113 research outputs found
Parental Verbal Mediation For Children\u27s Internet Use
This study explores the different communication strategies parents employ when speaking to their children about their Internet use. The Internet is continuously and rapidly expanding in terms of content range and mobility, and is becoming more and more an integrated and essential part of children across the nation. Thus, parents must be willing and equipped to educate their children about their habits of Internet use through effective mediation strategies. The goal of this study is to understand not only how parents speak to their children about their Internet use, but also how parents currently perceive the significance of these conversations. In addition, the study aims to discover whether there are any associations between parentsā demographic information and the type of mediation strategy they prefer. The objective of the study is to help parents learn to communicate more effectively with their children about healthy Internet practices.
Two divergent mediation strategies are discussed. Active parental mediation emphasizes parents engaging in active discussion with their children, as well as providing a warm, encouraging tone when speaking about Internet use. Restrictive parental mediation refers to primarily relying on household rules to protect their children from the negative influences of the Internet, as well as technological software that helps to protect them from inappropriate content. These communicative strategies not only help their children navigate the countless opportunities provided by the Internet, but also arm them to protect themselves against the dangers of the Internet that threatens their healthy cognitive, social, and emotional development. Research has found that the verbal component of communication has a greater impact than the behavioral component of parental influence. Therefore, the study also emphasizes the verbal component of parentsā mediation strategies, including the frequency, conversation and conformity communication styles, and openness and honesty. 161 parents from a whole family unit (i.e., composed of the biological children of heterosexual spouses) are recruited to participate in an online survey.
Results indicate that parents are currently employing a heavily integrated methodology of both strategies. Parents report to possess a high perception of importance in verbally communicating to their children about their Internet use. Multiple hierarchical regression analyses indicate that male parents are more prone to employ restrictive parental mediation than female parents, and that higher education has a positive effect in the employment of both active parental mediation and restrictive parental mediation. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed from results
Resolving Class Imbalance for LiDAR-based Object Detector by Dynamic Weight Average and Contextual Ground Truth Sampling
An autonomous driving system requires a 3D object detector, which must
perceive all present road agents reliably to navigate an environment safely.
However, real-world driving datasets often suffer from the problem of data
imbalance, which causes difficulties in training a model that works well across
all classes, resulting in an undesired imbalanced sub-optimal performance. In
this work, we propose a method to address this data imbalance problem. Our
method consists of two main components: (i) a LiDAR-based 3D object detector
with per-class multiple detection heads where losses from each head are
modified by dynamic weight average to be balanced. (ii) Contextual ground truth
(GT) sampling, where we improve conventional GT sampling techniques by
leveraging semantic information to augment point cloud with sampled ground
truth GT objects. Our experiment with KITTI and nuScenes datasets confirms our
proposed method's effectiveness in dealing with the data imbalance problem,
producing better detection accuracy compared to existing approaches.Comment: 10 page
\u3ci\u3eQuid Pro Quo\u3c/i\u3e? The SEC Oversight Enforcement and Corporate Lobbying
Due to the private nature of its internal investigations, research on the SEC oversight enforcement is limited. By distinguishing between enforcement staffā decision to open an investigation (investigation decision) and commissionersā authorization of an enforcement action (enforcement decision), this study is the first to examine how these two decisions interplay to overcome the political capture while fulfilling the SECās mission to protect investors. First, I do not find evidence that investigation decision is influenced by firmsā political connections, whereas enforcement decision is affected by firmsā lobbying efforts. Collectively, my results imply that there exists a misalignment between commissionersā political incentives and the staffā career incentives in the SEC oversight enforcement. My results also suggest that a firmās opportunistic lobbying during an investigation (reactive lobbying) is effective in reducing the probability of an SEC enforcement action, while habitual lobbying activities in anticipation of possible adverse events (proactive lobbying) do not shield a firm from regulatory scrutiny
Coverage Analysis of Dynamic Coordinated Beamforming for LEO Satellite Downlink Networks
In this paper, we investigate the coverage performance of downlink satellite
networks employing dynamic coordinated beamforming. Our approach involves
modeling the spatial arrangement of satellites and users using Poisson point
processes situated on concentric spheres. We derive analytical expressions for
the coverage probability, which take into account the in-cluster geometry of
the coordinated satellite set. These expressions are formulated in terms of
various parameters, including the number of antennas per satellite, satellite
density, fading characteristics, and path-loss exponent. To offer a more
intuitive understanding, we also develop an approximation for the coverage
probability. Furthermore, by considering the distribution of normalized
distances, we derive the spatially averaged coverage probability, thereby
validating the advantages of coordinated beamforming from a spatial average
perspective. Our primary finding is that dynamic coordinated beamforming
significantly improves coverage compared to the absence of satellite
coordination, in direct proportion to the number of antennas on each satellite.
