Acute prostatitis after transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy: Comparing two different antibiotic prophylaxis regimen

Transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies (TRUSBx) are common and increasingly performed procedure. As this procedure can be complicated by infections, antibiotic prophylaxis is widely used around the world to minimize these complications, but there is no consensus on the most appropriate prophylaxis regimen. A total number of 412 patients who were referred fo TRUSBx, was devided randomely into two groups. Group 1 received routine antibiotic prophylaxis and Group 2 did not received Amikacin. Other premedications in both groups include ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, ceftazidime and povodine iodine gel. 2 days after biopsy, all patients were investigated about significant fever(e�38°C). febrile patients were referred to urology clinic for further evaluation about acute prostatitis or septicemia. There was 210 patients in group A and 202 patients in group B. No significant difference was detected in mean age, prostatic volume, serum PSA level, re-biopsy rate and pathology report between two groups. Acute prostatitis was developed in 2 patients (0.9) in group A and 1 patient (0.5) in group B that was not statistically significant.(P>0.05) Removing amikacin from ciprofloxacin-based antibiotic prophylaxis along with local povodine iodine would not put our patients in increased risk for infectious complications after TRUSBx. © 2016, Oriental Scientific Publishing Company. All rights reserved

Investigation of Qualitative Condition of Nekarud River and Tajan River by NSFWQI Index

Rivers are exposed to large amounts of impurities. The first step for keeping river water quality and purification of polluted parts is obtaining information on the qualitative changes of river water in dimensions of time and place and also, determination of major sources and various water pollutants. Analysis of measured parameters alone or in combination, give in complete information on water quality because of variety of parameters, samples and stations. WQI is a mathematical and statistical tool for conversion of quantitative values of large quantity of water quality data into single number which presents a simple and understandable tool for qualitative assessment. Samples were collected seasonally from stations at upstream, middle stream and downstream of two rivers in east of Mazandaran province (Nekarud River, Tajan River) in a 2 years interval of 2011-2012 years, and analyzed in laboratory of  Environmental Protection agency of Mazandaran according to standard methods. The values of NSFWQI (water quality index ofAmerica’s national health organization) were calculated for all stations and all of the stations were located on the level of unsuitable conditions. The condition of Tajan River was relatively better than Nekarud River due to lower residential villages and towns around the river

Investigation of Qualitative Condition of Nekarud River and Tajan River by NSFWQI Index

Rivers are exposed to large amounts of impurities. The first step for keeping river water quality and purification of polluted parts is obtaining information on the qualitative changes of river water in dimensions of time and place and also, determination of major sources and various water pollutants. Analysis of measured parameters alone or in combination, give in complete information on water quality because of variety of parameters, samples and stations. WQI is a mathematical and statistical tool for conversion of quantitative values of large quantity of water quality data into single number which presents a simple and understandable tool for qualitative assessment. Samples were collected seasonally from stations at upstream, middle stream and downstream of two rivers in east of Mazandaran province (Nekarud River, Tajan River) in a 2 years interval of 2011-2012 years, and analyzed in laboratory of  Environmental Protection agency of Mazandaran according to standard methods. The values of NSFWQI (water quality index ofAmerica’s national health organization) were calculated for all stations and all of the stations were located on the level of unsuitable conditions. The condition of Tajan River was relatively better than Nekarud River due to lower residential villages and towns around the river

Effect of melatonin supplementation in the long-term preservation of the sheep ovaries at different temperatures and subsequent in vitro embryo production

Investigations in the past decades have shown that oocytes developmental competence following in vitro fertilization is greatly influenced by an interval between isolation of the ovaries immediately after death/slaughter and oocytes recovery from the visible follicles. In order to determine the optimal conditions for long-term preservation of ovaries, an experiment was conducted with adding different doses of melatonin (0 (C), 500 (M1), 600 (M2), 700 (M3) and 800 (M4) μM) as an antioxidant to sheep ovaries preservation medium (PBS) maintained at 4 and 20 °C for 24 h. The effects on in vitro embryo production (IVEP) parameters including maturation, fertilization, cleavage, and blastocyst rates and the total number of blastomere were evaluated after the ovaries preservation. Melatonin reduced the decline in fertilization rate as an indicator of success in vitro maturation (P ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, ovarian storage time had significant negative effect (P ≤ 0.05) on IVEP parameters. Supplementation with melatonin increased the total cell number of blastocysts as an indicator of embryo quality (i.e. mean blastomeric cells in 4Math Eq groups: 86.00 ± 3.00, 98.50 ± 3.5, 111.5 ± 1.5, 125.5 ± 2.00 and 126.50 ± 5.5 for C, M1, M2, M3 and M4. respectively). Overall, the results showed that the use of melatonin antioxidant in the ovaries storage medium had beneficial effects on sheep oocytes development and embryos quality

Sequencing and In Silico Multi-aspect Analysis of S1 Glycoprotein in 793/B Serotype of Infectious Bronchitis Virus Isolated From Iran in 2003 and 2011

Infectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute, highly contagious, and economically important viral disease of chickens. The S1 subunit from Spike (S) protein plays the major role in protective immunity and is involved in the host-virus interactions, as well as infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) serotyping. Aim of the present study was multi-aspect analysis of the molecular and immunological features of 5' part belonging to the S1 glycoprotein sequence of Iranian 793/B IBV strain isolates. This might ideally help in characterization, prevention, and vaccine development. The tissue samples were prepared, followed by virus isolation, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. In addition, sequencing and registration of the sequences in the National Center for Biotechnology Information were performed. Moreover, 12 sequences were retrieved from Fars province, Iran. The next steps included evaluation of conservation/variability along the sequences, phylogenetic analysis, estimation of the average evolutionary divergence over all the sequence pairs, predicting the phosphorylation/N-glycosylation/palmitoylation sites, and the final analysis of antigenicity. The findings of alignment, entropy plot, and pairwise similarity analysis revealed 17 hypervariable regions. The isolates belonging to Tehran were clustered in phylogenetic tree, and the most similar isolates to them were ADW11182 and ADW11183. Location of some of the N-glycosylation/phosphorylation/palmitoylation points indicated that these sites were conserved among the isolates. Furthermore, the frequency of epitopes and their scores reflect the high immunogenicity of S1 protein in 793/B serotype. Analysis of the primary and secondary structures demonstrated that their parameters had variable values and were different regarding the number and location of α-helix, β-strand, and coils. According to our findings, the Iranian isolates of 793/B serotype change their molecular characteristics during time and in different geographical regions. These alterations might account for failure in prevention programs and differences in virulence and pathogenicity

Effect of oral administration of pioglitazone on follicular dynamics in Holstein dairy cows

This study investigated the effects of oral administration of pioglitazone (PGT), a specific and synthetic ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma (PPARγ), on follicular dynamics and corpus luteum (CL) functionality in dairy cows. Cows exhibiting strong signs of estrus after 2 injections of PGF2α (given14 d apart) at d 30 postpartum (n = 28) were allotted to four groups (n = 7 cows/treatment) and orally received 6 mg PGT/kg body weight/day according to the following protocol: no PGT (control); PGT for 14 d from 7 d before expected estrus (10 d after 1st injection of PGF2α) to 7 d after observed estrus (PGT14); PGT for 21 d after observed estrus (PGT21); and PGT for 28 d, 7 d before expected estrus to 21 d after observed estrus (PGT28). During the first follicular wave, number of follicles (total and small) increased in PGT14 and PGT28 cows compared to the control group (P < 0.05). During the ovulatory wave, number of total and small follicles increased in PGT28 (P < 0.05) and PGT21 (P < 0.10) compared with PGT14 and control cows. Size of the largest follicle at first wave was greater in PGT28 (P < 0.05), PGT14 (P < 0.05) and PGT21 (P < 0.10) compared to the control cows. Maximal size of the ovulatory follicle was greater in PGT28 (P < 0.05) and PGT21 (P < 0.10) groups compared to the control group. Growth rate of the largest follicle at first wave was higher (P < 0.05) in PGT-treated cows, while growth rate of the ovulatory wave was higher in PGT28 and PGT21 groups, leading to shorter days from luteolysis to ovulation. Pioglitazone administration did not affect CL size, but increased progesterone (P4) concentration. The PGT14 and PGT28 cows had higher maximal plasma P4 concentration and shorter intervals to reach maximal plasma P4 compared to the control group. In conclusion, oral administration of PGT had some positive effects on follicular development and circulating P4 levels which may be conducive to better reproductive performance

Discovery of novel 1,2,4-triazolo-1,2,4-triazines with thiomethylpyridine hinge binders as potent c-Met kinase inhibitors

Mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor HGF/c-Met overactivation is involved in diverse human cancers. Herein, we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of thiomethylpyridine-linked triazolotriazines as c-Met kinase inhibitors

Molecular barcoding of the Aras reservoir alga Microcystis aeruginosa (Kützing) Kützing 1846 by ITS-2 gene

Today, due to population increase and anthropogenic activities together with sewage and agricultural waste water entrance, aquatic ecosystems have been exposed to high pollutions. Phytoplankton is a group of water floating algae that have crucial roles in providing nutrients and oxygen for other organisms, nitrogen and CO_2 fixation. These organisms are considered as primary producers in aquatic ecosystems. They are found in various water habitats all over the world, affected by environmental variables such as pH, light and temperature and used for determination of water pollution degree and quality. Phytoplankton composition and density may be used as a complementary indicator of water trophy state. Phytoplankton communities indicate short and long term variations of aquatic systems. One of the most obvious problems in freshwater ecosystems is algal bloom or over growth of some blue- green algae which can decrease oxygen, and in some cases bring about toxin excretion and fish and human kills. In addition, many of bloom forming cyanobacteria produce secondary metabolites which can create sever poisoning in mammals including human. The genus Microcystis is a key bloom forming cyanobacteria in aquatic ecosystems. Populations of this genus form intense blooms in water bodies that has attracted more attentions in recent years. Various species of this alga have been distributed in stagnant and eutroph freshwater around the world. Microcystis has been defined by genetic criteria such as 16S rRNA molecular sequencing, but its classification in levels lower than genus is unclear and the presence of its classical morphospecies is doubtful. However, this genus creates sever blooms in eutrophic waters all over the world and many species produce toxins. Therefore, identification of its natural diversity in the levels lower than genus has high importance. However, several characteristics of Microcystis morphotypes which are classified a traditional species, actually are present and observed in different regions of the world. At present, they can be considered as morphospecies that belong to one genotype and have similar ecology. These traditional species with definite phenotypic and ecophysiological characteristics cannot be eliminated completely. Their identification is essential for ecological and ecotoxicological studies. Interistic transcribed separator (ITS) gene is a section of genome which is located between 16s rRNA and 23s genes. This gene has more heterogeneity than 16s rRNA; so it is used to identify many genera of cyanobacteria. The Aras reservoir located in the north-west of Iran plays important roles as fisheries, drinking and agricultural water supply and recreational activities in the region. The present thesis was undertaken to: analyze the Microcystis sp. populations by molecular methods such as ITS in Aras Reservoir. Samples for molecular analysis were collected from 10 sampling sites on 18 August 2013. Samples for molecular study of Microcystis were collected from two different depths (surface and 1 m depth) and transferred to laboratory without any treatments. Microscopic images of Microcystis were sent to professor Komárek and was confirmed