ATIVIDADE ANTIBACTERIANA DE EXTRATO AQUOSO DA CASCA DE NOZ-PECÃ [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch]

A crescente incidência de doenças infecciosas, causadas pelo surgimento de microrganismos multirresistentes às medicações alopáticas, provoca pesquisadores a buscar terapias antimicrobianas alternativas, como a utilização de extratos vegetais. O presente trabalho visou avaliar o potencial antibacteriano do extrato aquoso da casca de noz-pecã [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] sobre bactérias, uma vez que são escassos estudos quanto sua atividade antimicrobiana. O extrato vegetal bruto das cascas de C. illinoensis foi avaliado sobre os microrganismos por meio dos métodos de Determinação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM), e Difusão em Poço (DP). Verificou-se que o extrato apresentou atividade bactericida para todas as cepas testadas nas concentrações de 15% (v/v) e 20% (v/v), com exceção da bactéria Staphylococcus aureus, cujo efeito foi bacteriostático a 15% (v/v). O potencial do extrato aquoso na terapêutica de doenças infecciosas é evidenciado e incentiva novos estudos que busquem testar sobre outros microrganismos, assim como seus possíveis mecanismos de ação

Vitamin C analysis and nutritional status of children and adolescents exposed to secondhand smoke/ Análise de vitamina C e estado nutricional de crianças e adolescentes expostos ao fumo passivo

The aim of the present study was to analyze ascorbic acid in passive smokers, considering the groups most vulnerable to the exposure of cigarette smoke compounds, i.e., children and adolescents. We quantified of plasma vitamin C levels in passive smokers through blood collection for later analysis. We also recorded nutritional and socioeconomic data in addition tobacco smoke exposure. There were 33 participants, divided into a group of passive smokers (PS = 16 participants) and a control group (C = 17 participants). Vitamin C levels and reactive oxygen species content were similar in PS and C groups. The secondhand smoke exposition frequency was 5±3.16 hours/day and the biomarker of exposure, carboxyhemoglobin, was an average of 3.69±0.23% in the PS group, slightly above the maximum biological index allowed for no smoking individuals. Food intake of vitamin C was satisfactory in both groups, PS and C. The present study verified that there was no interference from exposure to secondhand smoke on plasma concentrations of ascorbic acid in the individuals studied, because adequate consumption of dietary sources of vitamin C may have helped to maintain satisfactory plasma levels

Eurythrematosis as a developmental model of the Diabetes Mellitus type 1 pathological condition: pathophysiological parameters and oxidative stress / Eurytrematose como modelo de desenvolvimento da patologia da Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1: parâmetros fisiopatológicos e stress oxidativo

Eurytrematosis is a helminthic disease caused by trematodes belonging to the genus Eurytrema spp. that parasitize the pancreas of many animals and humans. This parasitosis causes chronic fibrosing pancreatitis, fat infiltration in the pancreatic parenchyma, besides damaging the exocrine pancreas, which is similar to that found in patients with Diabetes Mellitus type 1 (DM1). The current work aimed to evaluate the use of bovine pancreas infected with E. coelomaticum as a model to study DM1 pathophysiology. It was carried out macroscopic analyses, parasite identification, total pancreatic lipid determination and oxidative damage biomarkers levels of pancreas naturally infected with E. coelomaticum. Macroscopically, we observed that the infected pancreas had duct obstruction, organ stiffness due to the visible presence of fibrosis, increased adipose tissue deposition, increased protein and lipid damage, as well as increased antioxidant biomarkers (GSH, CAT and VIT C). Thus, it is possible to show that DM1 may have pancreatic parasitism as a possible primary origin. However, more studies are needed to better investigate this possible primary origin; the results obtained here suggest that the use of pancreas parasitized by E. coelomaticum could be a model to investigate DM1 pathophysiology

