Wolf-Caribou Relationships In A Multiple Ungulate Prey Ecosystem

Thesis (M.S.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 1993Winter wolf (Canis lupus) predation and functional response in wolf - caribou (Rangifer tarandus) dynamics were investigated in a multiple ungulate prey ecosystem in Gates of the Arctic National Park, Alaska. Prey selection, prey availability, prey switching, kill rates, and food availability for 4 wolf packs were estimated in March 1989, March 1990, and November 1990. Estimates for these study periods reflected near record, average, and early winter snow conditions, respectively. Wolves killed predominately caribou even if moose (Alces alces) or Dall sheep (Ovis dalli) were more abundant. Prey selection varied with study period; however, per wolf kill rates and food availability did not. Length of intervals between kills was correlated with pack size and the biomass of the previous kill. Kill rates indicated a destabilizing Type II functional response. Modeling with a linear numerical response revealed wolf predation to be an increasingly important limiting factor at low caribou densities. However, little potential for regulation of caribou by wolves was observed. <p

Cross Transfer Effects Utilizing a Unilateral Maximal Isometric Strength Measurement Schedule

The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of strength transferred to the unexercised contralateral wrist flexor muscle group utilizing a unilateral maximal isometric strength measurement schedule with college men. Twenty right-handed male college freshmen were selected as subjects for this study. A cable tensiometer and associated equipment was utilized as the measuring instrument for maximal isometric strength of the wrist flexor muscles. Each subject was given a pre-test to obtain the initial strength of each wrist flexor muscle group. Following the pre-test a fourteen-day interval was allowed, during which the subjects were placed into two matched groups on the basis of their total pre-test scores. Group “A” was measured with the left hand first for five consecutive days and subsequently with the right hand for five consecutive days. Group B” was measured in reverse order, right hand to left hand. A two-day rest period separated the five day unilateral measurement programs. All daily treatments consisted of five trials maximal one minute apart, and took place between the time of 10:00 A.M. and 12:00 Noon. The t-test for paired observations resulted in non-significant t\u27s between the pre- test mean scores and the day one mean scores in all four unilateral measurement programs. The treatments by subject’s analysis of variance design resulted in only the left hand of group A demonstrating a statistically significant strength change. In this unilateral program only day one differed significantly from days two, four, and five. As non-significant t’s occurred between the pre-test mean scores and the day one mean scores of the second measured hand, it was concluded that no cross transfer of strength occurred. On the basis of the data and within the limitations of this study the following conclusions seem warranted: 1. the repeated maximal isometric measurement schedules of short duration are satisfactory in a reliability sense for measuring the maximal strength of the wrist flexor muscles in a test re-test situation fourteen days apart. 2. The repeated maximal isometric measurement schedules are not capable of eliciting significant increases in strength potentialities of the exercised muscles during a five day measurement program. 3. No transfer effects of strength potentialities to the contralateral limb resulted as the exercised muscle group itself failed to demonstrate a significant increase in exerted strength

ZORA NEALE HURSTONS THIER EYES WERE WATCHING GOD AND OTHER WORKS: THE CATALYST FOR UNDERSTANDING IMBALANCES OF BLACK LOVE AS SEEN IN POP CULTURE

The state of African American romantic love and marriage has garnered increased scrutiny over the last 20 years, sparking great attention among scholarly studies, pop culture, and mainstream media to combat marriage decline. African American literature offers a complex view of marriage and romantic love via the works of Zora Neale Hurston as early as the 1930s that predates other studies. Hurstons Their Eyes Were Watching God and Hitting a Straight Lick with a Crooked Stick are the catalysts for understanding black romantic love, questions of marriage, and concerns about black male and female relationships then and now. A close read of Hurstons works and studies of African American romantic love and marriage, via statistics and mainstream media, reveals the complexities of how black love is studied under the umbrella of marriage. This work argues that Hurstons point of view impacts current studies and sheds light on representations of black love. Keywords: Zora Neale Hurston, black love, African American marriage, marriage decline, romantic love

Leadership and leadership development in the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Tanzania, Africa : an investigation into practices and processes in the Meru Diocese

https://place.asburyseminary.edu/ecommonsatsdissertations/1733/thumbnail.jp

The sexual health needs of looked after young people; findings from qualitative interviews led through public health and health psychology.

Background - Looked after young people (LAYP) have poorer sexual health outcomes than their peers. However, research seldom examines the health needs of, or intervenes with, this group. The aim of the current study was to identify LAYP's perceived sexual health needs and explore sources of sexual health information, knowledge levels, concerns and service preferences. Methods - Looked after young people within Fife, Scotland, were recruited through their workers and carers to participate in qualitative semi-structured interviews. Those aged 12–19 years were targeted for recruitment. National Health Services ethics approval was granted. Thematic analysis was conducted using NVivo. Results - Interviews were conducted with 10 LAYP. Key themes included gaps in knowledge, and gaps between knowledge and behaviour. Being ‘looked after’ may have negative consequences on knowledge, sources of support and safer sex. A flexible, one-to-one service, aimed at several lifestyle issues, not solely sexual health, was preferred by respondents. Conclusion - Looked after young people require support to bridge the gap between knowledge and behaviour and several theories relevant to the findings have been identified. Participants desired more support around a range of health issues, which may come from school, workers and carers, as well as health professionals. Further research examining effective interventions with this group is crucial to improve outcomes