Riding the seismic waves: Re-blending teacher education in response to changing demands

Editors: G. Williams, P. Statham, N. Brown & B. Cleland ISBN Proceedings USB: 978-1-86295-644-5 published by the University of TasmaniaBlended learning plays an important role in many tertiary institutions but little has been written about the implementation of blended learning in times of adversity, natural disaster or crisis. This paper describes how, in the wake of the 22 February Canterbury earthquake, five teacher educators responded to crisis-driven changing demands and changing directions. Our narratives describe how blended learning provided students in initial teacher education programmes with some certainty and continuity during a time of civil emergency. The professional learning generated from our experiences provides valuable insights for designing and preparing for blended learning in times of crisis, as well as developing resilient blended learning programmes for the future

Study protocol for VIdeo assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy versus conventional Open LobEcTomy for lung cancer, a UK multicentre randomised controlled trial with an internal pilot (the VIOLET study)

INTRODUCTION: Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide and surgery remains the main treatment for early stage disease. Prior to the introduction of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), lung resection for cancer was undertaken through an open thoracotomy. To date, the evidence base supporting the different surgical approaches is based on non-randomised studies, small randomised trials and is focused mainly on short-term in-hospital outcomes. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The VIdeo assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy versus conventional Open LobEcTomy for lung cancer study is a UK multicentre parallel group randomised controlled trial (RCT) with blinding of outcome assessors and participants (to hospital discharge) comparing the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and acceptability of VATS lobectomy versus open lobectomy for treatment of lung cancer. We will test the hypothesis that VATS lobectomy is superior to open lobectomy with respect to self-reported physical function 5 weeks after randomisation (approximately 1 month after surgery). Secondary outcomes include assessment of efficacy (hospital stay, pain, proportion and time to uptake of chemotherapy), measures of safety (adverse health events), oncological outcomes (proportion of patients upstaged to pathologic N2 (pN2) disease and disease-free survival), overall survival and health related quality of life to 1 year. The QuinteT Recruitment Intervention is integrated into the trial to optimise recruitment. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This trial has been approved by the UK (Dulwich) National Research Ethics Service Committee London. Findings will be written-up as methodology papers for conference presentation, and publication in peer-reviewed journals. Many aspects of the feasibility work will inform surgical RCTs in general and these will be reported at methodology meetings. We will also link with lung cancer clinical studies groups. The patient and public involvement group that works with the Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit at the Brompton Hospital will help identify how we can best publicise the findings

Bezafibrate as treatment in males for Barth syndrome: CARDIOMAN, a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover RCT

This is the final version. Available from NIHR Journals Library via the DOI in this record. Data-sharing statement: Anonymised individual patient data (baseline, intervention, outcome data and AEs) will be made available for secondary research, conditional on assurance from the secondary researcher that the proposed use of the data is compliant with the UK Policy Framework for Health and Social Care Research and MRC Policy on Data Preservation and Sharing regarding scientific quality, ethical requirements and value for money. All data requests should be submitted to [email protected] for consideration, and access may be granted following review. Data will only be made available after publication of the primary results. Only data from patients who have consented for their data to be shared with other researchers will be provided.Background: Barth syndrome is a rare, life-threatening X-linked recessive mitochondrial disorder of lipid metabolism primarily affecting males. Previous research suggests that bezafibrate may ameliorate cellular lipid abnormalities and reduce cardiac dysfunction in an animal model. Objectives: Estimate the effect of bezafibrate on clinical, biochemical, and quality-of-life outcomes. Investigate whether within-participant clinical changes parallel in vitro changes in cardiolipin ratio/profile and mitochondrial morphology when each participant’s cells are cultured with bezafibrate. Investigate as for objective 2, culturing each participant’s cells with resveratrol. Describe the most feasible methods and standardised outcome measures to optimise the conduct of future trials and evaluations in Barth syndrome. Describe features of the research infrastructure which optimised recruitment, retention and communication with families and people with Barth syndrome. Describe the perceptions of participants and their families about the research and any important potential barriers to participation. Design: Randomised, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of bezafibrate versus placebo. Setting: NHS hospital providing UK-wide Barth Syndrome Service. Participants: Males aged ≥ 6 years with a confirmed diagnosis of Barth syndrome with stable cardiac status, able to swallow tablets of bezafibrate/placebo. Exclusions were: hypersensitivity or allergy to bezafibrate or any component of bezafibrate; hepatic, liver or renal dysfunction; gallbladder disease; or recent deterioration in general health. Interventions: Fifteen weeks of bezafibrate in one period and placebo in a second period, or vice versa (randomly allocated), with at least a 1-month washout between periods. Main outcome measures: The primary outcome was peak VO2; secondary outcomes were cardiac function rest and exercise echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging, cardiolipin ratio, quality of life, dynamic skeletal muscle P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mitochondrial studies and neutrophil counts, and adverse events. Outcomes were measured at baseline and the end of each period. Results: Eleven males were studied; all attended all three assessments. There was no difference in peak VO2 between periods (0.66 ml/kg/min lower with bezafibrate than placebo, 95% confidence interval 2.34 to 1.03; p = 0.43). There was a trend towards a higher left ventricular ejection fraction with bezafibrate when measured by echocardiography but not magnetic resonance imaging, and better echocardiography-derived rest longitudinal and circumferential strain with bezafibrate. There was no difference in quality of life or cardiolipin ratio between periods. Skeletal muscle 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed cross-sectionally and showed a trend to higher Tau and lower Qmax indices in the bazafibrate group. Two participants had serious, expected adverse reactions when taking bezafibrate; otherwise, bezafibrate was well tolerated. Limitations: The sample size was very small; the bezafibrate dose may have been too low or 15 weeks too short to observe an effect; measurements of mitochondrial content and membrane potential were highly variable; P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy was available only at the final assessment. Conclusions: This study did not show significant improvement in the primary and secondary outcomes with bezafibrate treatment. Future work: Elamipretide, studied in a small crossover trial in the USA, is another potential intervention which may be worth evaluating in an international study.National Institute for Health Research (NIHR