PERFIL CLÍNICO NA ADMISSÃO DE PACIENTES COM COVID-19 E FATORES ASSOCIADOS À GRAVIDADE CLÍNICA

The SARS-CoV-2 virus still maintains heterogeneity in relation to symptoms and clinical evolution. Thus, the objective of this study was to describe the characteristics of the admission of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in a public hospital, associated with clinical severity. This is a cross-sectional study involving 170 patients hospitalized with COVID-19, from March 2020 to December 2021, allocated into two groups, according to the severity of the disease: moderate group (n=87) and severe group (n=83). The mean age observed in the population was 59.12 years, with a predominance of males (51.2%). The overall death rate of the patients studied was 42.4% (n=72), being 60.2% (n=50/83) vs. 25.3% (n=22/87) among critically ill patients vs. hospitalized for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Cardiovascular and infectious abnormalities were associated with patients classified as severe (p<0.05). In the multivariate analysis, patients with SARS were 407% more likely to have greater severity. For each unit of increase in indirect bilirubin and urea, at the time of admission, there was a 274% increase and a 2% increase in the chance of hospitalization in severe condition, respectively. Ultimately, it was found that patients with severe COVID-19 admitted to the ICU had considerable mortality and morbidity and a high incidence of SARS, which may have contributed to the outcome of death.El virus SARS-CoV-2 aún mantiene heterogeneidad en relación a los síntomas y la evolución clínica. Así, el objetivo de este estudio fue describir las características del ingreso de pacientes con diagnóstico de COVID-19 en un hospital público, asociadas a la gravedad clínica. Se trata de un estudio transversal en el que participaron 170 pacientes hospitalizados con COVID-19, desde marzo de 2020 hasta diciembre de 2021, distribuidos en dos grupos, según la gravedad de la enfermedad: grupo moderado (n=87) y grupo grave (n=83). La edad media observada en la población fue de 59,12 años, con predominio del sexo masculino (51,2%). La tasa de mortalidad global de los pacientes estudiados fue del 42,4% (n=72), siendo del 60,2% (n=50/83) frente al 25,3% (n=22/87) entre los pacientes críticos frente a los hospitalizados por Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo Severo (SARS). Las anomalías cardiovasculares e infecciosas se asociaron con los pacientes clasificados como graves (p<0,05). En el análisis multivariante, los pacientes con SARS tenían un 407% más de probabilidades de tener una mayor gravedad. Por cada unidad de aumento de bilirrubina indirecta y urea, en el momento del ingreso, hubo un aumento del 274% y un aumento del 2% en la probabilidad de hospitalización en estado grave, respectivamente. Finalmente, se encontró que los pacientes con COVID-19 grave ingresados en la UCI tenían una mortalidad y morbilidad considerables y una alta incidencia de SARS, lo que puede haber contribuido al resultado de la muerte.  O vírus SARS-CoV-2 ainda mantém heterogeneidade em relação à sintomatologia e evolução clínica. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as características da admissão de pacientes com diagnóstico de COVID-19 em um hospital público, associadas com a gravidade clínica. Este é um estudo transversal que envolveu 170 pacientes internados com COVID-19, no período de março de 2020 a dezembro de 2021, alocados em dois grupos, segundo a severidade da doença: grupo moderado (n=87) e grupo grave (n=83). A média de idade observada na população foi de 59,12 anos, com predominância do sexo masculino (51,2%). A taxa geral de óbito dos pacientes estudados foi de 42,4% (n=72), sendo de 60,2% (n=50/83) vs. 25.3% (n=22/87) entre pacientes graves vs. internados por Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave (SRAG). Alterações cardiovasculares e infecciosas foram associadas aos pacientes classificados como graves (p<0.05). Na análise multivariada, pacientes com SRAG apresentaram 407% mais chances de apresentar maior gravidade. A cada unidade de aumento da bilirrubina indireta e ureia, no momento da admissão, ocorreu um aumento de 274% e 2% de chance de internamento em estado grave, respectivamente. Em última análise, constatou-se que pacientes com quadro grave de COVID-19, admitidos na UTI, apresentaram considerável mortalidade e morbidade e alta incidência de SRAG, o que pode ter colaborado para o desfecho de óbito.  O vírus SARS-CoV-2 ainda mantém heterogeneidade em relação à sintomatologia e evolução clínica. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as características da admissão de pacientes com diagnóstico de COVID-19 em um hospital público, associadas com a gravidade clínica. Este é um estudo transversal que envolveu 170 pacientes internados com COVID-19, no período de março de 2020 a dezembro de 2021, alocados em dois grupos, segundo a severidade da doença: grupo moderado (n=87) e grupo grave (n=83). A média de idade observada na população foi de 59,12 anos, com predominância do sexo masculino (51,2%). A taxa geral de óbito dos pacientes estudados foi de 42,4% (n=72), sendo de 60,2% (n=50/83) vs. 25.3% (n=22/87) entre pacientes graves vs. internados por Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave (SRAG). Alterações cardiovasculares e infecciosas foram associadas aos pacientes classificados como graves (p<0.05). Na análise multivariada, pacientes com SRAG apresentaram 407% mais chances de apresentar maior gravidade. A cada unidade de aumento da bilirrubina indireta e ureia, no momento da admissão, ocorreu um aumento de 274% e 2% de chance de internamento em estado grave, respectivamente. Em última análise, constatou-se que pacientes com quadro grave de COVID-19, admitidos na UTI, apresentaram considerável mortalidade e morbidade e alta incidência de SRAG, o que pode ter colaborado para o desfecho de óbito.

