Screening Antibacterial Activity of some Bhasma (Metal-based Herbal Medicines) against Enteric Pathogens

Bhasma has been used along with appropriate herbs for treatment of critical ailments as medicinal preparation in Ayurveda. Very little or no published information is available on the antibacterial activity of Bhasmas. Considering the use of Ayurvedic metal based herbal preparations to treat various disorders, we studied the antibacterial potential of some Ayurvedic preparations such as Mandura bhasma, Tamra bhasma, Lauha bhasma and Kashis bhasma against enteric bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Salmonella typhimurium and Proteus vulgaris using a disc diffusion method. The results revealed that Tamra bhasma possesses strong antibacterial activity while Lauha bhasma and Mandura bhasma showed significant antibacterial activity. Study suggest that the use these bhasma may useful to control the enteric bacterial infection

Evaluation of antibacterial potential of Trikatu churna and its ingredients: An in vitro study

Herbal medicines are being used increasingly as dietary supplements to fight or prevent common disease. The dried fruits of Piper nigrum L. (Piperaceae), Piper longum L. (Piperaceae) and rhizome of Zingiber officinale Roscoe. (Zingiberaceae) were powdered and mixed together in equiproportions to get a polyherbal formulation, Trikatu churna. The aqueous, ethanol, methanol and acetone extracts of these plant’s fruits and Trikatu churna were prepared and antibacterial activities were tested by disc diffusion method against enteric bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella typhimurium and Enterobacter aerogenes. The extracts of Piper longum, Piper nigrum and Zingiber officinale were found antibacterial to all bacterial pathogen tested. Trikatu churna exhibited potent antibacterial activity; this might be due to the multifunctional effect of all the three plant ingredients of Trikatu churna. Antibacterial activity of Trikatu churna and its ingredients was carried out in attempt to support the use of Trikatu churna for the treatment of enteric bacterial infections.Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Trikatu churna, bacterial pathogens

Evaluation of antibacterial potential of Trikatu churna and its ingredients: An in vitro study

Herbal medicines are being used increasingly as dietary supplements to fight or prevent common disease. The dried fruits of Piper nigrum L. (Piperaceae), Piper longum L. (Piperaceae) and rhizome of Zingiber officinale Roscoe. (Zingiberaceae) were powdered and mixed together in equiproportions to get a polyherbal formulation, Trikatu churna. The aqueous, ethanol, methanol and acetone extracts of these plant’s fruits and Trikatu churna were prepared and antibacterial activities were tested by disc diffusion method against enteric bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella typhimurium and Enterobacter aerogenes. The extracts of Piper longum, Piper nigrum and Zingiber officinale were found antibacterial to all bacterial pathogen tested. Trikatu churna exhibited potent antibacterial activity; this might be due to the multifunctional effect of all the three plant ingredients of Trikatu churna. Antibacterial activity of Trikatu churna and its ingredients was carried out in attempt to support the use of Trikatu churna for the treatment of enteric bacterial infections.Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Trikatu churna, bacterial pathogens

Antibacterial activity of some Indian Ayurvedic preparations against enteric bacterial pathogens

In Ayurveda, various herbal preparations are clinically used to prevent or cure infectious diseases. Herbal preparations such as Triphala churna, Hareetaki churna, Dashmula churna, Manjistadi churna, Sukhsarak churna, Ajmodadi churna, Shivkshar pachan churna, Mahasudarshan churna, Swadist Virechan churna and Pipramool churna were investigated by preparing their organic solvent extract for antibacterial potential against enteric bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Salmonella typhimurium and Proteus vulgaris, respectively. In the present study, Triphala churna, Hareetaki churna, Dashmula churna were potent antibacterial agents against S. epidermidis, P. vulgaris, S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. typhi. The study supports the use of these herbal preparations not only as dietary supplements but also as agents to prevent or control enteric bacterial infections

Design of an Embedded Platform for Digital Weighing System to Enhance Measuring Capabilities

