Results of a multicentre UK-wide compassionate use programme evaluating the efficacy of idelalisib monotherapy in relapsed, refractory follicular lymphoma.

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent B-cell malignancy with a variable course. Standard immuno-chemotherapy incorporate alkylator and anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody as first line (Rummel et al, 2013) commonly followed by 24 months rituximab maintenance (Salles et al, 2008). Anthracycline, purine analogue, and alkylator combination are used at relapse and younger patients may have remissions consolidated with autologous or allogeneic stem-cell transplantation (alloSCT) (Kothari et al, 2014). Relapsed or refractory (R/R) FL in patients unfit for transplantation or post-transplantation is incurable, and remains an unmet need

Welcome to the jungle: An orientation guide to the disorder of mathematics education

This introductory chapter builds on the assumption that the sociopolitical dimensions of mathematics education have been gradually recognised as an important part of mathematics education research. We problematise the process of institutionalising these dimensions as a firm strand of mathematics education research just as “philosophy of mathematics (education)”, “history of mathematics (education)”, “modelling and applications” or “geometry”. This leads us to identify and conceptualise “disorder” as the foundation of the sociopolitical dimensions and accordingly to propose a shift from focussing diversity towards focussing disorder. Finally, we illustrate how the chapters of this book contribute to such an alternative self-conception of sociopolitical research in mathematics education

Transport of Anthocyanins and other Flavonoids by the Arabidopsis ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter AtABCC2

Flavonoids have important developmental, physiological, and ecological roles in plants and are primarily stored in the large central vacuole. Here we show that both an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter(s) and an H+-antiporter(s) are involved in the uptake of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (C3G) by Arabidopsis vacuolar membrane-enriched vesicles. We also demonstrate that vesicles isolated from yeast expressing the ABC protein AtABCC2 are capable of MgATP-dependent uptake of C3G and other anthocyanins. The uptake of C3G by AtABCC2 depended on the co-transport of glutathione (GSH). C3G was not altered during transport and a GSH conjugate was not formed. Vesicles from yeast expressing AtABCC2 also transported flavone and flavonol glucosides. We performed ligand docking studies to a homology model of AtABCC2 and probed the putative binding sites of C3G and GSH through site-directed mutagenesis and functional studies. These studies identified residues important for substrate recognition and transport activity in AtABCC2, and suggest that C3G and GSH bind closely, mutually enhancing each other’s binding. In conclusion, we suggest that AtABCC2 along with possibly other ABCC proteins are involved in the vacuolar transport of anthocyanins and other flavonoids in the vegetative tissue of Arabidopsis