36 research outputs found
Identification of rose black spot pathogen in Sa ÄĂ©c city, Äá»ng ThĂĄp province of Vietnam
Black spot is one of the most destructive diseases of roses, causing premature defoliation, thus progressively weakening the plant and even leading to death. This study aimed at identifying the pathogen causing black spot on Rosa chinensis Jacq. cv. nhung (Há»ng Nhung) and R. chinensis Jacq. var. minima (Há»ng Tá» Muá»i) in Sa ÄĂ©c city, Äá»ng ThĂĄp province, Vietnam, using a combination of conidia morphology and pathogenicity tests including detached leaf and intact plant techniques. A total of 32 infected leaf samples with the black spot typical symptoms were collected from six rose cultivation areas. The morphological characterization of the conidia obtained from these samples was elliptical, hyaline, two-celled and had vacuole-like structures, similar to those produced by Diplocarpon. In pathogenicity test, the symptoms were observed on cv. nhung but not var. minima in the detached leaf technique while symptoms were observed on both cultivars in intact plants technique. These included black spots with perforated edges, aggregating into bigger patches. The infected leaves could yellow and defoliate at 21 days after inoculation. Compared to the previous pathogenic studies and description of diseases on roses, the fungal pathogen was identified as fungus Diplocarpon rosae
Spatiotemporal analysis of historical records (2001-2012) on dengue fever in Vietnam and development of a statistical model for forecasting risk
Background: Dengue fever is the most widespread infectious disease of humans transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. It is the leading cause of hospitalization and death in children in the Southeast Asia and western Pacific regions. We analyzed surveillance records from health centers in Vietnam collected between 2001â2012 to determine seasonal trends, develop risk maps and an incidence forecasting model.
Methods: The data were analyzed using a hierarchical spatial Bayesian model that approximates its posterior parameter distributions using the integrated Laplace approximation algorithm (INLA). Meteorological, altitude and land cover (LC) data were used as predictors. The data were grouped by province (n = 63) and month (n = 144) and divided into training (2001â2009) and validation (2010â2012) sets. Thirteen meteorological variables, 7 land cover data and altitude were considered as predictors. Only significant predictors were kept in the final multivariable model. Eleven dummy variables representing month were also fitted to account for seasonal effects. Spatial and temporal effects were accounted for using Besag-York-Mollie (BYM) and autoregressive (1) models. Their levels of significance were analyzed using deviance information criterion (DIC). The model was validated based on the Theilâs coefficient which compared predicted and observed incidence estimated using the validation data. Dengue incidence predictions for 2010â2012 were also used to generate risk maps.
Results: The mean monthly dengue incidence during the period was 6.94 cases (SD 14.49) per 100,000 people. Analyses on the temporal trends of the disease showed regular seasonal epidemics that were interrupted every 3 years (specifically in July 2004, July 2007 and September 2010) by major fluctuations in incidence. Monthly mean minimum temperature, rainfall, area under urban settlement/build-up areas and altitude were significant in the final model. Minimum temperature and rainfall had non-linear effects and lagging them by two months provided a better fitting model compared to using unlagged variables. Forecasts for the validation period closely mirrored the observed data and accurately captured the troughs and peaks of dengue incidence trajectories. A favorable Theilâs coefficient of inequality of 0.22 was generated.
Conclusions: The study identified temperature, rainfall, altitude and area under urban settlement as being significant predictors of dengue incidence. The statistical model fitted the data well based on Theilâs coefficient of inequality, and risk maps generated from its predictions identified most of the high-risk provinces throughout the country
Viral Metagenomic Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid from Patients with Acute Central Nervous System Infections of Unknown Origin, Vietnam.
Central nervous system (CNS) infection is a serious neurologic condition, although the etiology remains unknown in >50% of patients. We used metagenomic next-generation sequencing to detect viruses in 204 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients with acute CNS infection who were enrolled from Vietnam hospitals during 2012-2016. We detected 8 viral species in 107/204 (52.4%) of CSF samples. After virus-specific PCR confirmation, the detection rate was lowered to 30/204 (14.7%). Enteroviruses were the most common viruses detected (n = 23), followed by hepatitis B virus (3), HIV (2), molluscum contagiosum virus (1), and gemycircularvirus (1). Analysis of enterovirus sequences revealed the predominance of echovirus 30 (9). Phylogenetically, the echovirus 30 strains belonged to genogroup V and VIIb. Our results expanded knowledge about the clinical burden of enterovirus in Vietnam and underscore the challenges of identifying a plausible viral pathogen in CSF of patients with CNS infections
Host Transcription Profile in Nasal Epithelium and Whole Blood of Hospitalized Children Under 2 Years of Age With Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection.
