In Memoriam. A word from Union Theological Seminary in New York

Der vorliegende Band vereint die Reden, die auf der akademischen Gedenkveranstaltung in der Universität Hamburg am 27. April 2004 gehalten wurden. Sie wurden um eine Predigt von Dorothee Sölle und drei exemplarische Zeugnisse als Echo auf ihren Tod ergänzt.This volume brings together the speeches given at the academic commemoration ceremony at the University of Hamburg on 27 April 2004. They were supplemented by a sermon by Dorothee Sölle and three exemplary testimonies as an echo of her death

Kinetic and Thermodynamic Preferences in Aryl vs Benzylic C−H Bond Activation with Cationic Pt(II) Complexes

Anhydrous cationic Pt(II) complexes [(NN)Pt(CH_3)(CF_3CD_2OD)]+ (1, NN = ArNC(Me)−C(Me)NAr), which are obtained by reaction of (NN)Pt(CH_3)_2 with B(C_6F_5)_3 in CF_3CD_2OD, activate C−H bonds of benzene and methylbenzenes, with enhanced reactivity compared to the previously prepared equilibrium mixtures with the (thermodynamically favored) aquo complexes. For methylbenzenes (toluene, p-xylene, mesitylene), activation at the aromatic and benzylic positions are kinetically competitive, but the product of the latter is strongly favored thermodynamically. This unusual trend is attributed to formation of η^3-benzyl structures, which can be observed spectroscopically for 1,4-diethylbenzene activation

Mechanism of C−H Bond Activation of Alkyl-Substituted Benzenes by Cationic Platinum(II) Complexes

While all methyl- and ethyl-substituted benzenes react with diimine Pt(II) methyl cations to give η^3-benzyl products, they do not all get there by the same pathway. For toluene and p-xylene, isotopic labeling shows that initial activation occurs at aryl positions with subsequent intermolecular conversion to the benzyl product. For ethylbenzene and 1,4-diethylbenzene, initial activation takes place exclusively at aryl C−H bonds, and conversion to the η^3-benzyl product takes place via intramolecular isomerization. Only in the most extreme case of steric crowding the reaction of a bulky diimine platinum methyl cation (Ar = Mes) with triethylbenzene does direct activation of the ethyl group become preferred to aryl activation

C−H Bond Activation by Dicationic Platinum(II) Complexes

Double protonolysis of diimine platinum dimethyls [(N-N)PtMe_2] (N-N ═ ArNC(Me)C(Me) ═ NAr) generates dicationic Pt(II) complexes that can activate a variety of C−H bonds, liberating 1 equiv of acid and forming organoplatinum species that are moderately stable to the resulting acidic conditions. Ethylbenzenes lead to η^3-benzyl complexes; mechanistic experiments suggest that η^3-benzyl product formation proceeds via C−H bond activation at the benzylic methylene position. In some cases π-arene complexes can be observed, but their role in the C−H activation process is not clear. Cyclohexane and 1-pentene react to give η^3-allyl complexes; allylbenzene gives a chelated phenyl-η^2-olefin structure, as determined by X-ray diffraction. No stable C−H activation products are obtained from methylbenzenes, benzene itself, or alkanes

The Trail, 1963-10-16

https://soundideas.pugetsound.edu/thetrail_all/1875/thumbnail.jp

On the dynamics of social hierarchy: A longitudinal investigation of the rise and fall of prestige, dominance, and social rank in naturalistic task groups

The pursuit of social rank pervades all human societies and the position that an individual occupies within a hierarchy has important effects on their social and reproductive success. Whilst recent research has indicated that there are two distinct routes to rank attainment—dominance (through the induction of fear) and prestige (through respect and admiration)—this empirical evidence has generally provided only a cross-sectional snapshot of how the two processes operate in human hierarchy. Whether dominance and prestige are potentially viable long-term strategies, rather than more effective short-term tactics, for acquiring rank in groups remains an open question. The current research addresses this gap by examining the temporal dynamics between prestige, dominance and social rank using a dynamic, evolutionary approach to understanding human social hierarchy, and thus supplies the first longitudinal empirical assessment of these variables’ relationships. Using naturalistic student project groups comprised of 3-5 teammates, the present research tracks the temporal relationships between prestige, dominance and social rank— provided through round-robin teammate-ratings—from the initial formation of collaborative task groups through to the end of a 16-week long academic semester. Results indicate that, whilst dominance and prestige both promoted social rank in unacquainted groups initially and were distinct processes throughout the period examined, only prestige had a positive effect on social rank over time. Further results reveal that the temporal relationship between prestige and social rank was bidirectional, such that acquiring social rank further perpetuates future prestige. Overall, findings present a framework for the longitudinal distinction between prestige and dominance