1,424 research outputs found
Noise sensitivity of an atomic velocity sensor
We use Bloch oscillations to accelerate coherently Rubidium atoms. The
variation of the velocity induced by this acceleration is an integer number
times the recoil velocity due to the absorption of one photon. The measurement
of the velocity variation is achieved using two velocity selective Raman
pi-pulses: the first pulse transfers atoms from the hyperfine state 5S1/2 |F=2,
mF=0> to 5S1/2, |F=1, mF = 0> into a narrow velocity class. After the
acceleration of this selected atomic slice, we apply the second Raman pulse to
bring the resonant atoms back to the initial state 5S1/2, |F=2, mF = 0>. The
populations in (F=1 and F=2) are measured separately by using a one-dimensional
time-of-flight technique. To plot the final velocity distribution we repeat
this procedure by scanning the Raman beam frequency of the second pulse. This
two pi-pulses system constitutes then a velocity sensor. Any noise in the
relative phase shift of the Raman beams induces an error in the measured
velocity. In this paper we present a theoretical and an experimental analysis
of this velocity sensor, which take into account the phase fluctuations during
the Raman pulses
Dipole and Bloch oscillations of cold atoms in a parabolic lattice
The paper studies the dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate loaded into a 1D
parabolic optical lattice, and excited by a sudden shift of the lattice center.
Depending on the magnitude of the initial shift, the condensate undergoes
either dipole or Bloch oscillations. The effects of dephasing and of atom-atom
interactions on these oscillations are discussed.Comment: 3 pages, to appear in proceeding of LPHYS'05 conference (July 4-8,
2005, Kyoto, Japan
Theoretical Analysis of a Large Momentum Beamsplitter using Bloch Oscillations
In this paper, we present the implementation of Bloch oscillations in an
atomic interferometer to increase the separation of the two interfering paths.
A numerical model, in very good agreement with the experiment, is developed.
The contrast of the interferometer and its sensitivity to phase fluctuations
and to intensity fluctuations are also calculated. We demonstrate that the
sensitivity to phase fluctuations can be significantly reduced by using a
suitable arrangement of Bloch oscillations pulses
Forecasting in the light of Big Data
Predicting the future state of a system has always been a natural motivation
for science and practical applications. Such a topic, beyond its obvious
technical and societal relevance, is also interesting from a conceptual point
of view. This owes to the fact that forecasting lends itself to two equally
radical, yet opposite methodologies. A reductionist one, based on the first
principles, and the naive inductivist one, based only on data. This latter view
has recently gained some attention in response to the availability of
unprecedented amounts of data and increasingly sophisticated algorithmic
analytic techniques. The purpose of this note is to assess critically the role
of big data in reshaping the key aspects of forecasting and in particular the
claim that bigger data leads to better predictions. Drawing on the
representative example of weather forecasts we argue that this is not generally
the case. We conclude by suggesting that a clever and context-dependent
compromise between modelling and quantitative analysis stands out as the best
forecasting strategy, as anticipated nearly a century ago by Richardson and von
Neumann
Theoretical analysis of quantum dynamics in 1D lattices: Wannier-Stark description
This papers presents a formalism describing the dynamics of a quantum
particle in a one-dimensional tilted time-dependent lattice. The description
uses the Wannier-Stark states, which are localized in each site of the lattice
and provides a simple framework leading to fully-analytical developments.
Particular attention is devoted to the case of a time-dependent potential,
which results in a rich variety of quantum coherent dynamics is found.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, submitted to PR
Loop structure of the lowest Bloch band for a Bose-Einstein condensate
We investigate analytically and numerically Bloch waves for a Bose--Einstein
condensate in a sinusoidal external potential. At low densities the dependence
of the energy on the quasimomentum is similar to that for a single particle,
but at densities greater than a critical one the lowest band becomes
triple-valued near the boundary of the first Brillouin zone and develops the
structure characteristic of the swallow-tail catastrophe. We comment on the
experimental consequences of this behavior.Comment: 4 pages, 7 figure
Superfluid Dynamics of a Bose-Einstein Condensate in a Periodic Potential
We investigate the superfluid properties of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC)
trapped in a one dimensional periodic potential. We study, both analytically
(in the tight binding limit) and numerically, the Bloch chemical potential, the
Bloch energy and the Bogoliubov dispersion relation, and we introduce {\it two}
different, density dependent, effective masses and group velocities. The
Bogoliubov spectrum predicts the existence of sound waves, and the arising of
energetic and dynamical instabilities at critical values of the BEC
quasi-momentum which dramatically affect its coherence properties. We
investigate the dependence of the dipole and Bloch oscillation frequencies in
terms of an effective mass averaged over the density of the condensate. We
illustrate our results with several animations obtained solving numerically the
time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures, movies and published paper available at
http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/1367-2630/5/1/11
Does intraoperative neuromonitoring of recurrent nerves have an impact on the postoperative palsy rate? Results of a prospective multicenter study
BACKGROUND: The impact of intraoperative neuromonitoring on recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy remains debated. Our aim was to evaluate the potential protective effect of intraoperative neuromonitoring on recurrent laryngeal nerve during total thyroidectomy.
