The Miocene Carbonate crash: Shifts in carbonate preservation and contribution of calcareous plankton

This thesis documents sedimentary changes in the middle to late Miocene of the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean basins. This time interval known as the carbonate crash interval (12-9Ma) displays a severe perturbation of the carbonate system in the framework of the major Cenozoic cooling accompanied by changes in circulation mode, global nutrient shifts, plankton size changes and stratification of the ocean basins. These developments led to modern patterns of biogenic sediment distribution and ecological niches. The main goal of this work was to investigate control mechanisms on Carbonate-Crash-events (CC-events) and to find hints to major discrepancies concerning timing and strength of these events. For this purpose carbonate preservation proxies and carbonate budgets were investigated and evaluated in the Atlantic at the Ceará Rise in a depth transect (ODP sites 926, 927 and 928). The data show that the dissolution occurred in a broad zone between the foraminiferal lysocline at 3300 m depth and the carbonate compensation depth (CCD) at about 4000 m water depth. Detailed mass losses of coccoliths and foraminifer carbonate were calculated among sites. Dissolution is evident throughout the record however preservation seems to increase in correspondence to Northern Component water formation (precursor of North Atlantic Deep water). Productivity decreases of calcareous plankton productivity here (centered at about 9.5 Ma) seem to be as well a factor controlling CC-events during the late Miocene. Furthermore the evaluation of preservation proxies from the coarse calcareous silt fraction (CSmean and CS percent) showed that the fragmentation of foraminifera is probably a more suitable indicator of carbonate dissolution. CSmean and CSpercent did not reproduce the depth dependant carbonate dissolution, which was evident in all other parameters (carbonate content, coarse fraction content, foraminiferal fragmentation). The comparison of Ceará Rise coarse fraction records to Caribbean Site 999 showed in contrast to earlier results preservation in phase. The contrasting results obtained from comparison of Ceará Rise records with the Caribbean led to a revision concerning CC-events especially in key locations of the Pacific and Indian Ocean. The productivity decreases in the beginning of the CC-can be assigned to a shift from La Niña-like to El Niñolike conditions, imprinted in the sediments off Baja California and in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific (EEP). Own data from the SE Pacific (ODP Site 1237) in offshore Peru/Chile provided evidence for enhanced dissolution starting at about 10.5 to 10.3 Ma.. This trend is possibly indicating the influx of corrosive southern sourced waters coupled to better carbonate preservation in the Atlantic. Hence significant basin to basin fractionation is evident. The end of the CC is characterized by a change to better preservation at the same time in the low latitude Caribbean, the Pacific and the Indian Ocean at about 9.5 Ma at similar II water depths (~3000 m). Nannofossil productivity decreases were at least important in the Atlantic in the late phase of the CC. Restructuring of plankton communities driven by the paleoceanographic revolution during the CC-events may have resulted quite often in productivity decreases, which however are confirmed only by few case studies. Budgeting of calcareous nannoplankton seems desirable. Especially during carbonate crash events bigger nannofossils the discoaster nannoliths comprise an important part of the sediments, in order to budget these nannoltihs 3-d models of 11 Neogene discoaster morphologies as well as Sphenolithus nannoliths based on morphometric measurements were set up and applied in a test studie on samples of Ceará Rise ranging from 8.6 to 3.3 Ma to. The significance of carbonate contribution exceeds by far their abundance. A rather abrupt abundance decrease of discoaster nannoliths was found in low latitude sediments of ODP sites from the Indian Ocean and the equatorial Pacific associated with the small Reticulofenestra umbilicus- interval (starting at 8.85 Ma). This event is associated with rising MAR in these key locations initiating the transition from the carbonate draught period of the CC-events to the period of the biogenic bloom

Annual report

Abans del 2006, l'empresa s'anomenava DaimlerChrysle

Daimler sustainability report

L'exemplar del 2010 porta el títol de Facts on sustainability

Impacto de la subida de fletes y servicios logísticos que aumentarán precios a clientes por escasez de contenedores

