Uticaj mineralnog adsorbenta 'Minazel' na smanjenje rezidua zearalenona i njegovih metabolita u mleku krava

The results of the use of mineral adsorbent - Minazel, preparation based on the natural zeolite, in the prevention of mycotoxicoses and avoidance of zearalenone and its metabolites transfer into cow´s milk were described in this paper. Using mineral adsorbent Minazel at the concentration of 0,5% of concentrate mixture the transfer of zearalenone from feeds to milk was prevented.U radu su prikazani rezultati korišćenja adsorbenta mikotoksina - Minazel preparata na bazi prirodnog zeolita, u prevenciji mikotoksikoza i sprečavanju prelaska (akumuliranja) zearalenona i njegovih metabolita u mleku krava. Mikotoksikološkim analizama mleka utvrđeno je da je prisustvo zearalenona u mleku (0,053; 0,019 i 0,004 mg/kg) opadalo sa povećanjem količine Minazela u koncentratu (0; 0,2; 0,5), što uz ostvareno povećanje proizvodnje mleka opravdava njegovo korišćenje

Uticaj mineralnog adsorbenta 'Minazel” na smanjenje rezidua zearalenona i njegovih metabolita u mleku krava

The results of the use of mineral adsorbent - Minazel, a preparation based on natural zeolite, in the prevention of mycotoxicoses and avoidance of zearalenone and its metabolites transfer into cow's milk were described in this paper. Using mineral adsorbent Minazel in a concentration of 0.5% of concentrate mixture the transfer of zearalenone from feeds to milk was prevented.U radu su prikazani rezultati korišćenja adsorbenta mikotoksina - Minazel, preparata na bazi prirodnog zeolita, u prevenciji mikotoksikoza i sprečavanju prelaska (akumuliranja) zearalenona i njegovih metabolita u mleko krava. Mikotoksikološkim analizama mleka utvrđeno je da je prisustvo zearalenona u mleku (0,053; 0,019 i 0,004 mg/kg) opadalo sa povećanjem količine Minazela u koncentratu (0; 0,2; 0,5), što uz ostvareno povećanje proizvodnje mleka opravdava njegovo korišćenje

Mogućnost adsorpcije mikotoksina (aflatoksin M1 i M2) u jogurtu adsorbentima na bazi prirodnog i modifikovanog zeolita

Ways of milk contamination with mycotoxins, harmful effects of mycotoxins, as well as the possibilities for decontamination of mycotoxin contaminated milk are presented in this paper. The research results of efficacy of absorption of aflatoxins M1 and M2 in yogurt by natural and modified zeolite (clinoptilolite) are presented. In laboratory conditions, two amounts of both absorbents (0,2 and 0,6%), with and without addition of sodium caseinate were applied. It was determined that both absorbents had high efficiency for aflatoxin M1 and M2 absorption. The efficiency was higher without addition of sodium caseinate, and absorption of both aflatoxins was slightly higher on modified zeolite. Compared with lower amount of absorbents (0,2%), the higher amount of both adsorbents (0,6%) showed higher adsorption of aflatoxin M1 and M2. The sedimentation of absorbents in yogurt was not observed. The constant control, the prevention of contamination of milk with mycotoxins during the production proccess, together with utilization of absorbents, may be the an alternative way of food protection against the harmful effects of mycotoxins.U radu je dat prikaz rezultata ispitivanja efikasnosti adsorpcije aflatoksina M1 i M2 u jogurtu korišćenjem prirodnog i modifikovanog zeolita (klinoptilolita). Ispitivane su dve doze prirodnog i modifikovanog zeolita (0, 2 i 0, 6 %) sa i bez dodatka natrijum kazeinata. Utvrđeno je da oba adsorbenta imaju visok stepen adsorpcije aflatoksina M1 i M2 u jogurtu. Njihova efikasnost je bila veća bez dodatka natrijum kazeinata, pri čemu je modifikovani zeolit dao povoljnije rezultate (>80%). Povećana doza (0,6 %) oba adsorbenata u odnosu na manju dozu (0,2%) imala je i veću efikasnost adsorpcije aflatoksina M1 i M2. Nisu primećeni tragovi taloženja adsorbenta u jogurtu. Dalje ispitivanje i usavršavanje ovog postupka adsorpcije može da doprinese većem izboru alternativnih rešenja u zaštiti potrošača od mikotoksina