Moreover, we observe that the optimal cluster size, which maximizes the ergodic
spectral efficiency, increases with higher satellite density, provided that the
number of antennas on the satellites is sufficiently large. Our findings are
corroborated by simulation results, confirming the accuracy of the derived
expressions
The impact of an employee's psychological contract breach on compliance with information security policies: intrinsic and extrinsic motivation
Despite the rapid rise in social engineering attacks, not all employees are
as compliant with information security policies (ISPs) to the extent that
organisations expect them to be. ISP non-compliance is caused by a variety of
psychological motivation. This study investigates the effect of psychological
contract breach (PCB) of employees on ISP compliance intention (ICI) by
dividing them into intrinsic and extrinsic motivation using the theory of
planned behaviour (TPB) and the general deterrence theory (GDT). Data analysis
from UK employees (\textit{n=206}) showed that the higher the PCB, the lower
the ICI. The study also found that PCBs significantly reduced intrinsic
motivation (attitude and perceived fairness) for ICI, whereas PCBs did not
moderate the relationship between extrinsic motivation (sanction severity and
sanctions certainty) and ICI. As a result, this study successfully addresses
the risks of PCBs in the field of IS security and proposes effective solutions
for employees with high PCBs.Comment: 27 pages, 3 figure
Towards Suicide Prevention from Bipolar Disorder with Temporal Symptom-Aware Multitask Learning
Bipolar disorder (BD) is closely associated with an increased risk of
suicide. However, while the prior work has revealed valuable insight into
understanding the behavior of BD patients on social media, little attention has
been paid to developing a model that can predict the future suicidality of a BD
patient. Therefore, this study proposes a multi-task learning model for
predicting the future suicidality of BD patients by jointly learning current
symptoms. We build a novel BD dataset clinically validated by psychiatrists,
including 14 years of posts on bipolar-related subreddits written by 818 BD
patients, along with the annotations of future suicidality and BD symptoms. We
also suggest a temporal symptom-aware attention mechanism to determine which
symptoms are the most influential for predicting future suicidality over time
through a sequence of BD posts. Our experiments demonstrate that the proposed
model outperforms the state-of-the-art models in both BD symptom identification
and future suicidality prediction tasks. In addition, the proposed temporal
symptom-aware attention provides interpretable attention weights, helping
clinicians to apprehend BD patients more comprehensively and to provide timely
intervention by tracking mental state progression.Comment: KDD 2023 accepte
Therapeutic Effect of Cucumis melo
Obesity results in the progression of metabolic disorders, especially type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Obesity-induced insulin resistance (IR) is a causative factor of T2DM morbidity in obese people. It is generally held by clinicians that IR is caused by adiposity-related inflammation that is mediated by changes in composite ions in the gut microbiome. This experimental study was designed to investigate the effects of Cucumis melo L. (Cucumis) on obesity-induced IR in genetically leptin-deficient Lepob/Lepob mice. Specifically, we examined the anti-inflammatory effects of Cucumis and the effects of Cucumis on the gut microbiota. We evaluated glucose control by measuring FBS, performing the OGTT, quantifying serum IR, calculating the HOMA-IR, and determining the lipid profiles. To see whether inflammation was reduced, we analyzed adipose tissue macrophages as well as monocytes in the blood. We also profiled the gut microbiota to determine whether the ratios of microbial phyla changed. We found that Cucumis improved IR in obese mice and relieved inflammation in adipose tissue and blood. Simultaneously, the microbiota composition ratios changed. In conclusion, administration of Cucumis improved IR by reducing inflammation, thereby changing the gut microbiota composition. Cucumis is thus a promising treatment for obesity-induced insulin resistance and the inflammatory state
Phenotypic and Functional Changes of Peripheral Ly6C(+) T Regulatory Cells Driven by Conventional Effector T Cells
A relatively high affinity/avidity of T cell receptor (TCR) recognition for self-peptide bound to major histocompatibility complex II (self-pMHC) ligands is a distinctive feature of CD4 T regulatory (Treg) cells, including their development in the thymus and maintenance of their suppressive functions in the periphery. Despite such high self-reactivity, however, all thymic-derived peripheral Treg populations are neither homogenous in their phenotype nor uniformly immune-suppressive in their function under steady state condition. We show here that based on the previously defined heterogeneity in the phenotype of peripheral Treg populations, Ly6C expression on Treg marks a lower degree of activation, proliferation, and differentiation status as well as functional incompetence. We also demonstrate that Ly6C expression on Treg in a steady state is either up-or downregulated depending on relative amounts of tonic TCR signals derived from its contacts with self-ligands. Interestingly, peripheral appearance and maintenance of these Ly6C-expressing Treg cells largely differed in an age-dependent manner, with their proportion being continuously increased from perinatal to young adult period but then being gradually declined with age. The reduction of Ly6C(+) Treg in the aged mice was not due to their augmented cell death but rather resulted from downregulation of Ly6C expression. The Ly6C down-regulation was accompanied by proliferation of Ly6C(+) Treg cells and subsequent change into Ly6C-effector Treg with concomitant restoration of immune-suppressive activity. Importantly, we found that this phenotypic and functional change of Ly6C(+) Treg is largely driven by conventional effector T cell population. Collectively, these findings suggest a potential cross-talk between peripheral Treg subsets and effector T cells and provides better understanding for Treg homeostasis and function on maintaining self-tolerance.110Ysciescopu
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