17 research outputs found

    Crédito rural e desmatamento provocado pela pecuária: evidências para o Brasil

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    The National Rural Credit System (SNCR) influences Brazilian livestock in several ways. It can stimulate industrialization, commercialization, or even the adoption of more productive techniques. What is proposed is to use empirical estimates to identify whether the SNCR has any relationship with the level of deforestation in the country. Using information from 5,007 Brazilian municipalities between 2013 and 2018, and focusing only on livestock activity, it was concluded that the form of distribution of resources (investment, costing, commercialization, and industrialization) affects deforestation to form pasture. Values destined for family livestock are negatively correlated with deforestation, as well as the possibility of monitoring the use of resources. It is also concluded that the higher the price level of live cattle, the greater the expectation of deforestation. Finally, fixed variables such as ’distance to commercial centers’ and ’soil suitability’ were also positively correlated with deforestation for livestock activity.O Sistema Nacional de Crédito Rural (SNCR) influencia a pecuária brasileira de diversas formas. Ele pode estimular a industrialização, a comercialização ou mesmo adoção de técnicas mais produtivas. O que se propõe neste trabalho é utilizar estimativas empíricas para identificar se a forma como o SNCR está estruturado tem alguma relação com o nível de desmatamento no país. Utilizando informações sobre 5.007 municípios brasileiros entre os anos de 2013 e 2018, e focando apenas na atividade pecuária, conclui-se que a forma de distribuição dos recursos (investimento, custeio, comercialização e industrialização) afeta o desmatamento para formação de pastagem. Os valores destinados à pecuária familiar estão correlacionados negativamente com o desmatamento, assim como a possibilidade de fiscalização do emprego dos recursos. Também conclui-se que, quanto maior o nível de preço para o boi gordo, maior a expectativa de desmatamento. Por fim, variáveis fixas como ’distância até centros comerciais’ e ’aptidão do solo’ também se mostraram positivamente correlacionadas com o desmatamento para atividade pecuária nos municípios

    Especulação no Mercado Futuro de Commodities Agrícolas e o Papel da Regulação Governamental e da Autorregulação da BM&FBOVESPA

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    Purpose ”“ This study tackles the relationship between the agricultural commodities price increase and the financial speculation in the commodities exchange (BM&FBOVESPA), and the role of government regulation and self-regulation on that arena. Methodology/approach/design ”“ At first, it seeks to portray the problem and establish a possible relationship of cause and effect between speculation and price increases. In a second moment, it analyzes the government regulation and the implications in having the same regulatory body - BM&FBOVESPA - responsible for creating rules and simultaneously participates in the market. Findings ”“ As a result, this study affirms the complementarity between the two forms of regulation, the persistent confusion between them and the need for rather addressing the nature of the rules than its source organization. Practical implications ”“ With this, I hope to contribute with new areas of discussion about commodity futures trading regulation, emphasizing deeper institutional analysis, as well as the importance of quality of established rules and the complementarity between different forms of regulation.Purpose ”“ This study tackles the relationship between the agricultural commodities price increase and the financial speculation in the commodities exchange (BM&FBOVESPA), and the role of government regulation and self-regulation on that arena. Methodology/approach/design ”“ At first, it seeks to portray the problem and establish a possible relationship of cause and effect between speculation and price increases. In a second moment, it analyzes the government regulation and the implications in having the same regulatory body - BM&FBOVESPA - responsible for creating rules and simultaneously participates in the market. Findings ”“ As a result, this study affirms the complementarity between the two forms of regulation, the persistent confusion between them and the need for rather addressing the nature of the rules than its source organization. Practical implications ”“ With this, I hope to contribute with new areas of discussion about commodity futures trading regulation, emphasizing deeper institutional analysis, as well as the importance of quality of established rules and the complementarity between different forms of regulation.Propósito ”“ O propósito deste estudo é o de abordar a relação existente entre o aumento do preço das commodities agrícolas e sua especulação financeira na Bolsa de Mercadorias e Futuros (BM&FBOVESPA), assim como o papel da regulação governamental e da autorregulação exercida pela própria BM&FBOVESPA frente a esse problema. Metodologia/abordagem/design ”“ Busca-se retratar o problema e apontar opiniões opostas sobre a possível relação de causa e efeito entre especulação e aumento de preços. Em um segundo momento, procura-se tratar da regulação governamental e das implicações em se ter uma mesma organização, nesse caso a BM&FBOVESPA, responsável por criar normas e simultaneamente participar do mercado. Resultados ”“ Como resultado, afirma-se a complementariedade entre as formas de regulação, a persistente confusão entre elas e uma maior atenção à natureza das regras criadas, e não tanto à sua organização de origem. Implicações práticas ”“ Espera-se, desta maneira, contribuir com novas frentes de discussão sobre a regulação dos mercados futuros de commodities, enfatizando uma análise institucional mais profunda, assim como a importância da qualidade das regras criadas e a complementaridade entre distintas formas de regulação para a resolução de problemas

