Anesthesia of Epinephelus marginatus with essential oil of Aloysia polystachya: an approach on blood parameters

This study investigated the anesthetic potential of the essential oil (EO) of Aloysia polystachya in juveniles of dusky grouper (Epinephelus marginatus). Fish were exposed to different concentrations of EO of A. polystachya to evaluate time of induction and recovery from anesthesia. In the second experiment, fish were divided into four groups: control, ethanol and 50 or 300 mu L L-1 EO of A. polystachya, and each group was submitted to induction for 3.5 min and recovery for 5 or 10 min. The blood gases and glucose levels showed alterations as a function of the recovery times, but Na+ and K+ levels did not show any alteration. In conclusion, the EO from leaves of A. polystachya is an effective anesthetic for dusky grouper, because anesthesia was reached within the recommended time at EO concentrations of 300 and 400 mu L L-1. However, most evaluated blood parameters showed compensatory responses due to EO exposure.Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul/Programa de Apoio a Nucleos de Excelencia (FAPERGS/PRONEX) [10/0016-8]; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) [470964/2009-0]; Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior, Brazil (CAPES)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Globalization, educational targeting and stable inequalities : a comparative analysis of Argentina, Brazil and Chile

This article analyzes educational targeting in Argentina, Brazil and Chile from a sociological point of view. In essence, it presents the 'logic of induction' as an ideal type. This pedagogic discourse is the vehicle of an educational anti-poverty strategy that expects to induce clearly targeted groups to improve on their own. The analysis explores the influence of the global educational agenda, the empirical connection between this discourse and the mechanism of emulation as well as the territorialization of educational inequality. Emulation plays the main role inasmuch as the logic of induction eventually leads the target groups to compare their adverse situation with more privileged groups, what legitimizes the current structures of categorical inequality (Tilly 1998). Finally, a brief statistical summary reports that the trends of educational inequality have remained stable as far as urban- rural ratios (in Brazil and Chile) and regional disparities (in the three countries) are concerned

O corpo nas atualizações do racismo contemporâneo The body in updated racism

Analiso o conceito de racismo a partir de suas relações com o tema dos discursos corporais e sua centralidade na produção dos sujeitos contemporâneos. Atravessa esta discussão a problemática de que o processo de investimento e valorização do corpo não pode ser apartado de todas as discussões suscitadas pelo crescente investimento sobre a vida advinda pelo biopoder - um poder que se pauta por "fazer viver e deixar morrer" e que também implica, no caso das discussões empreendidas neste artigo, em práticas racistas que envolvem a apartação dos nomeados como "diferentes" numa desenfreada busca pela "pureza", referida nas escritas analisadas como sendo uma característica de pessoas "magras" em oposição às "gordas". Discuto, portanto, a existência de atualizações do racismo no contemporâneo quando se trata de matar também pelas palavras, silêncios, julgamentos morais, em suma, pelas construções diferenciais dos "outros" em prol das referências identitárias.<br>I have analysed racism concept from its relationship with the body discourses and its centrality when making contemporary subjects. It is critical here that the process of investing and valuing the body cannot be separated from all discussions suggested by the growing investment on life coming from biopower - a power based on 'live and let die' and which, in the case of discussions analysed in this paper, also implies racist practices involving separating people as 'different ones' in an unbridled search for 'purity' referred to in the analysed writings as a characteristic for 'thin' people as opposed to 'fat' ones. So I have discussed the existence of updated contemporary racism, once it is also possible to kill with words, silence, and moral judgment; that is, through constructing the 'others' as different in the name of identity references

O "Programa Alfabetização Solidária": terceirização no contexto da reforma do Estado "Programa Alfabetização Solidária" literacy program and State reform in Brazil

O presente trabalho busca analisar o Programa Alfabetização Solidária a partir de um modelo de Estado proposto pelo governo do presidente Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1997-2002). Considera-se que a proposta de Reforma do Estado ali desenvolvida, a partir do conceito de publicização, teve sua derivação na área social-assistencial do governo na Comunidade Solidária, um ensaio de terceirização na área das políticas sociais. O Alfabetização Solidária, subprograma deste, foi a versão para a área de educação. De modo que algumas características desse Programa específico devem ser discutidas e contextualizadas à luz de um marco mais amplo, analisando conceitos como terceirização, filantropia, empregabilidade temporária, participação social e direito à educação.<br>This article analyses the "Programa de Afabetização Solidária" Literacy Program as a product of the model of State proposed during the two presidential terms of Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1997-2002), in Brazil. I analysed the proposal of State Reform based on publicization and its counterpart in the social-assistance area of the government: the creation of the Solidarity Community ("Comunidade Solidária"). This was a test of outsourcing in the social policy area and the "Programa de Afabetização Solidária"Solidarity in Literacy Program, which arose as a subproject of that one, was a laboratory that developed that State model in the educational area. For this reason, some characteristics of this Program are discussed within that frame and concepts like outsourcing, philanthropy, use of cheap and temporary labor force, participation and right to education are analyzed