A importância da língua de sinais para o desenvolvimento da pessoa surda: A noção de inclusão associada ao sentimento de pertencimento no espaço escolar.

This article aims to elucidate concepts related to the person with hearing disability, such as the disability itself and the sign language. Considering the school as one of the most important spaces for coexistence of children (deaf and hearing) and the sense of belonging that a person can develop in relation to the school, a brief analysis of the three main proposals of deaf education will be presented, to then establish a link between sign language and its importance for the development of the deaf person (especially in cases of pre-linguistic deafness), in order to facilitate their process of social inclusion. It is concluded that the school, being both a space of knowledge construction as of bonding, is the ideal place to relate school subjects to deaf culture, and encourage hearing people to learn sign language from an early age - and through efficient communication between people with and without disabilities, promote a truly inclusive environment.Este artigo se propõe a expor conceitos relativos à deficiência auditiva, como a deficiência em si e a língua de sinais. Considerando a escola como um dos mais relevantes espaços de convivência das crianças (surdas e ouvintes) e o sentimento de pertencimento que as pessoas podem desenvolver concernente a esse espaço, será apresentada uma breve análise das três principais propostas da educação de surdos, para, depois, estabelecer uma relação entre a língua de sinais e sua importância para o desenvolvimento da pessoa surda (especialmente nos casos de surdez pré-linguística), de modo a facilitar o processo de inclusão social da mesma. Conclui-se que a escola, por ser um espaço tanto de construção de conhecimento como de laços afetivos, é o lugar ideal para relacionar os conteúdos escolares com a cultura surda, além de incentivar ouvintes a aprenderem a língua de sinais desde cedo – e, através de uma comunicação eficiente entre pessoas com e sem deficiência, promover um ambiente cada vez mais verdadeiramente inclusivo.Palavras-chave: língua de sinais, surdez, educação

Statement on the risks for public health related to a possible increase of the maximum level of deoxynivalenol for certain semi-processed cereal products

The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the risks for public health related to a possible increase of the maximum level (ML) of deoxynivalenol (DON) for certain semi-processed cereal products from 750 µg/kg to 1000 µg/kg. For this statement, EFSA relied on existing occurrence data on DON in food collected between 2007 and 2012 and reported by 21 European countries. Due to the lack of appropriate occurrence data from pre-market monitoring, the impact of increasing the ML was estimated using a simulation approach, resulting in an expected increase in mean levels of the respective food products by a factor of 1.14-1.16. Based on median chronic exposure in several age classes, the percentage of consumers exceeding the group provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) of 1 μg/kg body weight (b.w.) for the sum of DON and its 3- and 15-acetyl-derivatives, established by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) in 2010, is approximately 2-fold higher with the suggested increased ML than with the current ML. Several acute exposure scenarios resulted in exceedance of the group acute reference dose (ARfD) of 8 µg/kg b.w. established by JECFA with up to 25.9 % of the consumption days above the group ARfD. The EFSA Scientific Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain notes that the group health based guidance values (HBGVs) include 3-Ac-DON and 15-Ac-DON. The exposure from the acetyl-derivatives has not been covered in this statement, since the acetyl-derivatives are not included in the current or suggested increased ML and because only few occurrence data are available. An increase of the DON ML can be expected to be associated with an increase of the levels of DON and Ac-DONs, and can therefore increase the exposure and consequently the exceedances of the group HBGVs