10 research outputs found
Collective bargaining: the future of law enforcement employee-employer relations
Discusses the misinformation about collective bargaining that may be making agency administrations more resistant to collective bargaining than they should be
European guidelines on the clinical management of HIV-1 tropism testing
Viral tropism is the ability of viruses to enter and infect specific
host cells and is based on the ability of viruses to bind to receptors
on those cells. Testing for HIV tropism is recommended before
prescribing a chemokine receptor blocker. In most European countries,
HIV tropism is identified with tropism phenotype testing. New data
support genotype analysis of the HIV third hypervariable loop (V3) for
the identification of tropism. The European Consensus Group on clinical
management of tropism testing was established to make recommendations to
clinicians and clinical virologists. The panel recommends HIV-tropism
testing for the following groups: drug-naive patients in whom toxic
effects are anticipated or for whom few treatment options are available;
patients who have poor tolerability to or toxic effects from current
treatment or who have CNS pathology; and patients for whom therapy has
failed and a change in treatment is considered. In general, an enhanced
sensitivity Trofile assay and V3 population genotyping are the
recommended methods. Genotypic methods are anticipated to be used more
frequently in the clinical setting because of their greater
accessibility, lower cost, and faster turnaround time than other
methods. For the interpretation of V3 loop genotyping, clinically
validated systems should be used when possible. Laboratories doing HIV
tropism tests should have adequate quality assurance measures.
Similarly, close collaboration between HIV clinicians and virologists is
needed to ensure adequate diagnostic and treatment decisions