BACKGROUND: Most insights into the cascade of immune events after acute respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection have been obtained from animal experiments or in vitro models. METHODS: In this study, we investigated host gene expression profiles in nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs and whole blood samples during natural RSV and rhinovirus (hRV) infection (acute versus early recovery phase) in 83 hospitalized patients <2 years old with lower respiratory tract infections. RESULTS: Respiratory syncytial virus infection induced strong and persistent innate immune responses including interferon signaling and pathways related to chemokine/cytokine signaling in both compartments. Interferon-α/ÎČ, NOTCH1 signaling pathways and potential biomarkers HIST1H4E, IL7R, ISG15 in NP samples, or BCL6, HIST2H2AC, CCNA1 in blood are leading pathways and hub genes that were associated with both RSV load and severity. The observed RSV-induced gene expression patterns did not differ significantly in NP swab and blood specimens. In contrast, hRV infection did not as strongly induce expression of innate immunity pathways, and significant differences were observed between NP swab and blood specimens. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that RSV induced strong and persistent innate immune responses and that RSV severity may be related to development of T follicular helper cells and antiviral inflammatory sequelae derived from high activation of BCL6
Chapitre 27 - Développement des moyens de recherche institutionnelle pour des approches intégrées dans les pays en développement : un exemple tiré du Vietnam
Introduction Lâarchitecture mondiale de la santĂ©, les changements environnementaux, le dĂ©veloppement Ă©conomique rapide et dâautres changements planĂ©taires sans prĂ©cĂ©dent compliquent le dĂ©veloppement prĂ©sent et futur. Câest ce que dĂ©montre la JournĂ©e mondiale de lâeau des Nations unies (UNW, 2014), le thĂšme « eau et Ă©nergie » et les politiques, programmes et outils de dĂ©veloppement sont Ă la traĂźne de ces changements planĂ©taires ..
A hidden HIV epidemic among women in Vietnam
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The HIV epidemic in Vietnam is still concentrated among high risk populations, including IDU and FSW. The response of the government has focused on the recognized high risk populations, mainly young male drug users. This concentration on one high risk population may leave other populations under-protected or unprepared for the risk and the consequences of HIV infection. In particular, attention to women's risks of exposure and needs for care may not receive sufficient attention as long as the perception persists that the epidemic is predominantly among young males. Without more knowledge of the epidemic among women, policy makers and planners cannot ensure that programs will also serve women's needs.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>More than 300 documents appearing in the period 1990 to 2005 were gathered and reviewed to build an understanding of HIV infection and related risk behaviors among women and of the changes over time that may suggest needed policy changes.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>It appears that the risk of HIV transmission among women in Vietnam has been underestimated; the reported data may represent as little as 16% of the real number. Although modeling predicted that there would be 98,500 cases of HIV-infected women in 2005, only 15,633 were accounted for in reports from the health system. That could mean that in 2005, up to 83,000 women infected with HIV have not been detected by the health care system, for a number of possible reasons. For both detection and prevention, these women can be divided into sub-groups with different risk characteristics. They can be infected by sharing needles and syringes with IDU partners, or by having unsafe sex with clients, husbands or lovers. However, most new infections among women can be traced to sexual relations with young male injecting drug users engaged in extramarital sex. Each of these groups may need different interventions to increase the detection rate and thus ensure that the women receive the care they need.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Women in Vietnam are increasingly at risk of HIV transmission but that risk is under-reported and under-recognized. The reasons are that women are not getting tested, are not aware of risks, do not protect themselves and are not being protected by men. Based on this information, policy-makers and planners can develop better prevention and care programs that not only address women's needs but also reduce further spread of the infection among the general population.</p
One health, une seule santé
One Health, « Une seule santĂ© », est une stratĂ©gie mondiale visant Ă dĂ©velopper les collaborations interdisciplinaires pour la santĂ© humaine, animale et environnementale. Elle promeut une approche intĂ©grĂ©e, systĂ©mique et unifiĂ©e de la santĂ© aux Ă©chelles locale, nationale et mondiale, afin de mieux affronter les maladies Ă©mergentes Ă risque pandĂ©mique, mais aussi s'adapter aux impacts environnementaux prĂ©sents et futurs. Bien que ce mouvement sâĂ©tende, la littĂ©rature en français reste rare. Traduit de lâanglais, coordonnĂ© par dâĂ©minents Ă©pidĂ©miologistes et s'appuyant sur un large panel d' approches scientifiques rarement rĂ©unies autour de la santĂ©, cet ouvrage retrace les origines du concept et prĂ©sente un contenu pratique sur les outils mĂ©thodologiques, la collecte de donnĂ©es, les techniques de surveillance et les plans dâĂ©tude. Il combine recherche et pratique en un seul volume et constitue un ouvrage de rĂ©fĂ©rence unique pour la santĂ© mondiale
A rare case of overlapping thoracic outlet syndrome attributed to an anatomical variation in the anterior scalene muscle: Diagnostic challenges and treatment approaches
Mixed thoracic outlet syndrome, which compresses arteries and nerves, is a rare disorder. Mixed thoracic outlet syndrome due to anatomical abnormalities of the anterior scalene muscle is even more sporadic. We report a case of mixed thoracic outlet syndrome in a patient with no history of trauma or vigorous exercise. We reviewed the medical literature, emphasizing the clinical role and the role of diagnostic imaging methods in a sequential approach to this syndrome