Efikasnost primene preparata na bazi zeolita u obrocima jagnjadi u tovu

The paper presents results of investigations of the effect of a preparation based on natural zeolite on production results of fattening lambs. The experiment was performed on two groups of lamps (control – K and experimental – O), 15 animals per group, and for a duration of 90 days. The diet ration consisted of sheeps’ milk, a compound mix for fattening lambs, and meadow hay. Lambs of the experimental group, contrary to those of the control group were administered preparations based on natural zeolite. The preparation Min-a-Zel® S (in the form of 25% suspension) was administered to lambs from birth until the 14th day of life, directly into the mouth, once daily (before the morning meal), 10 ml each. Min-a-Zel Plus was administered starting from the 15th day by adding it to the fodder mix (0.5%). Feeding was ad libitum. The average body mass of lambs at the end of the experiment, according to the sequence of treatments (K:O), was 24.40:26.94 kg (P<0.01). The daily groth of the lambs, during the course of the experiment, was 229:256 g, and was 27 g or 11.79% higher (P<0.01) in the experimental group. The experimental group had better utilization of dry matter, proteins and energy, which indicates that the use of a preparation based on natural zeolite in the diet of fattening lambs is justified.U radu su prikazani rezultati istraživanja o uticaju preparata na bazi prirodnog zeolita na proizvodne rezultate jagnjadi u tovu. Ogled je izveden na dve grupe jagnjadi (kontrolna – K i ogledna – O), po 15 grla, u trajanju od 90 dana. Obrok se sastojao od ovčijeg mleka, krmne smeše za tov jagnjadi i livadskog sena. Jagnjad ogledne grupe, za razliku od kontrolne, dobijala su preparate na bazi prirodnog zeolita. Preparat Min-a-Zel®S (u obliku 25% suspenzije) jagnjad je dobijala od rođenja do 14. dana života, direktno u usta, jednom dnevno, (pre jutarnjeg napajanja), po 10 ml. Min-a-Zel® Plus im se davao počev od 15. dana uzrasta na taj način {to je bio je uključen u krmnu smešu (0,5%). Ishrana je bila po volji. Prosečna telesna masa jagnjadi na kraju ogleda, prema redosledu tretmana (K:O), bila je 24,40:26,94 kg (P<0,01). Dnevni prirast jagnjadi, tokom ogleda, bio je 229:256 g i u oglednoj grupi je bio veći za 27 g ili 11,79 posto (P<0,01). Jagnjad ogledne grupe je imala bolje iskorišćavanje suve materije, proteina i energije što ukazuje na opravdanost korišćenja preparata na bazi prirodnog zeolita kod jagnjadi u tovu

Mineralogy and crystallographic properties of heu-type zeolitic tuff from the novakovic deposit, Bosnia and Herzegovina