Con la emergencia sanitaria mundial inédita del covid-19, muchísimas empresas, industriales y distribuidores fueron afectados con cierres y restricciones, debido al contagio y disposiciones de las autoridades de salud y la oms, en los diferentes países; aquellas que abrieron postpandemia seguían sufriendo la falta de colaboradores por los contagios, que todavía continuaban, obviamente esta situación afectaba la productividad y envío de mercancías o productos; incluyendo todas las formas de transporte de carga

Systematic Study on the Fluid Dynamical Behaviour of Streamwise and Laterally Inclined Jets in Crossflow

ABSTRACT The design of discrete film cooling holes for gas turbine airfoil applications is governed by a number of parameters influencing both their aerodynamic and thermal behaviour. This numerical and experimental study focuses on the marked differences between film cooling holes with combined streamwise and lateral inclination and film cooling holes with streamwise inclination only. The variation in the blowing angle was chosen on a newly dermed and physically motivated basis. High resolution low speed experiments on a large scale turbine airfoil gave insights particularly into the intensified mixing process with lateral ejection. The extensive computational study is performed with the aid of a 3D blockstructured Navier-Stokes solver incorporating a low-Reynolds-number k-e turbulence model. Special attention is paid to mesh generation as a precondition for accurate highresolution results. The downstream temperature fields of the jets show reduced spanwise variations with increasing lateral blowing angle; these variations are quantified for a comprehensive variety of configurations in terms of adiabatic film cooling effectiveness

Future Management Strategies for El Yunque National Forest

U.S. National Forests revise their management plans every ten to fifteen years; in the next several years, El Yunque National Forest (EYNF), Puerto Rico, is slated to update its Land and Resource Management Plan (LRMP). This research has four focal areas intended to aid in the development of this LRMP: (1) Visitor use profile assessment; (2) climate change and variation within the forest; (3) mapping biological vulnerability to climate change within the forest; and (4) invasive species management. Major results of the research are as follows: (1) Surveys conducted in August 2007 show that Puerto Rican residents largely come to EYNF for the purpose of relaxation and socialization while the majority of non-residents come to explore the forest, making apparent the need for a broad approach to guest accommodation in future management strategies in order to gratify the desires of guests from varying geographic origins and cultural backgrounds. (2) The climate change and variation analysis showed a significant increase (0.12°C per decade) in temperature within the forest over the past 50 years. Specifically within EYNF, the rate of temperature increase exceeds the global rate of increase. Precipitation did not show a significant trend within the time period studied. (3) Biological vulnerability to climate change was mapped using GIS analysis from overlaid weighted habitat models of 15 sensitive vertebrate species. The resulting map can be useful in prioritizing areas for management action and enables EYNF to take climate change into account in management decisions. (4) Several challenges and opportunities exist for addressing terrestrial invasive plants. To maintain the integrity of this Puerto Rican symbol of patria (homeland), USFS will need to take a hard look at both the particular tropical island biology and existing institutional capacity.Master of ScienceNatural Resources and EnvironmentUniversity of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/58202/1/ElYunqueNationalForest-mastersproject2.pd

System Interface for an Integrated Intelligent Safety System (ISS) for Vehicle Applications

This paper deals with the interface-relevant activity of a vehicle integrated intelligent safety system (ISS) that includes an airbag deployment decision system (ADDS) and a tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS). A program is developed in LabWindows/CVI, using C for prototype implementation. The prototype is primarily concerned with the interconnection between hardware objects such as a load cell, web camera, accelerometer, TPM tire module and receiver module, DAQ card, CPU card and a touch screen. Several safety subsystems, including image processing, weight sensing and crash detection systems, are integrated, and their outputs are combined to yield intelligent decisions regarding airbag deployment. The integrated safety system also monitors tire pressure and temperature. Testing and experimentation with this ISS suggests that the system is unique, robust, intelligent, and appropriate for in-vehicle applications