Program Experiences Limentação Combined Local School E Desenvolvimento Em São Paulo-brazil [experiências De Programas Combinados De Alimentação Escolar E Desenvolvimento Local Em São Paulo-brasil]

School feeding is a public policy that serves nearly 50 million Brazilians, which receive at least one meal a day. Recent legislation has tied the procurement of food to the schools to family farming through transfers from the federal government. This descriptive study sought to assess the combined effect of school feeding programs and rural development in the following dimensions: improvement of the living conditions of farmers, the local development and the food quality served to students. The research focused in two municipalities that share socio-economic, demographic and cultural aspects. One of them had implanted the food procurement from family farms (test), and the other not (control) during the years 2010 and 2011. The results show that organization of family farmers from incentives and support mechanisms by the municipal administration is essential to implement the municipal procurement. Operational difficulties relating to the purchase and supply limit the pace of the food procurement from local family farmers. Regarding nutritional components of school meals analyzed it's possible to conclude that purchasing food from family farms is not sufficient to promote more appropriate menus.18345772Abramovay, R., (2009) O Futuro Das Regiões Rurais. Porto Alegre: UFRGS, 2a Edição(2009) LEI No- 11.947, DE 16 DE JUNHO DE 2009, , BRASIL, Dispõe sobre o atendimento da alimentação escolar e do Programa Dinheiro Direto na Escola aos alunos da educação básica. Brasília, Presidência da RepúblicaCook, J.T., Frank, D.A., Food Security, Poverty, and Human Development in the United States (2008) Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1136, pp. 193-209Domene, S.M.A., Chaim, N.A., Turpin, M.E., Menezes, F., A Alimentação Na Escola: Uma Avaliação Qualitativa (2011) Desnutrição, Pobreza E Sofrimento Psíquico, , Em: SAWAYA Et Al., (org.)São Paulo: Editora da Universidade de São Paulo(2009) Resolução CD/FNDE N 038 De 16 De Julho De 2009, , FUNDO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO DA EDUCAÇÃO, FNDE/MEC, Brasília: FNDE/MEC(2006) Resolução CD/FNDE N 032 De 10 De Agosto De 2006, , FUNDO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO DA EDUCAÇÃO, FNDE/MEC, Brasília: FNDE/MEC(1977) Estudo Nacional Da Despesa Familiar, , FUNDAÇÃO INSTITUTO BRASILEIRO DE GEOGRAFIA E ESTATÍSTICA, FIBGE, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e EstatísticaInfante, B.A., Inventario de los programas de alimentación escolar en América Latina (2005) Informe Final-Programa Mundial De Alimentos, , Proyecto SA/05/ PDPF/042924(2003) Censo Demográfico 2003, , INSTITUTO BRASILEIRO DE GEOGRAFIA E ESTATÍSTICA, IBGE, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e EstatísticaMente, A., Koning, L., Shannon, H.S., Anand, S.S., A systematic review of the evidence supporting a causal link between dietary factors and coronary heart disease (2009) Archives of Internal Medicine, 169Morgan, K., Sonnino, R., Empowering consumers: Creative procurement and school meals in Italy and the UK (2007) International Journal of Consumer Studies, 31 (1), pp. 19-25Panigassi, G., Segall-Corrêa, A.M., Marin-León, L., Pérez-Escamilla, R., Maranha, L.K., Sampaio, M.F.A., Insegurança alimentar intrafamiliar e perfil de consumo de alimentos (2008) Brazilian Journal of Nutrition, 21, pp. 135-144Pérez-Escamilla, R., Experiência internacional com a escala de percepção da insegurança alimentar (2005) Cadernos De Estudos Desenvolvimento Social Em Debate, 1 (2), pp. 14-25Pérez-Escamilla, R., Correa-Segall, A.M., Kurdian, L.K., Archanjo, M., de Fátima, Letícia, M.L., Panigassi, G., An adapted version of the U.S. department of agriculture food insecurity module is a valid tool for assessing household food insecurity in Campinas (2004) Brazilian Journal of Nutrition, 134, pp. 1923-1928Pothukuchi, K., Kaufman, J.L., Placing the Food System on the Urban Agenda: The Role of Municipal Institutions in Food Systems Planning (1999) Agriculture and Human Values, 16, pp. 213-224Schneider, S., Situando o Desenvolvimento Rural no Brasil: O Contexto e as Questões em Debate (2010) Revista De Economia Política, 30, pp. 511-531Segall-Corrêa, A.M., Pérez-Escamilla, R., Sampaio, M., de Fátima, A., Marin-Leon, L., Panigassi, G., Maranha, L.K., Acompanhamento e avaliação da segurança alimentar de famílias brasileiras: Validação de metodologia e de instrumento de coleta de informação (2004) Relatório Técnico. Ministério Da Saúde, , http://www.opas.org.br/sistema/arquivos/vru_unic.pdf, consulta: 10/03/2011Sonnino, R., Escaping the local trap: Insights on re-localization from school food reform (2010) Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 12 (1), pp. 23-40Tabela Brasileira de Composição de Alimentos-TACO (2006) Versão 2Segunda Edição, , http://www.unicamp.br/nepa/taco/contar/taco_versao2.pdf, UNICAMP, Campinas: UNICAMP, consulta: 10/03/2011)Nutrient data laboratory. Food Composition Database (2005) USDA 2005, , http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/, UNITED STATES DEPARTAMENT OF AGRICULTURE, USDA, consulta: 10/03/2011)(2009) AnthroPlus For Personal Computers Manual: Software For Assessing Growth of the World's Children and Adolescents, , http:/www.who.int/growthref/tools/en, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, WHO, Geneva: WHO, consulta: 10/02/ 2009)The WHO child growth standards, 2006 (2006) WHO, , http://www.who.int/childgrowth/en, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, WHO, consulta: 16/08/2010Zepeda, A.O.N., Alimentación en las Escuelas de América Latina: Recomendaciones para Mejorar su Efectividad (2008) Iniciativa ALCSH-FAO/RLC, p. 05. , Working Paper