    Especulação no Mercado Futuro de Commodities Agrícolas e o Papel da Regulação Governamental e da Autorregulação da BM&FBOVESPA

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    Propósito – O propósito deste estudo é o de abordar a relação existente entre o aumento do preço das commodities agrícolas e sua especulação financeira na Bolsa de Mercadorias e Futuros (BM&FBOVESPA), assim como o papel da regulação governamental e da autorregulação exercida pela própria BM&FBOVESPA frente a esse problema. Metodologia/abordagem/design – Busca-se retratar o problema e apontar opiniões opostas sobre a possível relação de causa e efeito entre especulação e aumento de preços. Em um segundo momento, procura-se tratar da regulação governamental e das implicações em se ter uma mesma organização, nesse caso a BM&FBOVESPA, responsável por criar normas e simultaneamente participar do mercado. Resultados – Como resultado, afirma-se a complementariedade entre as formas de regulação, a persistente confusão entre elas e uma maior atenção à natureza das regras criadas, e não tanto à sua organização de origem. Implicações práticas – Espera-se, desta maneira, contribuir com novas frentes de discussão sobre a regulação dos mercados futuros de commodities, enfatizando uma análise institucional mais profunda, assim como a importância da qualidade das regras criadas e a complementaridade entre distintas formas de regulação para a resolução de problemas

    LIQUIDEZ DOS CONTRATOS FUTUROS DE MILHO NEGOCIADOS NA BM&FBOVESPA

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    Compreendendo a importância do mercado futuro de commodities agrícolas para a redução dos riscos inerentes à própria atividade agrícola, este estudo contemplou os números de contratos futuros de milho — negociados e em aberto na BM&FBOVEPA — entre os anos de 2004 e 2015. Também foram determinadas as médias diárias de contratos negociados e em aberto, tanto para o período total de vigência de cada contrato quanto para o período que compreende os três meses antecedentes a seu mês de vencimento. A importância deste trabalho está em revelar dois aspectos: a baixa liquidez dos contratos futuros de milho analisados em plena vigência e a expressiva liquidez apresentada por eles quando analisados durante os três meses que antecedem seu vencimento.

    Predictors of Enhancing Human Physical Attractiveness: Data from 93 Countries

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    People across the world and throughout history have gone to great lengths to enhance their physical appearance. Evolutionary psychologists and ethologists have largely attempted to explain this phenomenon via mating preferences and strategies. Here, we test one of the most popular evolutionary hypotheses for beauty-enhancing behaviors, drawn from mating market and parasite stress perspectives, in a large cross-cultural sample. We also test hypotheses drawn from other influential and non-mutually exclusive theoretical frameworks, from biosocial role theory to a cultural media perspective. Survey data from 93,158 human participants across 93 countries provide evidence that behaviors such as applying makeup or using other cosmetics, hair grooming, clothing style, caring for body hygiene, and exercising or following a specific diet for the specific purpose of improving ones physical attractiveness, are universal. Indeed, 99% of participants reported spending \u3e10 min a day performing beauty-enhancing behaviors. The results largely support evolutionary hypotheses: more time was spent enhancing beauty by women (almost 4 h a day, on average) than by men (3.6 h a day), by the youngest participants (and contrary to predictions, also the oldest), by those with a relatively more severe history of infectious diseases, and by participants currently dating compared to those in established relationships. The strongest predictor of attractiveness-enhancing behaviors was social media usage. Other predictors, in order of effect size, included adhering to traditional gender roles, residing in countries with less gender equality, considering oneself as highly attractive or, conversely, highly unattractive, TV watching time, higher socioeconomic status, right-wing political beliefs, a lower level of education, and personal individualistic attitudes. This study provides novel insight into universal beauty-enhancing behaviors by unifying evolutionary theory with several other complementary perspectives

