Crystal Structure of Nd1.2FeO3 Oxide Material and Its Rietveld Refinement Analysis

The crystal structure of Nd1.2FeO3 oxide material synthesized by varying calcination temperatures was determined using the X-ray diffraction method. Further analysis by Rietveld refinement using software Rietica showed that all of the samples have an orthorhombic phase structure. The lattice constants of each a sample with variation of calcination temperature is a = 5.581059 ± 0.000736 Å, b = 7.758627 ± 0.000947 Å, c = 5.448341 ± 0.000665 Å; a = 5.580203 ± 0.000695 Å, b = 7.756789 ± 0.000908 Å, c = 5.447646 ± 0.000626 Å; and a = 5.580402 ± 0.000704 Å, b = 7.758957 ± 0.000919 Å, c = 5.449350 ± 0.000634 Å, respectively. The results of lattice constant were associated with the value of Goodness of Fit (GoF) is 0.9101%, 0.8726%, and 0.9303%, respectively. That has a strong indication of a qualified matching between the NdFeO3 model numbers of COD 2003124 with the current experimental results. The value of FWHM and the crystal size of Nd1.2FeO3 samples are 0.22o and 372 nm. The results showed that the variation of calcination temperature has not a significant change in the crystal size and homogeneity of the atomic crystal structure. These results are confirmed by simulation of the atomic structure using the Diamond software, the dominant peak of hkl (121)

Refinement Analysis using the Rietveld Method of Nd[1.2]Fe[1]O[3] Oxide Material Synthesized by Solid-State Reaction

Neodymium Ferrite Oxide (Nd1.2FeO3) has been successfully synthesized using solid state reaction by varying annealing time. Structural crystallographic characteristics were obtained by X-ray diffraction. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis showed the samples had been identified composed of NdFeO3 and Nd2- O3 phase, with peak dominant correspond to hkl (121), FWHM value of 0.22° and estimated crystal size of 393 nm. Analysis using Rietveld methods obtained Nd1.2FeO3 oxide material has a crystal structure is orthorhombic with space-group of PNMA. The results are comparable as was reported elsewhere that the oxide material is useful for gas sensor application

Influence of Annealing Time Variation on Crystal Structure and Morphology of Oxide Material Nd1.2FeO3 by Solid-State Reaction Method

NdFeO3 is one of the oxide material can be detected various gases, like S/O2, CO, H2S, etc. In this research, Nd1.2FeO3 as oxide material have been synthesized by solid-state reaction with a variation of annealing time. Characterized by XRD shows that the samples have form crystal perovskite structure with dominant phase and peak intensity correspond to hkl (121). FWHM value for the dominant peak was 0.22°. The crystallite of the samples was determined using Debye Scherer formula were 393.08, 393.10, and 393.10 nm, respectively. While the SEM characterized showed the morphology of the samples was homogenous with grain size estimates of 0.2μm. These results indicate the variation of annealing time 1, 2, and 3 hours did not significantly affect the crystallinity and morphology of Nd1.2FeO3 oxide material

The Effects of Calcination Temperatures on Crystal Structures and Morphologies of Nd1.2FeO3 Synthesized by Solid-State Reaction

NdFeO3 is one of the oxide alloys that can be used as a raw material for gas sensor. The NdFeO3 have been synthesized using solid state reaction method by varying calcination temperatures of 750oC, 850oC, and 950oC for 6 h. All of the Nd1.2FeO3 samples were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) to identify their morphologies and phases. The results show that all of the samples formed major phase is NdFeO3 and minor phase of Nd2O3 and have homogenous morphology with estimating grain size is 0,2 μm for all samples. The value of FWHM and the crystal size of Nd1.2FeO3 was obtained for each sample is 0.22º and 372 nm. The orthorhombic phase with a dominant peak at hkl (121) is an indication that material has potential application as a gas senso

Influence of High Sintering Temperature Variation on Crystal Structure and Morphology of Nd1.2FeO3 Oxide Alloy Material by Solid-State Reaction Method

