13 research outputs found
DNA repair, genome stability and cancer: a historical perspective
The multistep process of cancer progresses over many years. The prevention of mutations by DNA repair pathways led to an early appreciation of a role for repair in cancer avoidance. However, the broader role of the DNA damage response (DDR) emerged more slowly. In this Timeline article, we reflect on how our understanding of the steps leading to cancer developed, focusing on the role of the DDR. We also consider how our current knowledge can be exploited for cancer therapy
Targeting ATR in vivo using the novel inhibitor VE-822 results in selective sensitization of pancreatic tumors to radiation
Limiting replication stress during somatic cell reprogramming reduces genomic instability in induced pluripotent stem cells
The generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from adult somatic cells is one of the most remarkable discoveries in recent decades. However, several works have reported evidence of genomic instability in iPSC, raising concerns on their biomedical use. The reasons behind the genomic instability observed in iPSC remain mostly unknown. Here we show that, similar to the phenomenon of oncogene-induced replication stress, the expression of reprogramming factors induces replication stress. Increasing the levels of the checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) reduces reprogramming-induced replication stress and increases the efficiency of iPSC generation. Similarly, nucleoside supplementation during reprogramming reduces the load of DNA damage and genomic rearrangements on iPSC. Our data reveal that lowering replication stress during reprogramming, genetically or chemically, provides a simple strategy to reduce genomic instability on mouse and human iPSC.S.R. was funded by a Ramon y Cajal contract (RYC-2011-09242) and a grant (SAF2013-49147-P) from the MINECO. Work in NB laboratory was supported by a grant from the Ontario Institute for Cancer Research. T.M.-B. is supported by grants from the European Research Council (ERC StG 260372) and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (BFU2011-28549). Work in O.F.-C. laboratory was supported by Fundaci贸n Bot铆n, by Banco Santander through its Santander Universities Global Division and by grants from MINECO (SAF2011-23753), Worldwide Cancer Research (12-0229), Fundaci贸 La Marato de TV3, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the European Research Council (ERC-617840)