This paper presents mineralogical and crystallographic characterization of the zeolitic tuff from the Novakovic deposit, Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The zeolitic tuff is of a whitish color composed of Ca-clinoptilolite and an amorphous phase (volcanic glass and amorphous SiO 2 ). The zeolitic tuff was analyzed by X-ray diffraction of the polycrystalline sample (XRPD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), and differential thermal and thermogravimetric (DTA/DTG) methods. According to the results obtained, it can be concluded that the studied zeolitic tuff is composed of Heu-type minerals. Based on the chemical analysis, thermal treatment and XRPD analysis it was determined that this is a mineral Ca-clinoptilolite. Thermal analysis in the temperature range from 300 up to 700°C showed that the examined zeolite minerals from the Novaković deposit are stable up to the temperature of 600°C. The crystal structure of Ca-clinoptilolite has been refined in the centrosymmetric space group C2/m (S.G. 12) with disordered distribution of Al and Si in the tetrahedral framework. The unit-cell parameters are as follows: a = 17.662 Å, b = 17.874 Å, c = 7.402 Å, β = 116.32° and V = 2122.73 Å 3 . The basic structural motif is represented by four channels. Three channels are composed of eight-membered rings, and one of ten-membered rings. The ten-membered (channel A) and one eight-membered channel (B) are parallel to the crystallographic axis c, and the other eight-membered channel is parallel to the a-axis. Ca-clinoptilolite comprises approximately 90 % of the studied zeolite tuff while the rest 10 % is the amorphous phase. The overall cation exchange capacity (CEC) amounts to 187 mmolM + / 100 g, and calcium represents the most abundant cation in the studied sample. The atomic ratios of Si/Al, Na + /(Na + +K + ), and Ca 2+ /(Ca 2+ +Mg 2+ ) are as follows: 4.36, 0.14, and 0.55, respectively. The zeolite tuff is both thermally and structurally stable and has applications in various areas of industry and agriculture. © 2018, Association of Chemists and Chemical Engineers of Serbia. All rights reserved

Mycotoxins in the silage: Causes of creating, aftermath and protection from acting

The causes of appearance of mold in the silage, genus and species of fungi which biosynthesize mycotoxins, acting consequences of micotoxins, prevention of fungi growth and possibilities to prevent their negative effects are shown in this paper. Also, the results of mycotoxins presence in the silage (corn and lucerne) in Vojvodina in the period 2000-2004 are presented. The most commonly found mycotoxins were zearale-none in 60.6% of analyzed samples and DAS in 30.3% of samples. Silage contamination with ochratoxin A, aflatoxin B1 and T-2 toxin was between 15.2 and 21.2%. The content of mycotoxins DAS and T2 toxin was above the values allowed by regulative. The solutions which contribute to the prevention of development of the molds and elimination of negative effects of mycotoxins in silage were analyzed and suggested

Mikotoksini u silaži - uzroci stvaranja, posledice i zaštita od delovanja

The causes of appearance of mold in the silage, genus and species of fungi which biosynthesize mycotoxins, acting consequences of micotoxins, prevention of fungi growth and possibilities to prevent their negative effects are shown in this paper. Also, the results of mycotoxins presence in the silage (corn and lucerne) in Vojvodina in the period 2000-2004 are presented. The most commonly found mycotoxins were zearale-none in 60.6% of analyzed samples and DAS in 30.3% of samples. Silage contamination with ochratoxin A, aflatoxin B1 and T-2 toxin was between 15.2 and 21.2%. The content of mycotoxins DAS and T2 toxin was above the values allowed by regulative. The solutions which contribute to the prevention of development of the molds and elimination of negative effects of mycotoxins in silage were analyzed and suggested.U radu se ukazuje na uzroke pojave plesni u silaži, rodove/vrste plesni koje biosintetišu mikotoksine, posledice njihovog delovanja, mere sprečavanja razvoja i mogućnosti otklanjanja štetnog uticaja. Istaknuto je da usled propusta u tehnologiji siliranja (nedovoljno gaženje, prisustvo vazduha) pri vlažnosti mase za siliranje, postoje povoljni uslovi za razvoj plesni koje biosintetišu toksine štetne po zdravlje životinja i ljudi. Oni mogu da izazovu zdravstvene poremećaje uključujući i patohistološke promene na organima i tkivima deponuju se u proizvodima (mleku, mesu i jajima) i na taj način ugroze zdravlje ljudi. U radu su izloženi rezultati prisustva mikotoksina u silaži (kukuruz i lucerka) u Vojvodini u periodu 2000-2004. Najčešće prisutan mikotoksin bio je zearalenon u 60,6% analiziranih uzoraka, a potom DAS u 30,3% uzoraka. Kontaminiranost silaže ohratoksinom A, aflatoksinom B1 i T-2 toksinom bila je između 15,2 i 21,2%. Sadržaj mikotoksina DAS i T-2 toksina bio je na granici ili iznad vrednosti koje dozvoljava Pravilnik (Službeni list SRJ, br. 2/90). Vrednosti za ostale mikotoksine bile su ispod maksimalno dozvoljenih količina. Analizirana su i predložena rešenja koja doprinose suzbijanju razvoja plesni i mikotoksina