Nd1.2FeO3 powders type perovskite structure was prepared by a solid-state reaction method. This research has been conducted with the recurring heating process at high temperature. The raw material consisted of Nd2O3 (99.99 %) and Fe2O3 (99.99 %) which characterized by XRD to confirm the phase and using SEM to identify the morphology structure of the sample. Result characterized by XRD confirms the phase of NdFeO3 and Nd2O3 with the formation of NdFeO3 having the orthorhombic structure (perovskite type). The value of FWHM and the average crystal size of NdFeO3 was obtained for each sample is 0.20º and 409 nm. While SEM studies showed the surface morphology of Nd1.2FeO3 has homogeneous granules with grain size estimates is 0.2 μm. These results indicate that sample Nd1.2FeO3 was a good candidate for gas sensor materials

Morphological and Structural Analysis of Nd1(Fe)0.2Ba1.8Cu3O7-δ Oxide Material

Nd1(Fe)0.2Ba1.8Cu3O7-δ oxide material have been successfully synthesized by solid-state reaction with modified heat treatment process to improve the heat time efficiency, calcination at 950 ̊C for six hours, sintering at 975 ̊C fo six hours, and annealing at 450 ̊C for six hours, respectively. The X-ray diffraction pattern shows that a single-phase form of Nd1(Fe)0.2Ba1.8Cu3O7-δ is an orthorhombic (Pmmm) structure. The Rietveld refinement analysis found, the lattice parameter are a = 3.8758Å, b = 3.9101Å, and c = 11.7190Å with χ2 = 1.394%. The SEM-EDAX image shows that the samples are form clusters with size estimates of 10 - 40μm, and the elemental composition of the oxide materials is Ba rich

Regression Model of Processability Properties of Epoxidized Natural Rubber-Alumina Nanoparticle Composites (ENRAN) using Historical Data Design

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Synthesis of ytterbium- doped neodymium ferrite oxide using solid-state reaction method and its characterization

The Yb doped NdFeO3 using a solid-state reaction method has successfully synthesized. In this paper, Nd1-xYbxFeO3 samples were synthesized by varying the molar ratio of Yb at ×  = 0.01, x  = 0.05, and ×  = 0.10 using solid-state reaction with two routes of heat treatment processes. Results of X-ray diffraction show that all samples have an orthorhombic structure with two phases: NdFeO3 as a major phase and Nd2O3 as a minor phase. FWHM value for a maximum peak is 0.2°, so the estimated crystal size is 40 nm, with the dominant peak corresponding to hkl (1 2 1). Morphology properties used SEM Image shows grain size of al sample estimated at 0.4 μm. The presence of Yb is quantitatively confirmed based on the EDS result

Komposisi Paduan Oksida Logam Nd1.2FeO3 dan Metode Pembuatannya

Paduan oksida logam NdFeO3 dengan tipe struktur perovskite telah berhasil dibuat dengan metode reaksi padatan dengan rasio molar x=0,2 pada suhu tinggi melalui proses pemanasan berulang. Hasil refinement rietveld dari data XRD menunjukkan terbentuknya fasa NdFeO3 dengan struktur ortorombik dengan grup ruang (space group): Pnma, nilai Goodness of Fit (GoF) kisaran 0,92%, nilai Factor profile (Rp) kisaran 4,59%, nilai Factor weighted profile (Rwp) kisaran 6,08%, dan nilai Factor expected weight profile (Rexp) kisaran 6,34%, yang telah memenuhi syarat pencocokkan fitting. Dengan konstanta kisi bervariasi mulai paduan oksida logam Nd1,2Fe1O3 dengan kode RS1000: a=5,5807Å, b=7,7575Å, c=5,4472Å; kode RS1050: a=5,5821Å, b= 7,7601Å,c=5,4495Å; dan kode RS1100: a=5,5806Å, b=7,7580Å, c=5,4479Å. Adapun nilai FWHM yang diperoleh sama untuk semua variasi suhu pemanasan yakni 0,20° pada puncak dominan hkl (121), dengan ukuran kristal untuk masing-masing sampel secara berturut-turut sebesar 409,37 nm, 409,39 nm, dan 409,35 nm. Hasil pengukuran SEM menunjukkan bahwa morfologi dari bahan paduan oksida logam NdFeO3 memiliki bentuk butiran yang homogen dengan estimasi ukuran butir 0,2 μm. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa bahan paduan oksida logam Nd1,2Fe1O3 yang dibuat dengan variasi suhu tinggi melalui proses pemanasan berulang memiliki kualitas yang stabil dan dapat digunakan sebagai bahan sensor gas