The 1000 Mitoses Project : A Consensus-Based International Collaborative Study on Mitotic Figures Classification

Introduction. The identification of mitotic figures is essential for the diagnosis, grading, and classification of various different tumors. Despite its importance, there is a paucity of literature reporting the consistency in interpreting mitotic figures among pathologists. This study leverages publicly accessible datasets and social media to recruit an international group of pathologists to score an image database of more than 1000 mitotic figures collectively. Materials and Methods. Pathologists were instructed to randomly select a digital slide from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets and annotate 10-20 mitotic figures within a 2 mm2 area. The first 1010 submitted mitotic figures were used to create an image dataset, with each figure transformed into an individual tile at 40x magnification. The dataset was redistributed to all pathologists to review and determine whether each tile constituted a mitotic figure. Results. Overall pathologists had a median agreement rate of 80.2% (range 42.0%-95.7%). Individual mitotic figure tiles had a median agreement rate of 87.1% and a fair inter-rater agreement across all tiles (kappa = 0.284). Mitotic figures in prometaphase had lower percentage agreement rates compared to other phases of mitosis. Conclusion. This dataset stands as the largest international consensus study for mitotic figures to date and can be utilized as a training set for future studies. The agreement range reflects a spectrum of criteria that pathologists use to decide what constitutes a mitotic figure, which may have potential implications in tumor diagnostics and clinical management.Peer reviewe

Weaving Digital Citizenship within Pre-Service Teacher Education: Preparing Graduate Students for High-Quality Educational Practices within Modern Learning Environments and the Virtual World

Effective beginning teachers require the digital citizenship and digital literacy skills that will enable them to participate ethically and safely, and teach effectively, in complex, digitally saturated classroom learning environments. It is increasingly important that initial teacher education providers ensure their students are able to develop the ‘Digital Literacies’ required for effective participation as digital citizens, use a range of digital technologies to support teaching and learning, and subsequently prepare their own students for safe, active participation in the digital world. This paper illustrates how digital citizenship has been woven throughout a Graduate Teacher Education qualification at the University of Canterbury in New Zealand, includes the successes and challenges identified after the first year of delivery, and recommendations for tertiary institutions interested in weaving digital citizenship throughout their teacher education qualifications

Social media and e-learning in response to seismic events : resilient practices

The motivation to adopt innovative communication and e-learning practices in education settings can be stimulated by events such as natural disasters. Education institutions in the Pacific Rim cannot avoid the likelihood of natural disasters that could close one or more buildings on a campus and affect their ability to continue current educational practices. For the University of Canterbury in New Zealand, the impetus to innovate was a series of seismic events in 2010 and 2011. This paper presents findings from studies that identified resilient practices in this organisation, which was a ‘late adopter’ of e-learning. The findings indicate that the combined use of social media and e-learning to support teaching, learning, communication, and related organisational practices fosters resilience for students, staff, and organisations in times of crises. The recommendations presented are relevant for all educational organisations that could be affected by similar events

Blended learning for academic resilience in times of disaster or crisis

Blended learning can provide academic resilience in times of natural disaster, civil emergency, and crisis. While blended pedagogies are widely used in tertiary settings, very little has been written about the role of blended learning in times of crisis, or the pedagogical challenges of rapid course redesign to mitigate disruptive circumstances. This case study describes the immediate post-earthquake challenges of redesigning courses using different blends of face-to-face and online activities to meet the needs of on-campus, regional campus, and distance pre-service teacher education students. The research question asked, "What can be learned from the experiences of academic staff directly involved in the adaptation and redesign of blended courses in a time of disaster?" This descriptive case study employed quick-response research strategies to gather time-sensitive data while it was fresh in the minds of the participants. This article discusses key findings and concludes with recommendations to assist program and course leaders to prepare in advance for resilient blended learning in times of natural disaster, crisis, and emergency

Growing resilience with social media and e-learning : the case of the University of Canterbury

A university set on a beautiful spacious landscape had little need for e-learning until it was stimulated by crises to become more innovative. This case study research provides a rich picture of rapid adoption of social media and e-learning as the ‘tide’ of e-learning rose in waves, both rising and falling as changing needs were addressed over five years (2010-2015). The overarching research question was: How has the University changed with e-learning in the wake of seismic activities? The co-evolution of digital technologies and education in this ‘late adopter’ (Rogers, 2003) university is linked with organisational development. Social media does support communication of organisational responses to crises, including increased adoption of e-learning. This paper shows there is a place for social media alongside e-learning tools and that their combined use also fosters resilience for students and academic staff (Dabner, 2012; Mackey, Gilmore, Dabner, Breeze & Buckley (2012). This case study of one University’s journey “there and back” from a major seismic event has charted only one aspect of the journey to increase resilience. Ayebi-Arthur (2016) describes more aspects that are relevant to DEANZ conference’s theme of Twin Pillars including infrastructure and e-learning support. Universities in Aotearoa New Zealand cannot dodge the likelihood of natural disasters that can close one or more buildings on a campus (Seville, Hawker, & Lyttle, 2012). The findings are also relevant to other crises such as those caused by weather and digital infrastructure. Research question: How has the University changed with e-learning in the wake of seismic activities