Surface adsorption of stearic acid by natural calcite

In order to obtain hydrophobic material, the surface of natural limestone with the high content of calcite (&gt;95%), was treated with 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3 and 4% of stearic acid. Two methods were used for modification: the solution method and the dry coating. The obtained products were characterized using the thermal analysis (DT/TG), X-ray powder diffraction analysis (XRPD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and by the evaluation of floating test. Results of floating test showed that when the solution method was applied, the hydrophobicity arrived at above 99% when the amount of stearic acid was 1.5%, while with the dry coating the same hydrophobicity was achieved with 3% of stearic acid. From the position of the principal exothermic peak (&gt; 310 °C) at DTA curves, for calcites modified with dry coating and with the solution method, it can be concluded that with both modification processes, the same active sites exist at the calcite surface onto which stearic acid may be chemisorbed. However, the position and the intensity of the other exothermic peaks, indicate the differences in bonding of stearic acid at the calcite surface during the solution method and the dry coating

Influence of the type of exchangeable cation on the electrolytic conductivity of bentonite suspensions

The electrolytic conductivity of bentonite aqueous suspensions was investigated. The starting material (Ca-Mont) was exchanged with sodium ions, using an ion exchange column. The sodium form of bentonite (Na-Mont) was used to obtain organobentonites. The electrolytic conductivity of the starting material, Na-Mont and organobentonites was studied for different suspension concentration. The highest value of the electrolytic conductivity was obtained for Na-Mont, while the organic cation in the bentonite structure decreased the electrolytic conductivity

Influence of selective acid-etching on functionality of halloysite-chitosan nanocontainers for sustained drug release

The functionality of halloysite (Hal) nanotubes as drug carriers can be improved by lumen enlargement and polymer modification. This study investigates the influence of selective acid etching on Hal functionalization with cationic biopolymer chitosan. Hal was subjected to lumen etching under mild conditions, loaded under vacuum with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug aceclofenac, and incubated in an acidic solution of chitosan. The functionality of pristine and etched Hal before and upon polymer functionalization was assessed by ζ-potential measurements, structural characterization (FT-IR, DSC and XRPD analysis), cell viability assay, drug loading and drug release studies. Acid etching increased specific surface area, pore volume and pore size of Hal, decreased ζ-potential and facilitated binding of the cationic polymer. XRPD and DSC analysis revealed crystalline structure of etched Hal. Successful chitosan binding and drug entrapment were further confirmed by FT-IR and DSC studies. XRPD showed surface polymer binding. DSC and FT-IR analyses confirmed the presence of the entrapped drug in its crystalline form. Drug loading was increased for ≈81% by selective lumen etching. Slight decrease of drug content occurred during chitosan functionalization due to aceclofenac diffusion in the polymer solution. The drug release was more sustained from etched Hal nanocomposites (up to ≈87% for 12 h) than from pristine Hal (up to ≈97% for 12 h) due to more intensive chitosan binding. High human fibroblast survival rates upon exposure to pristine and etched Hal before and after chitosan functionalization (>90% in the concentration of 1000 μg/mL) confirmed that both lumen etching under mild conditions and polymer functionalization had no significant effect on cytocompatibility. Based on these findings, selective lumen etching in combination with polycation modification appears to be a promising approach for improvement of Hal nanotubes functionality by increasing payload, polymer binding capacity, and sustained release properties with no significant effect on their cytocompatibility