Axillary Arch (Of Langer): Incidence, Innervation, Importance

The present study was planned to find out the incidence of accessory muscle arches in the axilla of 68 upper limb (38 right and 30 left) dissections. Langer’s arch was observed in one right limb out of the 68 limbs, total incidence was 1.47%. The arch extended from the latissimus dorsi to the fascia covering the biceps brachii. The incidence is low in South Indian population (Dravidians) compared to the various other populations reported in literature. A branch from the lateral cord of brachial plexus supplied it in contrast with the previous reports. The surgical significance of this muscle is reviewe

Effect Of Oestradiol On Mouse Vaginal Epithelium

Oestradiol which induces the proliferation of the vaginal epithelium is used in the oestrogen replacement therapy for menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. The exact onset of induced cell proliferation and recovery to the controlled level has not been reported before. Hence this study was done in ovariectomised mice and the period of cellular response to ethinyl estradiol, a semisynthetic ester (0.025mg/kg) was recorded. The vaginal epithelium was studied for histological changes and incidence of mitotic figures. The onset of proliferation started at 4h after exposure and reached its maximum at 32h and declined gradually thereafter to reach the base level at 60h

Orbital MALT Lymphoma: A Case Report

A case of orbital MALT (mucous associated lymphoid tissue) lymphoma is reported for its rarity. It presented as a large tumor obscuring the whole eye with loss of vision, without any signs of dissemination and remained free of recurrence or metastasis 12 months after undergoing simple surgical excision

Critical analysis on physiological understanding of Indriya

According to Ayurveda classic texts Indriyas (Sense organ) are the apparatus to attain knowledge for Atma. These are the tools for obtaining knowledge. The Gyanendriya (sensory faculties) present inside body conjoins with the Mana (mind) which is unites with Atma and thereafter knowledge is perceived. Lastly the Buddhi (intellect) aspect of the respective Indriya knowledge is gained. Indriya are Panchabautika. Each Gyanendriya has dominance of one Mahabhuta and particular Indriya receives only Guna of that Mahabhuta in the form of stimulus. This is the reason behind reception of specific sensation by its respective Indriya. E.g., Prithvi Mahabhuta dominates Ghranendriya and receives knowledge of Gandha. Considering the above said, present paper focuses upon critical analysis on physiological aspects of Gyanendriyas. Understanding the concept of Gyanendriya is an important step in learning of Kriya Sharir. It enables scholars of Ayurveda to learn normal physiology of Indriya (senses) to diagnose any illness related to it

Different factors influencing Deha Prakriti (constitution) and influenced by Prakriti (constitution)

Complete psychosomatic architect of an individual is represented by his Prakriti (constitution) which starts to take shape at the very first step of conception in mother’s womb. Deeds of previous incarnation, physical and psychological state of mother and father during conception, nutrition and regimen of mother, social melue, practice of wholesomeness by mother (during pregnancy) and child in postnatal period and many more factors are attributed in the Prakriti formation. Thus generated Prakriti helps in understanding the health and disease state of an individual and facilitate in promotive and curative aspects. Not only this, inherited psycho constution (Manasik Prakriti) is also very helpful in prediction and deciding the profession, effectiveness and efficiency evaluation too. Management education sector, Life and Health insurance sectors are now showing a keen interest in incorporating concept of Prakriti (constitution) in their business. Genomic relations of Prakriti concept of Ayurveda in the recent researches in India and abroad has established the facts that the difference in genomic make up is responsible for all variations in health and disease state of life which we have analyzed and summarized in this review. In the present literary research paper all the factors which influence the Prakriti are enumerated in classified manner and different types of psychosomatic contributions are detailed along with their effect on health and disease condition of life as well as preventive and promotive aspects

Study on Pramana Shareera in relation to Prakriti

Ayurveda in its principle has given importance to individualistic approach rather than generalize. Application of this examination can be clearly seem like even though two patients suffering from same disease, the treatment modality may change depending upon the results of Dashvidha Pariksha. Prakruti and Pramana both used in Dashvidha Pariksha. Both determine the health of the individual and Bala (strength) of Rogi (Patient). Ayurveda followed Swa-angula Pramana as the unit of measurement for measuring the different parts of the body which is prime step assessing patient before treatment. Sushruta and Charaka had stated different Angula Pramana of each Pratyanga (body parts). Specificity is the characteristic property of Swa-angula Pramana. This can be applicable in present era for example artificial limbs. A scientific research includes collection, compilation, analysis and lastly scrutiny of entire findings to arrive at a conclusion. Study of Pramana and its relation with Prakruti was conducted in 1000 volunteers using Prakruti Parkishan proforma with an objective of evaluation of Anguli Pramana in various Prakriti. It was observed co-relating Pramana in each Prakruti and Granthokta Pramana that there is no vast difference in measurement of head, upper limb and lower limb. The observational study shows closer relation of features with classical texts

