test (Broken/Unbroken Test (BUT)) based on approaching, haltering, and leading was applied to 100 horses. Physiological and additional behavioural data were also collected, and the horses’ status (broken/unbroken) was assessed by the expert who administered the BUT. Each horse’s behaviour during the BUT was scored by four trained observers blinded to the horse’s history. The BUT score showed excellent inter-observer, intra-observer, and test–retest reliability (all intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) &gt; 0.75). It was also negatively associated with respiratory rate, avoidance distance, and time needed to approach, halter, and lead the horse (p &lt; 0.05 for all). The optimal BUT score cut-off for discrimination between broken and unbroken horses (gold standard: expert judgment) showed 97.8% sensitivity and 97.3% specificity. There was almost perfect agreement between BUT-based and expert classification of horses (ICC = 0.940). These findings confirm the BUT’s construct and criterion validity. The BUT could provide officials with a feasible, reliable, and valid tool to identify a horse’s broken/unbroken status and, consequently, direct stakeholders towards correct transport procedures

Distillery anaerobic digestion residues as fertilizers for field vegetable crops: Performance and efficiency in mid-term successions

Understanding nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of crops plays an important role in achieving sustainable production. Intensive agriculture has adversely affected social and environmental issues worldwide over the past few decades. Anaerobic digested residues from the distillery industry (DADRs) can be used in agriculture, thereby recycling valuable organic materials that can supply organic N. An experiment using DADRs in horticulture was conducted to evaluate the performance of different treatments on yield and NUE. The experiment was conducted for five years, growing lettuce, cauliflower, chicory, potato, Swiss chard, catalogna chicory, tomato, pepper, and melon in two different succession schemes. Five fertilization treatments were designed, including a mineral fertilization control, in which nitrogen (N) was supplied according to standard recommendations in the area. The other treatments were an unfertilized control and three treatments in which 50%, 75%, and 100% of the N were supplied by DADRs and the remaining with common chemical fertilizer. Major findings were: (1) Spring\u2013summer crops showed the lowest N-uptake and N recovery, during this period high chemical fertilization can cause environmental problems such as N leaching, and fertilization with 100% DADRs is a viable alternative; (2) fall\u2013winter crops can be fertilized by combining 50% mineral N and 50% organic N, supplying the nutrients required by the crops during the growing cycle

Equipamentos de manejo pré-abate dos suínos.

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Combining molecular and metabolomic analysis to evaluate transgenic Vitis vinifera plants expressing the Vitreoscilla haemoglobin (VHb)

Transgenic V. vinifera 'Brachetto' plants expressing Vitreoscilla stercoraria haemoglobin gene (vhb) were obtained by transferring the pBI-VHb construct harbouring the vhb and the nptII genes, via A. tumefaciens EAH 105. From 18 distinct transgenic plantlets, 2 lines were randomly chosen and 11 and 14 plants respectively obtained by micropropagation were acclimated for 100 days in the greenhouse, together with 10 micropropagated plants of a wild-type control line. A data-driven assessment, aimed at evaluating all measurable lowmolecular weight organic compounds in these transgenic plants was performed using UPLC-Q-TOF with an ESI interface. Comparisons between controls and transgenic lines and between the two transgenic lines detected significant differences in some metabolic patterns. For each line, a list of identified compounds was extracted from the 100 most significant biomarkers