METHODS: This was a prospective, multicenter French national study. The use of intraoperative neuromonitoring was left at the surgeons\u27 choice. Postoperative laryngoscopy was performed systematically at day 1 to 2 after operation and at 6 months in case of postoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy. Univariate and multivariate analyses and propensity score (sensitivity analysis) were performed to compare recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy rates between patients operated with or without intraoperative neuromonitoring.
RESULTS: Among 1,328 patients included (females 79.9%, median age 51.2 years, median body mass index 25.6 kg/m), 807 (60.8%) underwent intraoperative neuromonitoring. Postoperative abnormal vocal cord mobility was diagnosed in 131 patients (9.92%), including 69 (8.6%) and 62 (12.1%) in the intraoperative neuromonitoring and nonintraoperative neuromonitoring groups, respectively. Intraoperative neuromonitoring was associated with a lesser rate of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy in univariate analysis (odds ratio = 0.68, 95% confidence interval, 0.47; 0.98, P = .04) but not in multivariate analysis (oddsratio = 0.74, 95% confidence interval, 0.47; 1.17, P = .19), or when using a propensity score (odds ratio = 0.76, 95% confidence interval, 0.53; 1.07, P = .11). There was no difference in the rates of definitive recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (0.8% and 1.3% in intraoperative neuromonitoring and non-intraoperative neuromonitoring groups respectively, P = .39). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of intraoperative neuromonitoring for detecting abnormal postoperative vocal cord mobility were 29%, 98%, 61%, and 94%, respectively.
CONCLUSION: The use of intraoperative neuromonitoring does not decrease postoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy rate. Due to its high specificity, however, intraoperative neuromonitoring is useful to predict normal vocal cord mobility. From the CHU de Nantes, Clinique de Chirurgie Digestive et Endocrinienne, Nantes, France; CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Chirurgie Générale et Endocrinienne, Lille, France; CHU Nancy-Hôpital de Brabois, Service de Chirurgie Digestive, Hépato-Biliaire, et Endocrinienne, Nancy, France; CHU Angers, Chirurgie Digestive et Endocrinienne, Angers, France; CHU de Toulouse-Hôpital Larrey, Chirurgie Thoracique, Pôle Voies Respiratoires, Toulouse; CHU Saint-Etienne-Hôpital Nord, ORL et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale et Plastique, Saint-Etienne, France; CHU de Limoges-Hôpital Dupuytren, Chirurgie Digestive, Générale et Endocrinienne, Limoges, France; CHU de Besançon-Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Chirurgie Digestive, Besançon, France; Centre Hospitalier du Mans, Service ORL et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Le Mans, France; Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Chirurgie Générale, Endocrinienne, Digestive et Thoracique, Pierre Bénite, France; AP-HM-Hôpital de La Conception, Chirurgie Générale, Marseille, France; CHU de Rennes-Hôpital Pontchaillou, Service ORL et Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale, Rennes, France; CHU de Caen, ORL et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Caen, France; CHU d\u27Angers, ORL et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Angers, France; CHU de Nantes, Service ORL, Nantes, France; AP HP URCEco île-de-France, hôpital de l\u27Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France; DRCI, département Promotion, Nantes, France
The Relationship between P-Wave Morphology and Atrial Fibrillation
The objective of this paper is to develop an efficient P-wave detection algorithm based on the morphology characteristics of arrhythmias using time domain analysis.
ECG from normal subjects, and patients with atrial fibrillation were studied. After baseline wander cancellation, power line interference filtration, the step of QRS detection using the pan- Tompkins algorithm is utilized to calculate R peak which represent the reference point to detect P peak.
The algorithm was tested with experiments using MIT-BIH arrhythmia database which included Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation PAF prediction challenge, Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT-BIH normal sinus rhythm, long term Atrial Fibrillation AF and MIT-BIH atrial fibrillation where every P-wave was extracted.
The results reveal that the algorithm is accurate and efficient to detect and classify arrhythmias resulted from atrial fibrillation
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