187 research outputs found
Thermal analysis of a plastic helical coil heat exchanger for a domestic water storage tank
In the present study, the heat transfer coefficients of helically coiled corrugated plastic tube heat exchanger inside of the solar boiler vessel were investigated experimentally. The metal coil of the conventional solar boiler for domestic usage was replaced by a plastic tube and the results were compared with the numerical simulation and the technical documentation of the initial solar boiler. All the required parameters like inlet and outlet temperatures of tubeside and stratified temperatures, flow rate of fluids, etc. were measured using appropriate instruments. The test runs were performed for different temperatures inside the tank ranging from 30-60°C and different flow rates from which the heat transfer coefficients were calculated
Determining heat losses in a reheat furnace : a case study
In a previous study of an actual reheat furnace with a capacity of 45 ton/h, it was found that a staggering 20% of the input energy was unaccounted for in the heat balance. It was hypothesized that this missing energy was lost to the environment as heat losses. In this work, the main losses are identified and quantified. First, the heat transfer through the wall of the furnace was determined. For this, an extensive measurement campaign was performed. Based on the measured wall temperatures and emissivity values, the heat transfer from the walls for the operating conditions at the time of the measurements was estimated. The heat rejected through the walls amounts to approximately one fifth of the total heat loss. Secondly, when the furnace door is opened, a relatively large flow rate of hot gas leaves the furnace, and a net heat loss occurs due to the radiative heat exchange between the furnace interior and the environment. As the aforementioned heat losses are very difficult to measure, a simplified theoretical model was made based on physical principles. The corresponding results indicate that the opening of the furnace accounts for a large part of the remaining heat loss
Do voltage-gated Kv1.1 and inward rectifier Kir2.1 potassium channels form heteromultimers?
AbstractPossible heteromultimer formation between Kv- and Kir-type K+ channels was investigated, in connection with the known functional diversity of K+ channels in vivo. Voltage-clamp experiments were performed on Xenopus oocytes, either injected with concatenated Kir2.1-Kv1.1 mRNA, or co-injected with Kv1.1 and Kir2.1 mRNA. K+ currents could be approximated by the algebraic sum of the 2 K+ current types alone. The tandem construct did not show functional expression, although it could be detected by Western blotting. We conclude that Kv1.1 and Kir2.1 α-subunit proteins fail to assemble and do not contribute functional diversity to K+ channels
Steady state modeling of a fire tube boiler
Manufacturers increasingly strive to customize fire tube
boiler designs to specific needs. A comprehensive thermal
design model is therefore necessary. In this article a steady state
thermal model based on the plug flow furnace model and the ε-
NTU method is presented. The model includes the turn boxes
which other authors neglect. The steady state model
furthermore allows optimizing the boiler designs. It is used to
analyze the gas temperature along the flow length. Secondly,
the article compares a plug flow furnace model, the ε- NTU
method with and without radiation. The ε- NTU with radiation
allows decreasing the number of control volumes while
retaining accuracy. Additionally the effect of the turn boxes is
investigated.Papers presented at the 13th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Portoroz, Slovenia on 17-19 July 2017 .International centre for heat and mass transfer.American society of thermal and fluids engineers
Endovascular Repair of Inflammatory Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms with Special Reference to Concomitant Ureteric Obstruction
AbstractObjectives: to study the technical feasibility and results of endovascular treatment of inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA).Design: prospective study.Material and methods: seven patients underwent endovascular repair of an inflammatory AAA. Five patients (8 ureters) were treated with ureteric stents CT scans were obtained one year.Results: the early technical success rate was 100%. Four ureters remained entrapped at one year. Partial regression of periaortic fibrosis was documented in three patients, while four patients showed no regression.Conclusion: endovascular reconstruction of inflammatory abdominal aneurysms is technically feasible. Further study is warranted with regard to the evolution of the periaortic fibrosis and the possible benefits for patients with concomitant hydronephrosis
Dynamic and steady state performance model of fire tube boilers with different turn boxes
The market for fire tube boilers is increasingly demanding custom designs from the manufacturers. For these new designs, a comprehensive thermal model is needed. In this article, both a steady state and dynamic thermal model is developed based on the plug flow furnace model with general experimental correlations. The steady state model allows optimizing (i.e. safely downsizing) boiler designs. This model has been verified with measurement reports. The dynamic model is used to estimate the peak load capability of a boiler. In the presented case, the fire tube boiler can produce up to 2.5 times the nominal steam flow rate for a period of 10 min. Special attention has been paid to the turn boxes and their specific placement, which other models in literature neglect. The efficiency penalty of a non-submerged turn box can reach up to 12% but can be reduced significantly by insulation. Turn boxes also affect peak load capability. If the total length of the boiler is constant, submerging the turn box has a positive effect on the peak load capability. This effect is mostly attributed to the increased water volume. Finally, the article includes a comparison between the plug flow furnace model the ε-NTU method and the ε-NTU method with inclusion of radiation to model the tube passes. The ε-NTU method with inclusion of radiation allows to significantly reduce the necessary number of control volumes without reduction in the model accuracy
Plastic helical coil heat exchanger as an alternative for a domestic water storage tank
A reduction in weight and cost of a domestic hot water
storage vessels is an interesting case for the industry, that can be
reached by an alternative material of the helical coil heat
exchanger inside them. The goal of the present study was to
design a fully polymer solar boiler demonstrator and to explore
its thermal performance in the low pressure and low temperature
conditions. The metal coil of the conventional solar boiler for
domestic usage was replaced by a plastic tube and the heat
transfer behavior of helically coiled smooth plastic tube heat
exchanger was investigated experimentally. The heat exchanger
is placed in the middle of the tank in two parallel coils that fill
almost whole height of the vessel in order to achieve maximal
surface area. The water inside the tank was heated by circulating
in closed loop with heater to achieve constant initial temperature
across the whole volume of the vessel. When reached, the
heating was stopped and a cold water of the tap temperature
started to flow inside the polymeric tube. All the required
parameters like inlet and outlet temperatures of tube-side and
stratified temperatures in fifteen different points, flow rate of
fluids and pressure drop were measured using appropriate
instruments. The test runs were performed for different initial
temperatures inside the tank ranging from 30-60°C from which
the overall heat transfer coefficient and thermal resistances were
calculated. The validity of obtained results was compared with
the numerical simulation and the experimental results on the
initial metallic tube.Papers presented at the 13th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Portoroz, Slovenia on 17-19 July 2017 .International centre for heat and mass transfer.American society of thermal and fluids engineers
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