Importance of Pramana Pareeksha in Clinical Practice

In Ayurveda the term Pareeksha is used in place of Pramana. The synonyms of Pareeksha are Pramana, Saadana, Jnana, Upalabdhi. Pariksha means through which investigation cognition of valid apprehension of the state of the object arise is called Pariksha. Which is investigated in depth, establishment of reality of an object is Pareeksha. “Rogamadou Pareekshet Tathonantaram Aoushadam” it is very essential that before planning any treatment one should have complete knowledge of Roga and Rogibala. The purpose of examination is to obtain knowledge regarding span of life, strength and intensity of morbidity. Hence patient to be examined in respect of Prakruti (constitution of body), Vikruti (pathological examination), Sara (examination of elemental tissue and mind), Samhana (examination of compactness of body), Pramana (measurement), Satmya (suitability), Satva (examination of mental constitution), Aaharashakti (examination of digestive power), Vyayamashakti (examination of strength by exercise), Vaya (examination of age). Among these Dashavidha Pareeksha except Vikruti Pareeksha is to be done to understand the overview condition of the person. Vikrutipariksha is to be done to elicit the factors which are responsible for the pathogenesis of the diseases

Financial Management Strategies for Sustainable Farming Practices

This paper delves into the multifaceted realm of sustainable farming, offering a holistic view of its definition, significance, and the manifold benefits it brings to the agricultural landscape. Sustainable farming represents a paradigm shift in agriculture, emphasizing environmental responsibility, societal well-being, and economic viability. The benefits it offers span across the realms of environmental conservation, social equity, and financial sustainability, making it a compelling and pressing approach for modern farmers. The financial fundamentals of sustainable farming are explored, covering crucial aspects such as budgeting, cash flow management, and the integration of sustainable technologies. Sound financial management is pivotal for ensuring that eco-friendly practices align with economic stability and long-term prosperity. Risk management is another cornerstone, with a focus on identifying and mitigating potential threats, as well as the role of insurance and hedging in safeguarding farming operations. Access to capital is addressed from both traditional and alternative sources, highlighting the significance of financial support for the adoption of sustainable practices. Record-keeping and financial analysis are essential tools for farmers, facilitating informed decision-making, performance tracking, and the adaptability of strategies to achieve maximum sustainability benefits. Study underscores the pivotal role of government support, encapsulating policies, incentives, and tax benefits designed to encourage sustainable farming practices and compliance with regulatory standards. By adhering to these guidelines, farmers not only contribute to environmental conservation but also secure their economic future

Risk Assessment and Portfolio Optimization in Agriculture Investments

This review paper provides a comprehensive exploration of agriculture investments, emphasizing the pivotal role of integrating risk assessment and portfolio optimization strategies. It begins with an overview of agriculture investments, highlighting their significance in the broader financial landscape. The paper delves into risk assessment, covering various risks inherent in agricultural investments and elucidating pertinent methodologies, including historical data analysis, climate and weather risk assessment, and market and price risk assessment. Subsequently, the paper addresses portfolio optimization, detailing diversification strategies, asset allocation models, and investment portfolio management tools. These components equip investors with the tools to navigate the multifaceted agricultural sector with prudence and foresight. Furthermore, the paper emphasizes the imperative of seamlessly integrating risk assessment and portfolio optimization, highlighting the art of striking a delicate balance between risk and return in agricultural investments. This synthesis empowers investors to make informed decisions, adapt to changing circumstances, and ultimately, cultivate a robust and prosperous agricultural investment portfoli

Rehabilitation of long standing ankylosis of temporo-mandibular joint in a 65 year old lady: A management quandary

Temporomandibular joint ankylosis commonly occurs as a result of trauma to the face resulting in fusion of the temporal bone to condyle of the mandible .Immediate and appropriate care of facial fractures can minimise the risk of development of ankylosis. We report a case of TMJ ankylosis in a 65 year old lady with complaint of inability to open the mouth since 44 years . The lack of appropriate treatment at the time of trauma led to TMJ ankylosis and its sequale for 44 years. The ankylosis was surgically managed followed by aggressive physiotherapy. Surgeries in geriatric patient need to outweigh benefit over risk. The article describes challenges posed in rehabilitation of this patient