ABSTRACT: Now a day the demand of digital weighing machine increasing day by day in most of business enterprises because measuring the weight with digital weighing machine is user friendly with variety of various applications. A load cell is an uncontrollable weighing device. Improvement in filtering increases the speed of weighing and enhances the measurement accuracy. In this paper a new algorithm and architecture is proposed as weight filter for the weighing system. We verify and implement the novel algorithm in the measuring products successfully. This paper discusses the development of a load cell based the static weighing system. In particular, the focus is on using digital filtering techniques to remove measurement noises from the extremely low frequency noise of the static weighing system. In this design the high resolution measurement ADC has revolutionized the entire area of precision sensor signal conditioning and data acquisition. Modern ADCs offer high grade code resolutions to 24 bits, and greater than 19-bits of noise-free code resolution. The inclusion of on-chip PGAs in this ADC coupled with the high resolution virtually eliminates the need for signal conditioning circuitry-the precision sensor can interface directly with the ADC in many cases & further can be accessed by microcontroller to enhance measuring capabilities with embedded platforms. The designed system has good accuracy with high precision output

Evaluation of Phytochemical and Antibacterial Potential of Helicteres Isora L. Fruits Against Enteric Bacterial Pathogens

Antibacterial activities of aqueous, acetone, ethanol and methanol extracts of fruits of Helicteres isora (Mororphali) were studied. The fruit aqueous extracts of H. isora showed prominent antibacterial activities against E.coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Salmonella typhimurium and Proteus vulgaris; moderate activity against Enterobacter aerogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and least activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The aqueous extract showed maximal, the ethanol and methanol extract moderate and acetone extracts least antibacterial activities. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of carbohydrates, anthraquinon glycosides, proteins, tannin and phenolic compounds and steroids These antibacterial properties supports its traditional use of fruits of H. isora in the treatment of enteric or diarrhoeal infections

Experimental and computational fluid dynamic study of reacting gas jet in liquid: flow pattern and heat transfer

The flow behavior of a jet reactor (consisting of a gaseous jet submerged in a molten-metal bath) is very complex. These are operated at high temperatures (1500-3000 K) and need to be contained within a heavy metal enclosure. The design of such reactors requires a prior knowledge of the jet dimensions, flow pattern and heat transfer characteristics. However, the fuel opaqueness and the high temperature of the jet create difficulties in observing the reaction mass visually and therefore the literature contains a very brief account of the experimental measurements of the flow pattern. Hence, a systematic study has been undertaken with a reaction pair (HCl gas jet submerged in aqueous NH3), which has the potential for simulating the real systems. The present work is concerned with the CFD simulations by employing k-ε turbulence model and large eddy simulations (LES). The measurements and simulations have been carried out over a wide range of gas velocities (53-323 m/s) and these have been compared with the CFD simulations. A comprehensive comparison has also been made between the k-ε and the LES for the mean flow, temperature and the turbulent kinetic energy. An attempt has been made to understand the relative performance of these models. Further, complete energy balance has been established between the energy supply rate through the jet and the energy dissipation rate within the reactor. The plume characteristics obtained from CFD simulations have been compared qualitatively with the photographic images

CFD simulation of flow pattern and plume dimensions in submerged condensation and reactive gas jets into a liquid bath

Submerged gas jets into a liquid bath are widely used in metal processing and thermal processes. These systems are classified as (a) condensation jet and (b) reaction jet systems. This paper presents the CFD simulation of both the types of jets. The CFD model considers phase change, gas-liquid and gas-gas reactions and the accompanied rates of mass transfer. Mass transfer coefficient was estimated using small eddy model where the value of mass transfer coefficient is calculated based on the local values of turbulent kinetic energy (k) and the dissipation rate (ε). A good agreement with the available experimental data of plume length validates the CFD model. The CFD simulations have also been compared with the available experimental data on velocity and temperature profiles which shows excellent agreement. A comparison between the condensation and the reaction jets has been presented in terms of plume dimensions, flow and temperature patterns. The relative predictions of the present model and the rational correlations have been presented for the estimation of plume length for both the types of jet systems