Depressão em estomizados: avaliação a partir da escala de Hamilton

Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantiqualitativa descritiva. Participaram da pesquisa 32 pacientes estomizados cadastrados na associação dos estomizados da região carbonífera – Criciúma. Aplicou-se instrumento para identificar perfil dos pacientes e a  Escala de Hamilton. A discussão ocorreu a luz de refenciais consultados.  Resultados e conclusões: Dos 32 pacientes avaliados, 65,2% (15) não apresentam tristeza ou desesperança; 95,7% (22) não apresentam nenhum sentimento de culpa; 4,3% (1) já tentou suicídio e 4,3% (1) já apresentou ideia ou gestos suicida; 21,7% (5) queixa-se de dificuldade para conciliar o sono todas as noites; 26,1% (6) acordam à noite; 4,3% (1) são incapazes de voltar a conciliar o sono se deixar a cama; 4,3% (1)  tem pensamento e sentimentos de incapacidade, fadiga ou fraqueza relacionada a atividades, trabalho ou passatempos, 17,4% manifesta perda de interesse por atividades, 4,3% (1) parou de trabalhar devido à doença atual. É necessário trabalho de prevenção a depressão e ansiedade em pacientes estomizados

DEMANDA DE UM PRONTO ATENDIMENTO 24 HORAS NO SUL DE SANTA CATARINA

Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualiquantitativa, descritiva de campo, tendo como objetivo auxiliar na implantação da rede de urgência e emergência de um município do Sul de Santa Catarina; Identificar a demanda de um Pronto Atendimento 24 horas. Foirealizada a partir de entrevistas com 153 atores sociais entrevistados entre os dias 20 ate 28 de junho de 2013

The role of neurotrophic factors in manic-, anxious- and depressive-like behaviors induced by amphetamine sensitization: implications to the animal model of bipolar disorder

Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) and substance use disorders share common symptoms, such as behavioral sensitization. Amphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization can serve as an animal model of BD. Neurotrophic factors have an important role in BD pathophysiology. This study evaluated the effects of amphetamine sensitization on behavior and neurotrophic factor levels in the brains of rats.Methods: Wistar rats received daily intraperitoneal (i.p) injections of dextroamphetamine (D-AMPH) 2 mg/kg or saline for 14 days. After seven days of withdrawal, the animals were challenged with D-AMPH (0.5 mg/kg, i.p) and locomotor behavior was assessed. In a second protocol, rats were similarly treated with D-AMPH (2 mg/kg, i.p) for 14 days. After withdrawal, without D-AMPH challenge, depressive-and anxiety-like behaviors were evaluated through forced swimming test and elevated plus maze. Levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin 3 (NT-3), neurotrophin 4/5 (NT-4/5) and glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) were evaluated in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum.Results: D-AMPH for 14 days augmented locomotor sensitization to a lower dose of D-AMPH (0.5 mg/kg) after the withdrawal. D-AMPH withdrawal induced depressive-and anxious-like behaviors. BDNF, NGF, and GDNF levels were decreased, while NT-3 and NT-4 levels were increased in brains after D-AMPH sensitization.Limitations: Although D-AMPH induces manic-like behavior, the mechanisms underlying these effects can also be related to phenotypes of drug abuse.Conclusions: Together, vulnerability to mania-like behavior following D-AMPH challenge and extensive neurotrophic alterations, suggest amphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization is a good model of BD pathophysiology

Role of epigenetic regulatory enzymes in animal models of mania induced by amphetamine and paradoxical sleep deprivation

It is known that bipolar disorder has a multifactorial aetiology where the interaction between genetic and environmental factors is responsible for its development. Because of this, epigenetics has been largely studied in psychiatric disorders. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of histone deacetylase inhibitors on epigenetic enzyme alterations in rats or mice submitted to animal models of mania induced by dextro-amphetamine or sleep deprivation, respectively. Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to 14\ua0days of dextro-amphetamine administration, and from the eighth to the fourteenth day, the animals were treated with valproate and sodium butyrate in addition to dextro-amphetamine injections. Adult C57BL/6 mice received 7\ua0days of valproate or sodium butyrate administration, being sleep deprived at the last 36\ua0hr of the protocol. Locomotor and exploratory activities of rats and mice were evaluated in the open-field test, and histone deacetylase, DNA methyltransferase, and histone acetyltransferase activities were assessed in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum. Dextro-amphetamine and sleep deprivation induced hyperactivity and increased histone deacetylase and DNA methyltransferase activities in the animal's brain. Valproate and sodium butyrate were able to reverse hyperlocomotion induced by both animal models, as well as the alterations on histone deacetylase and DNA methyltransferase activities. There was a positive correlation between enzyme activities and number of crossings for both models. Histone deacetylase and DNA methyltransferase activities also presented a positive correlation between theirselves. These results suggest that epigenetics can play an important role in BD pathophysiology as well as in its treatment

Efficacy of folic acid as an adjunct to lithium therapy on manic-like behaviors, oxidative stress and inflammatory parameters in an animal model of mania

Evaluate the efficacy of folic acid (FA) as a therapeutic adjunct to lithium (Li) on the manic-like behaviors as well as parameters of oxidative stress and inflammation in an animal model of mania induced by m-amphetamine (m-AMPH). Wistar rats first received m-AMPH or saline (NaCl 0.9%, Sal) for 14\ua0days. Between the 8th and 14th day, rats were treated with water, Li, FA or a combination of thereof drugs (Li + FA). Manic-like behaviors were assessed in the open-field test. Oxidative stress and inflammation parameters were assessed in the frontal cortex, striatum, and hippocampus. Administration of m-AMPH in rats significantly enhanced the exploratory and locomotor behaviors, as well as the risk-taking and stereotypic behaviors. Li + FA reversed these behavioral alterations elicited by m-AMPH. Administration of this psychostimulant also increased oxidative damage to lipids and proteins, whereas Li + FA reversed these oxidative damages. m-AMPH also induced an increase in the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and a decrease in the glutathione reductase (GR) activity. Li + FA reversed the alteration in GR activity, but not in GPx activity. In addition, m-AMPH increased the IL-1β and TNF-α levels in the rat brain; Li + FA combined therapy reversed the alterations on these inflammatory parameters. FA administration per se reduced the increased TNF-α content induced by m-AMPH. Present study provides evidence that FA is effective as an adjunct to Li standard therapy on manic-like behaviors, oxidative stress and inflammatory parameters in a model of mania induced by m-AMPH

Resumos concluídos - Enfermagem

Resumos concluídos - Enfermage