6,567 research outputs found
ΠΠ΄Π° Π² Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅: ΠΎΡ Π Π΄ΠΎ Π―
Π‘Π»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π. ΠΠΎΠ»Π±ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄Ρ, Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ². Π ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ, ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π°ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ.Π‘Π»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΊΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² (Ρ. 372-381), ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π»Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ (Ρ. 382-394), ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ (Ρ. 395-408)
ΠΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½: ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π³Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ
Π ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡ Π»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ° ΡΠΏΠΎΡ
ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°, Π³Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² Π² ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΈ, Π‘ΠΈΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ»Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡ
Ρ, Π³Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΡΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌ Π² ΠΠΈΠ·Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π·Π°Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΡ
Π½ΠΈ.ΠΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ½Π°Π±ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² (Ρ. 287-296), ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² (Ρ. 297-309), ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ (Ρ. 310-320)
Synergistic growth factor microenvironments
Growth factors (GF) are remarkably powerful signalling molecules that orchestrate developmental biology. GFs are currently used in medjcal applications with limited success but it is clear that if their potential can be harnessed for biomedicine then they could underpin the discipline of regenerative medicine. However, while we understand that biology uses cell-secreted growth factors tethered to the ECM, biologists typically employ GFs in soluble format at high concentrations. When used in vivo, this causes off-target, unwanted effects, which severely limits their use. There is a vast amount of literature dealing with material systems that control the delivery of GFs. However, it was soon observed that GFs could be more effectively presented bound to surfaces from a solid-phase state rather than in soluble form, recapitulating the way the extracellular matrix (ECM) binds GFs. In parallel, evidence was found that within the ECM, GFs can actually work in cooperation with integrins and that this produced ehnaced GF signalling due to the crosstalk between both receptors. Recently this knowledge was used to engineer microenvironments that target simultaneous integrin and GF receptor engagement seeking to maximise GF effects in vitro (e.g. in terms of stem cell differentiation) but also tissue repair in vivo (e.g. bone regeneration and wound healing). This feature article introduces the concept of synergistic GF/integrin signalling and then introduces GF delivery systems that were key in the development of more advanced synergistic growth factor microenvironments
A comparative proteomic analysis of the simple aminoacid repeat distributions in Plasmodia reveals lineagespecific amino acid selection
Background: Microsatellites have been used extensively in the field of comparative genomics. By studying microsatellites in coding regions we have a simple model of how genotypic changes undergo selection as they are directly expressed in the phenotype as altered proteins. The simplest of these tandem repeats in coding regions are the tri-nucleotide repeats which produce a repeat of a single amino acid when translated into proteins. Tri-nucleotide repeats are often disease associated, and are also known to be unstable to both expansion and contraction. This makes them sensitive markers for studying proteome evolution, in closely related species.
Results: The evolutionary history of the family of malarial causing parasites Plasmodia is complex because of the life-cycle of the organism, where it interacts with a number of different hosts and goes through a series of tissue specific stages. This study shows that the divergence between the primate and rodent malarial parasites has resulted in a lineage specific change in the simple amino acid repeat distribution that is correlated to AβT content. The paper also shows that this altered use of amino acids in SAARs is consistent with the repeat distributions being under selective pressure. Conclusions: The study shows that simple amino acid repeat distributions can be used to group related species and to examine their phylogenetic relationships. This study also shows that an outgroup species with a similar AβT content can be distinguished based only on the amino acid usage in repeats, and suggest that this might be a useful feature for proteome clustering. The lineage specific use of amino acids in repeat regions suggests that comparative studies of SAAR distributions between proteomes gives an insight into the mechanisms of expansion and the selective pressures acting on the organism
The Relationship Between Agency Characteristics and Quality of Home Care
ABSTRACT. Background. This project assessed the relationship between home care quality indicators HCQIs) and agency characteristics. Methods. Twelve agencies completed a mailed survey on a variety of characteristics, including size of their caseload and for-profit (FP) status of contracted service providers. The HCQIs were derived from standardized assessments completed voluntarily for home care clients in Ontario and in Manitoba, Canada. Results. The average caseload was 121.3 clients per case manager, and over 40% of nursing, personal support and therapy providers were considered FP. For individual HCQIs, few correlations were statistically significant. An overall summary measure of quality was correlated with the size of the population served (r = _0.80; p \u3c 0.05) and the number of clients per case manager (r = _0.56; p \u3c 0.1). Conclusion. These data represent unique information on home care quality and organizational characteristics in Canada. The question remains as to how best to use HCQI data to inform practice in an era of limited resources and increasing caseloads
Evolutionary analysis of the TPP-dependent enzyme family
The evolutionary relationships of the thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)-dependent family of enzymes was investigated by generation of a neighbor joining phylogenetic tree using sequences from the conserved pyrophosphate (PP) and pyrimidine (Pyr) binding domains of 17 TPP-dependent enzymes. This represents the most comprehensive analysis of TPP-dependent enzyme evolution to date. The phylogeny was shown to be robust by comparison with maximum likelihood trees generated for each individual enzyme and also broadly confirms the evolutionary history proposed recently from structural comparisons alone (Duggleby 2006). The phylogeny is most parsimonious with the TPP enzymes having arisen from a homotetramer which subsequently diverged into an Ξ±2Ξ²2 heterotetramer. The relationship between the PP- and Pyr-domains and the recruitment of additional protein domains was examined using the transketolase C-terminal (TKC)-domain as an example. This domain has been recruited by several members of the family and yet forms no part of the active site and has unknown function. Removal of the TKC-domain was found to increase activity toward Ξ²-hydroxypyruvate and glycolaldehyde. Further truncations of the Pyr-domain yielded several variants with retained activity. This suggests that the influence of TKC-domain recruitment on the evolution of the mechanism and specificity of transketolase (TK) has been minor, and that the smallest functioning unit of TK comprises the PP- and Pyr-domains, whose evolutionary histories extend to all TPP-dependent enzymes
Blast disease in ryegrass is similar to rice blast in regard to infection cell biology
Magnaporthe oryzae has been devastating to various grasses. This is especially true in food crops around the globe. Resistance has been implemented but has not been completely successful due to the variability of the fungus. It is hypothesized that this is due in part to the presence of disposable mini-chromosomes. Ryegrass blast pathogen is closely related to the dangerous, emerging wheat blast pathogen, and understanding it can help us understand wheat blast as well as pathogen variability. The ryegrass pathogen on its own recently emerged as a serious threat to golf courses and sports fields in the U.S. Hypothesis: The ryegrass pathogen uses the same biotrophic (live-cell) invasion strategy as the extensively-studied rice blast pathogen
Designing stem cell niches for differentiation and self-renewal
Mesenchymal stem cells, characterized by their ability to differentiate into skeletal tissues and self-renew, hold great promise for both regenerative medicine and novel therapeutic discovery. However, their regenerative capacity is retained only when in contact with their specialized microenvironment, termed the stem cell niche. Niches provide structural and functional cues that are both biochemical and biophysical, stem cells integrate this complex array of signals with intrinsic regulatory networks to meet physiological demands. Although, some of these regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood or difficult to harness with traditional culture systems. Biomaterial strategies are being developed that aim to recapitulate stem cell niches, by engineering microenvironments with physiological-like niche properties that aim to elucidate stem cell-regulatory mechanisms, and to harness their regenerative capacity in vitro. In the future, engineered niches will prove important tools for both regenerative medicine and therapeutic discoveries
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