    Avaliação do mercado futuro do milho brasileiro como mecanismo de apoio à comercialização para os produtores de Goiás

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    Estudou-se o mercado futuro brasileiro de milho como sendo um mecanismo de apoio à comercialização para os produtores goianos. Avaliaram-se os contratos futuros de milho negociados na BM&FBOVESPA, concluindo que os mesmos podem, realmente, ser utilizados em estratégias de hedging. Como metodologia, foram utilizados três aspectos envolvendo tal mercado, sendo eles: a liquidez dos contratos futuros de milho; o comportamento da base do milho em cidades goianas, onde o produto alcança certo destaque em nível de produção e comercialização e a razão ótima de hedge para essas mesmas localidades. Os resultados encontrados demonstram evolução no número de contratos futuros negociados, apesar daqueles contratos com vencimento em julho e outubro ainda apresentarem baixa liquidez. Concluiu-se, ainda, que para a maioria das cidades pesquisadas, a base do milho apresenta um comportamento que possibilita aos produtores realizarem estratégias de hedge. Porém, quanto à razão ótima de hedge, a mesma apresentou valor médio para a região de apenas 41%, a uma efetividade média de 17%. _____________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTWas studied the Brazilian futures market for corn as a marketing support mechanism to the Goiás Producers. Was evaluated if corn futures contracts traded on BM&FBOVESPA may actually be used in hedging strategies. As methodology, were analyzed three aspects involving such a Market: the liquidity of corn futures contracts; the corn basis behavior in five cities of Goiás, where the product reaches certain level of prominence in production and marketing, and the optimal hedge ratio for these same locations. The results demonstrate increase in the number of traded futures contracts, despite those contracts maturing in July and October still present low liquidity. It revealed also that, for the majority of cities, the basis of corn presents a behavior that enables producers perform hedge strategies. However, about the optimal hedge ratio, it showed average value for the region of only 41%, with an average of 17% effectiveness

    Combination of Conventional Drugs with Biocompounds Derived from Cinnamic Acid: A Promising Option for Breast Cancer Therapy

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    Despite the options available for breast cancer (BC) therapy, several adverse effects and resistance limit the success of the treatment. Furthermore, the use of a single drug is associated with a high failure rate. We investigated through a systematic review the in vitro effects of the combination between conventional drugs and bioactive compounds derived from cinnamic acid in BC treatment. The information was acquired from the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, Lilacs and Cochrane library. We focused on “Cinnamates”, “Drug Combinations” and “Breast neoplasms” for publications dating between January 2012 and December 2022, based on the PRISMA statement. The references of the articles were carefully reviewed. Finally, nine eligible studies were included. The majority of these studies were performed using MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468 and BT-20 cell lines and the combination between cisplatin, paclitaxel, doxorubicin, tamoxifen, dactolisib and veliparib, with caffeic acid phenethyl ester, eugenol, 3-caffeoylquinic acid, salvianolic acid A, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid and ursolic acid. The combination improved overall conventional drug effects, with increased cytotoxicity, antimigratory effect and reversing resistance. Combining conventional drugs with bioactive compounds derived from cinnamic acid could emerge as a privileged scaffold for establishing new treatment options for different BC types

    Combination of Conventional Drugs with Biocompounds Derived from Cinnamic Acid: A Promising Option for Breast Cancer Therapy

    No full text
    Despite the options available for breast cancer (BC) therapy, several adverse effects and resistance limit the success of the treatment. Furthermore, the use of a single drug is associated with a high failure rate. We investigated through a systematic review the in vitro effects of the combination between conventional drugs and bioactive compounds derived from cinnamic acid in BC treatment. The information was acquired from the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, Lilacs and Cochrane library. We focused on “Cinnamates”, “Drug Combinations” and “Breast neoplasms” for publications dating between January 2012 and December 2022, based on the PRISMA statement. The references of the articles were carefully reviewed. Finally, nine eligible studies were included. The majority of these studies were performed using MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468 and BT-20 cell lines and the combination between cisplatin, paclitaxel, doxorubicin, tamoxifen, dactolisib and veliparib, with caffeic acid phenethyl ester, eugenol, 3-caffeoylquinic acid, salvianolic acid A, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid and ursolic acid. The combination improved overall conventional drug effects, with increased cytotoxicity, antimigratory effect and reversing resistance. Combining conventional drugs with bioactive compounds derived from cinnamic acid could emerge as a privileged scaffold for establishing new treatment options for different BC types
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