Estımatıon of vulnerabılıty agaınst snow avalanches for vıllage- type Turkısh buıldıngs

Çığ felaketlerinin ortaya çıkardığı zararların en düşük seviyeye indirilmesinde yeterli doğruluk ve kesinliğe sahip risk analiz metodlarının uygulanması büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bir risk analizinin başarılı olması için, hasar görebilirlik derecesinin, söz konusu etki ve yapı türü için yeterli doğrulukta belirlenmiş olması bir ön koşuldur. Bu noktadan hareketle, bu çalışmada Bayburt ili, Üzengili köyünde 1993 yılında yaşanmış bir çığ afeti tek boyutlu olarak modellenmiştir Elde edilen hız değerleri köyde bulunan binalara etkiyen basınçların belirlenmesinde kullanılmıştır. Çığın yaşandığı yerleşim birimindeki tipik yapı özellikleri incelenmiş, binaların hasar durumu tespit edilmiş ve bu koşullar için bir hasar görebilirlik- basınç ilişkisi elde edilmiştir.It is essential to utilize accurate and reliable risk estimation methodologies to minimize the amount of damage due to avalanche disasters. In order to perform a successful risk analysis, the degree of vulnerability should be properly obtained for the type of impact and structure in consideration. Considering this point, in this study, a snow avalanche disaster that occurred in the village of Üzengili of Bayburt Province in 1993 was modeled in 1-D. The resulting velocity values were used to estimate the pressures acting on the structures. The structural properties of the buildings in the village were examined thoroughly, the degree of damage for each building was calculated, and a vulnerability ralation as a function of pressure was obtained

Hippocampal volumes and cognitive functions in adult alcoholic patients with adolescent-onset

This study investigated hippocampal volumes and cognitive functions in adult alcoholic patients with adolescent- or late-onset alcohol use. Twenty-one male alcohol dependent inpatients and 13 healthy male controls were enrolled in this study. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging to measure hippocampal volumes and neuropsychological tests were performed in week 4 of abstinence in the patients and controls. The patients were divided into two subgroups (adolescent- and late-onset subgroups) according to the onset age of alcohol use. Alcoholic patients in general had significantly smaller right hippocampal volumes than the healthy controls. Patients' immediate memory, attention, acquisition and working memory subtest scores were inferior to those of the controls. The right hippocampus was significantly smaller in adult alcoholic patients with adolescent-onset use compared to the controls and the late-onset group. There was no significant correlation between neuropsychological test scores and hippocampal volumes. Our results suggest that hippocampal volume loss might be a feature of adolescent-onset alcoholic patients rather than of late-onset ones. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

The Study of the Friction Properties of AA6082 and AA7075 Material Journal Bearings Coated with Micro Arc Oxidation

In this study, AA7075 and AA6082 alloy bearing materials were coated with Micro Arc Oxidation (MAO) method by keeping the electrolyte composition, electric current, coating period, and coating thickness fixed. Tests were conducted on AA7075 and AA6082 material bearings coated and non-coated with Statically Loaded Journal Bearing Test Apparatus (SLJBTA) with 5, 10, 50, 100, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 rpm shaft speeds and under the static bearing loads of 150, 250 and 500 N with the lubricant temperature of 40 degrees C. Mineral-based oil was used in the lubrication of the test bearings. The friction coefficients (mu) occurring in the bearing were measured. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used in the surface analyses of the bearing samples, and the material analyses were conducted with x-ray diffraction (XRD). It was determined from the experiments that while mu values were higher in both MAO-coated samples than the non-coated samples under the boundary lubrication conditions in low revolutions, the mu values of the coated samples decreased in high revolutions. Also, mu values increased in non-coated samples. In the aluminum alloys (AA6082 and AA7075), while MAO coating caused the mu values to increase under boundary lubrication conditions, it caused the mu values to decrease under liquid film lubrication conditions