Nanopartículas de poli-?-caprolactona contendo TBHQ: desenvolvimento, caracterização e aplicação / Poli nanoparticles-?-caprolacton contents TBHQ: development, characterization and application

Devido à composição química, o biodiesel é muito suscetível à oxidação, tornando necessária a adição de antioxidantes que inibem ou retardam esse processo. Entretanto os antioxidantes ficam expostos à condições que podem degradá-los, reduzindo sua eficiência. Dessa forma, o uso de nanoesferas (NE) surge como alternativa para proporcionar a proteção dos mesmos. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver NE de poli-?-caprolactona contendo o antioxidante terc-butil-hidroquinona e aplicá-las no biodiesel. O método utilizado na produção das NE foi emulsificação-evaporação do solvente e a estabilidade foi avaliada durante 31 dias na estufa à 30°C, sendo analisados o tamanho, polidispersão, potencial zeta, atividade antioxidante e pH durante o período estudado, além da avaliação do tempo de indução do biodiesel contendo as NE. Após o período analisado, as NE sofreram variações estatisticamente significativas no pH (6,20 para 7,63), potencial zeta (-12,50 mV para -13,83 mV) e a atividade antioxidante (84,4 para 51%). Quanto ao TI, a adição das NE ao biodiesel não resultou em variações significativas

Indicadores de saúde e perfil criminal de homens cumprindo pena em regime fechado

Understanding the profile of individual deprived of liberty is essential to work on alternatives that minimize recidivism. Thus, this study aimed screen for health indicators and criminal profile in a sample of prisoners, across a cross-sectional study. Data were collected from 134 individuals from a penitentiary in the Paraná State (Brazil). Sociodemographic variables, health indicators, types of crimes, aggression levels, and recidivism were investigated. In total, it was possible to identify a young population (35,93±12,54 years old), with low education (until 8 years), being crimes against the sexual dignity the most common (29,19%). Health indicators revealed that 11,94% reported excellent health, 16,42% very good, 29,85% good, 29,85% reasonable and 11,19% reported bad health. In relation to nutritional profile, the BMI was 27,37±5,34 kg/m², with a predominance of individuals in eutrophic state (35,07%) and underweight (33,58%). According to mental health, the mean of sleep hours was 7,82±2,38 hours/day and most of individuals presented signs and symptoms of depression (53,1%) and anxiety (41,5%). The significant predictors of a negative self-perception about the own health were the presence of depression (OR = 6,31, 95%CI: 1,39 – 28,54) and anxiety (OR = 4,83, 95%CI: 1,26 – 18,39) which, together, explained around 40% of the outcome. The observed profiled resembles national data with this population, hence highlighting the importance of public policies encouraging education, social reintegration, and professional training for young people so they are not tempted to crimes.Compreender o perfil de indivíduos privados de liberdade é fundamental para trabalhar alternativas que minimizem a reincidência. Assim, o estudo buscou levantar indicadores de saúde e perfil criminal em indivíduos privados de liberdade através de um estudo transversal, envolvendo 134 indivíduos de uma penitenciária do Estado do Paraná, Brasil. Foram analisadas variáveis sociodemográficas, indicadores de saúde, tipos de crimes, níveis de agressividade e reincidência. Ao todo, foi possível identificar um perfil jovem (35.93±12.54 anos), com baixa escolaridade (até 8 anos), sendo o principal crime contra a dignidade sexual (29.19%). Os indicadores de saúde revelaram que 11.94% apresentaram saúde excelente; 16.42% muito boa; 29.85% boa; 29.85% razoável e 11.19% ruim. Quanto ao perfil nutricional, o IMC foi de 27.37±5.34 kg/m², predominando indivíduos em estado de eutrofia (35.07%) e sobrepeso (33.58%). Em relação a saúde mental, a média de horas de sono foi de 7.82±2.38 horas/dia e grande parte dos indivíduos manifestaram sinais e sintomas de depressão (53.1%) e ansiedade (41.5%). Os preditores significativos de uma autopercepção negativa acerca da própria saúde foram a presença de depressão (Razão de chance [RC] = 6.31, IC95%: 1.39 – 28.54) e de ansiedade (RC = 4.83, IC95%: 1.26 – 18.39) que, juntos, explicaram cerca de 40% do desfecho. Logo, observa-se um perfil semelhante ao divulgado por dados nacionais, destacando-se a importância das políticas públicas no incentivo à educação, inserção social e formação profissional dos jovens para que não sejam aliciados pelo mundo do crime

