New integral results using Pólya-Szegö inequality

In this paper, we use the Riemann-Liouville fractional integral to present recent integral results using new inequalities of Pólya-Szegö type

Les technologies numériques dans les pays en développement. Quel paradigme ?

Les technologies numériques constituent l’innovation majeure de ces dernières décennies et le principal vecteur de la nouvelle révolution industrielle dans les pays développés. Ces technologies ont radicalement transformé les modes de vie, les façons de produire, les rapports au temps et à l’espace, l’environnement culturel. Quid alors des pays en développement, notamment africains, où ces technologies connaissent une progression fulgurante. Quels sont leurs différents impacts dans ces pays où leur progression dépasse toutes les prévisions. Comment les différents usages et les capacités d’appropriation manifestés par les sociétés africaines nous interpellent pour réfléchir à un nouveau paradigme qui tienne compte de toutes les mutations et changements socioéconomiques et culturels que ces technologies provoquent ?The digital technologies establish the major innovation of these last decades and the main vector of the new industrial revolution in the developed countries. These technologies radically transformed the lifestyles, the manners to produce, reports in the time and in the space, the cultural environment. Quid then developing countries, in particular African, where these technologies know a lightning progress. Which are their various impacts in these countries where their progress exceeds all the forecasts. How the various uses and the capacities of appropriation shown by the African companies question us to reflect in new one paradigm which takes into account all the transfers and the socioeconomic and cultural changes which these technologies cause?Las tecnologías numéricas constituyen la innovación superior de estas últimas décadas y el principal vector de la nueva revolución industrial en los países desarrollados. Estas tecnologías radicalmente transformaron los modos de vida, los modos de producir, los informes(relaciones) al tiempo y al espacio, el entorno(medio ambiente) cultural. Quid entonces países en vías de desarrollo, particularmente africanos, donde estas tecnologías conocen una progresión fulgurante. Cuales son sus diferentes impactos en estos países dónde su progresión sobrepasa todas las previsiones. ¿ Cómo los diferentes usos y las capacidades de apropiación manifestados por las sociedades africanas nos interpelan para reflexionar sobre un nuevo paradigma que tenga en cuenta todas las mudanzas(mutaciones) y los cambios socioeconómicos y culturales que estas tecnologías provocan 

Le développement des télécommunications dans les Suds. Retour sur une décennie de diffusion des TIC en Afrique de l’Ouest et au Maghreb

Dans les Suds, et notamment en Afrique lors de la dernière décennie, les TIC connaissent une croissance considérable. Cet essor présente cependant de fortes disparités entre les différents pays. L’article a pour objectif d’analyser les politiques et les logiques de diffusion à l’œuvre en Afrique de l’Ouest et au Maghreb au cours de ces dix dernières années.During the last decade, in the southern developing countries, particularly in Africa, ICTs’growth is significant, as well as the inequalities between countries. This article aims at analyzing, and comparing the ICTs’dissemination policies implemented in West and North Africa during the past ten years.En el Sur, particularmente en África en el momento de la última década, las TIC conocen un crecimiento considerable. Este auge ofrece sin embargo enormes disparidades entre los diferentes países. El artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las políticas y las lógicas de difusión en obra en África occidental y en el Magreb en el curso de estos diez últimos años

Smoothing the H0H_0 tension with a dynamical dark energy model

The discrepancy between Planck data and direct measurements of the current expansion rate $H_0$ and the matter fluctuation amplitude $S_8$ has become one of the most intriguing puzzles in cosmology nowadays. The $H_0$ tension has reached $4.2\sigma$ in the context of standard cosmology i.e $\Lambda$CDM. Therefore, explanations to this issue are mandatory to unveil its secrets. Despite its success, $\Lambda$CDM is unable to give a satisfying explanation to the tension problem. Unless some systematic errors might be hidden in the observable measurements, physics beyond the standard model of cosmology must be advocated. In this perspective, we study a phantom dynamical dark energy model as an alternative to $\Lambda$CDM in order to explain the aforementioned issues. This phantom model is characterised by one extra parameter, $\Omega_{pdde}$, compared to $\Lambda$CDM. We obtain a strong positive correlation between $H_0$ and $\Omega_{pdde}$, for all data combinations. Using Planck measurements together with BAO and Pantheon, we find that the $H_0$ and the $S_8$ tensions are $3\sigma$ and $2.6\sigma$, respectively. By introducing a prior on the absolute magnitude, $M_B$, of the SN Ia, the $H_0$ tension decreases to $2.27\sigma$ with $H_0 = 69.76_{-0.82}^{+0.75}$ km s$^{-1}$ Mpc$^{-1}$ and the $S_8$ tension reaches the value $2.37\sigma$ with $S_8 =0.8269_{-0.012}^{+0.011}$.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure

