A comprehensive study of the analyzing powers of the proton-deuteron break-up reaction at 190 MeV with BINA

Understanding the exact nature of three-nucleon forces is the most challenging topic in the field of nuclear physics. Three-nucleon break-up reaction is a good tool to look into the underlying dynamics of the nuclear force, thanks to its rich kinematical phase space which has different levels of sensitivity to three-nucleon force effects. The recent studies on few-nucleon systems have revealed that the current nuclear force models cannot describe nucleon-deuteron scattering data accurately. In the present work, the analyzing powers of the proton-deuteron break-up reaction obtained using a 190 MeV polarized proton beam are discussed. We present for the first time the vector analyzing powers for the kinematics in which one of the protons scatters to intermediate and large scattering angles at this energy. The results show a fairly good agreement with various theoretical predictions for both intermediate and large scattering angles of the break-up phase space

Protective effect of aqueous and ethanoic extracts o Achillea Wilhelmsii on oxidative stress induced by trivalent arsenic

Introduction: Arsenic (As3+) is a toxic metalloid and a potent environmental toxicant that has been reported to cause severe liver injury. Long-term exposure to arsenic through food and contaminated water can result in a chronic As3+ poisoning. One of the main hypotheses about the mechanism of As3+ toxicity is oxidative stress so that As3+  toxicity which may be due to direct reaction of reactive oxygen species with cell biomolecules, causing damages to lipids, proteins, and DNA, hence leading to cell death. In the present study, the protective role of hydro alcoholic and aqueous extract of Achillea wilhelmssi (A. Wilhelmsii) against liver injury induced by As3+ toxicity. Methods and Results: Hepatocytes were obtained by collagenase perfusion of the liver and their viability was assessed by the trypan blue (0.2% w/v) exclusion test. Cytotoxicity was associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, lipid peroxidation and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential which were prevented by antioxidants and ROS scavengers (DMSO, mannitol), mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pore sealing agent (carnitine) and the ATP generator (L-glutamine),  Lysosomal protective agent and glutathione discharge. We used aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of Achillea wilhelmssi with concentrations 25μg/ml, 50μg/ml and 100μg/ml for 3h to evaluate the protective effect of these extracts on the As3 –induced oxidative stress in isolated rat hepatocytes. Also the protective and antioxidant effects of Quercetin and Gallic acid polyphenols in the A. Wilhelmsii have been investigated as control. According to the results, the concentration of As3+, which can cause death of 50% of cells, is equivalent to 50 μM, that could significantly increase cell death, ROS production, lipid peroxidation induction and mitochondrial membrane slump compared to the control group (p <0.05). Achillea wilhelmssi extract could significantly decrease produce ROS, lipid peroxide and loss of mitochondrial membrane decline. Conclusions: In the present study, result showed the hepatoprotective role of hydroalcoholic and aqueous extract of Achillea wilhelmssi against liver injury induced by arsenic in rats had been studied by determining their effects on decrease produce ROS, lipid peroxide and loss of mitochondrial membrane decline. Because of existence large amounts of flavonoids and polyphenols, including quetitintin and Gallic acid in A. Wilhelmsii can hepatoprotective effects be attributed to these compounds

NE102A Plastic Scintillator Response to He-3 Ions

Plastic scintillators are widely used in detecting nuclear radiation due to their low construction cost, the ability to be produced in nearly any shape and size and relatively fast time response, among which NE102A (or its equivalents, BC400 and EJ-212) is one of the most famous and widely used scintillators in the focal plane of the particle magnetic spectrometers. In this study, the response of a large NE102A scintillator to He-3 ions was investigated in the energy range of 55-87 MeV. The experimental data were collected from the measurements carried out at the accelerator center of University of Groningen, the Netherlands (KVI-CART). The results of this research, acceptably consistent with previous published experimental data, confirmed that the response of the NE102A scintillator to He-3 ions with energies more than 10 MeV is approximately linear

Investigation of the quasi-free domain in deuteron-deuteron break-up using spin observables

Precision measurements of vector and tensor analyzing powers of the 2H(d, dp)n break-up process for configurations in the vicinity of the quasi-free scattering regime with the neutron as spectator are presented. These measurements are performed with a polarized deuteron-beam with an energy of 65MeV/nucleon impinging on a liquid-deuterium target. The experiment was conducted at the AGOR facility at KVI using the BINA 4π-detection system. Events for which the final-state deuteron and proton are coplanar have been analyzed and the data have been sorted for various momenta of the missing neutron. In the limit of vanishing neutron momentum and at large deuteron-proton momentum transfer, the data agree well with the measured and theoretically predicted spin observables of the elastic deuteronproton scattering process. The agreement deteriorates rapidly with increasing neutron momentum and/or decreasing momentum transfer from the deuteron beam to the outgoing proton. This study reveals the presence of a significant contribution of final-state interactions even at very small neutron momenta

Comprehensive measurements of cross sections and spin observables of the three-body break-up channel in deuteron-deuteron scattering at 65 MeV/nucleon

Detailed measurements of five-fold differential cross sections and a rich set of vector and tensor analyzing powers of the 2H(d; dp)n break-up process using polarized deuteron-beam energy of 65 MeV/nucleon with a liquid-deuterium target are presented. The experiment was conducted at the AGOR facility at KVI using the BINA 4Pi-detection system. We discuss the analysis procedure including a thorough study of the systematic uncertainties. The results can be used to examine upcoming state-of-the-art calculations in the four-nucleon scattering domain, and will, thereby, provide further insights into the dynamics of three- and four-nucleon forces in few-nucleon systems. The results of coplanar configurations are compared with the results of recent theoretical calculations based on the Single-Scattering Approximation (SSA). Through these comparisons, the validity of SSA approximation is investigated in the Quasi-Free (QF) region.Comment: 33 pages, 30 figure

Measurement of differential cross section for proton-induced deuteron breakup at 108 MeV

The experiment was performed at CCB IFJ PAN in Kraków with the use of the BINA detector. The experimental program and data analysis of proton-induced deuteron breakup reaction at 108 MeV are presented