SYMPTOMS OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION, AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH CROHN’S DISEASE

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Crohn’s disease is an idiopathic chronic inflammatory disease. It is classified as an inflammatory bowel disease. Crohn’s disease can change patient quality of life, especially during flares. Crohn’s disease has been associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression, because the clinical symptoms have a high impact on quality of life. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depression in Brazilian patients diagnosed with Crohn’s disease, as well as their quality of life. METHODS: A total of 110 Brazilian patients aged 21-59 years, both genders, with Crohn’s disease were included. The data were collected through questionnaires. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess anxiety and depression symptoms. Quality of life was evaluated using the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, followed by the Duncan post-hoc test and the multiple linear regression test. RESULTS: Of the total, 61.7% of participants reported symptoms of anxiety or depression or both. Regarding quality of life, the majority (43.6%) were classified as “regular” and the minority (3.6%) as “excellent”. Multiple linear regression showed that worse quality of life correlated with greater presence of anxiety and depression symptoms (<0.001). CONCLUSION: Crohn’s disease has considerable impact on quality of life and contributes to the appearance of anxiety and/or depression symptoms

Effect of polycaprolactone nanocapsules loaded with essential oils on biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from bovine mastitis cases

Bovine infectious mastitis is largely resistant to antibacterial treatment, mainly due to mechanisms of bacterial resistance in the biofilms formed by&nbsp;Staphylococcus aureus.&nbsp;Melaleuca (MEO) and citronella essential oils (CEO) are promising agents for reducing or eliminating biofilms. Free melaleuca oil presented a medium Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 0.625% and a Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of 1.250%, while free citronella oil showed medium MIC and MBC of 0.313%. Thus, free CEO and MEO demonstrate bacteriostatic and bactericidal potential. We generated polymeric nanocapsules containing MEO or CEO and evaluated their efficacy at reducing biofilms formed by&nbsp;S. aureus. Glass and polypropylene spheres were used as test surfaces. To compare the responses of free and encapsulated oils, strains were submitted to 10 different procedures, using free and nanoencapsulated essential oils (EOs)&nbsp;in vitro. We observed no biofilm reduction by MEO, free or nanoencapsulated. However, CEO nanocapsules reduced biofilm formation on glass (p=0.03) and showed a tendency to diminish biofilms on polypropylene (p=0.051). Despite nanoencapsulated CEO reducing biofilms&nbsp;in vitro, the formulation could be improved to modify the CEO component polarity and, including MEO, to obtain more interactions with surfaces and the biofilm matrix

Evaluation of oxidative stress level: reactive oxygen species, reduced glutathione, and D-dimer in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19

ABSTRACTElevated D-dimer levels at hospital admission may also indicate a higher likelihood of progressing to a severe or critical state. This study aimed to assess reactive oxygen species (ROS), non-enzymatic antioxidant reduced glutathione (GSH), and D-dimer levels in COVID-19 patients upon admission, examining their association with mortality outcomes. Data was collected from the medical records of 170 patients hospitalized in a referral hospital unit between March 2020 and December 2021. Patients were divided into two groups: the ward bed group (n = 87), comprising 51% with moderate clinical conditions, and the intensive care unit (ICU) group (n = 83), comprising 49% with severe conditions. The mean age was 59.4 years, with a male predominance of 52.4%. The overall death rate was 43%, with 30.6% in the moderate group and 69.4% in the severe group. The average time from symptom onset to hospitalization was 6.42 days. Results showed that non-survivors had high D-dimer and ROS counts, longer ICU stays, and worse saturation levels at admission. In conclusion, elevated ROS and D-dimer levels may contribute to worse outcomes in critically ill patients, potentially serving as specific and sensitive predictors of poor outcomes upon admission