Polymorphism rs3087243 is associated with the occurrence of ankylosing spondylitis in the West Algerian population

Background: Numerous studies have shown that polymorphism rs231775 of the CTLA4 gene is strongly implicated in the development of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Other polymorphisms of this gene are candidates that may have an additional effect in susceptibility to AS. For the first time, we searched for the association of rs3087243 polymorphism located in the 3'UTR region of the CTLA4 gene with the development of SA in the Algerian population. Methods: The study involved 200 subjects (80 AS patients recruited at the rheumatology service and 120 healthy individuals unrelated). Genotyping was performed by real-time PCR (Taqman®). Analysis of the results was carried out by IBM.SPSS.Statictis® software. Results: The distribution of allele frequencies showed a significant association between the GG genotype of the polymorphism rs3087243 and AS risk (OR= 1.77 [0.98-3.21], p=0.004). Conclusion: Our data would suggest that the 3'UTR region of the CTLA4 gene could have an impact on the development of SA in the West Algerian population. These results need to be confirmed on a larger sample

Crustal shortening and vertical strain partitioning in the Middle Atlas Mountains of Morocco

Copyright 1998, American Geophysical Union. See also: http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/1998/98TC01439.shtml; http://atlas.geo.cornell.edu/morocco/publications/gomez1998.htmThe NE-SW trending Middle Atlas Mountains of Morocco are obliquely oriented within the late Cenozoic regional stress field, resulting in deformation that is partitioned into strike-slip faulting and thrust-related folding. In the central Middle Atlas, thrusting is confined to a 20 km wide fold belt between two relatively rigid crustal blocks that are obliquely converging. We suggest that in addition to strain partitioning observed in plan view, a partitioning of deformation between the upper and lower crust may be necessary to reconcile estimated crustal thickening and horizontal shortening within the fold belt. Cross-section balancing based on field observations demonstrates a relatively modest amount of Cenozoic horizontal shortening (~ 4.7 km) normal to the fold belt producing 800 m of structural relief. Yet, the geophysical data suggest this contraction has not produced a significant crustal root beneath the fold belt; that is, the belt does not appear to be isostatically compensated. Assuming all horizontal shortening was accommodated by crustal thickening beneath the fold belt implies much greater thickening than is suggested by constraints on the preshortened crustal thickness. It thus appears that thickening does not accommodate all of the contraction. We suggest one possible solution: The upper crust shortens by thickening (faulting and folding), whereas the lower crust deforms laterally

GATA3 and MDM2 are synthetic lethal in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers.

Synthetic lethal interactions, where the simultaneous but not individual inactivation of two genes is lethal to the cell, have been successfully exploited to treat cancer. GATA3 is frequently mutated in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancers and its deficiency defines a subset of patients with poor response to hormonal therapy and poor prognosis. However, GATA3 is not yet targetable. Here we show that GATA3 and MDM2 are synthetically lethal in ER-positive breast cancer. Depletion and pharmacological inhibition of MDM2 significantly impaired tumor growth in GATA3-deficient models in vitro, in vivo and in patient-derived organoids/xenograft (PDOs/PDX) harboring GATA3 somatic mutations. The synthetic lethality requires p53 and acts via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Our results present MDM2 as a therapeutic target in the substantial cohort of ER-positive, GATA3-mutant breast cancer patients. With MDM2 inhibitors widely available, our findings can be rapidly translated into clinical trials to evaluate in-patient efficacy

AI is a viable alternative to high throughput screening: a 318-target study

: High throughput screening (HTS) is routinely used to identify bioactive small molecules. This requires physical compounds, which limits coverage of accessible chemical space. Computational approaches combined with vast on-demand chemical libraries can access far greater chemical space, provided that the predictive accuracy is sufficient to identify useful molecules. Through the largest and most diverse virtual HTS campaign reported to date, comprising 318 individual projects, we demonstrate that our AtomNet® convolutional neural network successfully finds novel hits across every major therapeutic area and protein class. We address historical limitations of computational screening by demonstrating success for target proteins without known binders, high-quality X-ray crystal structures, or manual cherry-picking of compounds. We show that the molecules selected by the AtomNet® model are novel drug-like scaffolds rather than minor modifications to known bioactive compounds. Our empirical results suggest that computational methods can substantially replace HTS as the first step of small-molecule drug discovery