Evaluation Of The Usability Of A Mobile Digital Food Guide Based On User Perception [avaliação Da Usabilidade Do Guia Alimentar Digital Móvel Segundo A Percepção Dos Usuários]

The use of digital technology in the form of health care apps has been on the increase. In the nutrition area, apps are now available with a view to lead to behavior change, helping individuals to reflect on their food choices and identify weak points in their dietary routine. The article seeks to evaluate user perception regarding the usability of the Digital Food Guide (DFG), which is a mobile smartphone app with guidelines on healthy eating. A cross-sectional study evaluated the user perception of the app using the Likert scale, built with 24 assertions organized in three dimensions of analysis: the DFG as an intuitive and self-explanatory tool; the DFG as a promoter of healthy food choices; and the DFG as a promoter of the transition to the appropriate weight. The instrument was assessed regarding its reliability through the split-half and validity method in two stages. The 22 assertions were validated; the reliability was 0.93; the average of the assertions in each dimension was 3.10; of the 80 respondents, 58.75% considered the implementation of the DFG to be positive. The application has good usability as perceived by users, considering analysis of the dimensions relating to its performance.19514371446(2013) Obesity and overweight., , http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/index.html#, Word Health Organization (WHO). [Internet]. [acessado 2014 abr 2]. Disponível em: Disponível emNoronha, J., Hysen, E., Zhang, H., PlateMate: Crowdsourcing nutrition analysis from food photographs (2011) UIST'11 Proceedings og the 24th annual ACM symposium on user interface software and technology., pp. 1-12. , In: Washington: Harvard School of Engineering and Applied SciencesTeixeira, P.D.S., Reis, B.Z., Vieira, D.A.S., Costa, D., Costa, J.O., Raposo, O.F.F., Wartha, E.R.S.A., Netto, R.S.M., Intervenção nutricional educative como ferramenta eficaz para mudanças de hábitos alimentares e peso corporal entre praticantes de atividade física (2013) Cien Saude Colet, 18 (2), pp. 347-356Liu, C., Zhu, Q., Holroyd, K.A., Seng, E.K., Status and trends of mobile-health applications for iOS devices: A developer's perspective (2011) J Syst Software, 84 (11), pp. 2022-2033Parker, A.G., Harper, R., Grinter, R.E., Celebratory health technology (2011) J Diab Science Techny, 5 (2), pp. 319-324Penn, L., Boeing, H., Boushey, C.J., Dragsted, L.O., Kaput, J., Scalbert, A., Welch, A.A., Mathers, J.C., Assessment of dietary intake: NuGO symposium report (2010) Genes Nutr, 5 (3), pp. 205-213Thompson, F.E., Subar, A.F., Loria, C.M., Reedy, J.L., Baranowshi, T., Need for technological innovation in dietary assessment (2011) J Am Diet Assoc, 110 (1), pp. 48-51(2010) Brasil, redes: Linhas telefônicas e assinantes de telefonia celular., , http://www.ibge.gov.br/oaisesat/main.php, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Brasil. [Internet]. [acessado 2013 jul 15]. Disponível em: Disponível em(2009) Sala de imprensa: Acesso à internet e posse de telefone móvel celular para uso pessoal., , http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/noticias/notica_visualiza.php?id_noticia=1517, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Brasil. [acessado 2013 jul 13]. Disponível em: Disponível emKenney, M., Pon, B., Structuring the smartphone industry: Is the mobile internet OS platform the key? (2011) J Ind Compet Trade, 11 (3), pp. 239-261Moura, A.M., (2010) Apropriação do telemóvel como ferramenta de mediação em mobile learning-estudos de caso em contexto educativo [dissertação]., , Braga: Universidade do MinhoGrohmann, Z.M., Battistella, L.F., Homens e mulheres "aceitam" de maneira diferente? impacto do gênero no modelo (expandido) de aceitação da tecnologia-TAM (2011) Inf & Soc, 21 (1), pp. 175-189Likert, R., Roslow, S., Murphy, G., A simple and reliable method of scoring the thurstone attitude scales (1993) Pers Psychol, 46 (3), pp. 689-690Wakita, T., Ueshima, N., Noguchi, H., Psychological distance between categories in the Likert Scale: Comparing different numbers of options (2012) EPM, 72 (4), pp. 533-546Willett, W.C., Skerrett, P.J., (2002) Eat, drink, and be healthy: The Harvard Medical School Guide to Healthy Eating., , Washington: Harvard School of Medicine Free Press(2011) Guide to eating a healthy meal based on latest science., , http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/press-releases/healthy-eating-plate/, Harvard School of Public Health. HSPH News. [Internet]. [acessado 2014 abr 2]. Disponível em: Disponível emBrandalise, L.T., (2006) Modelos de medição de percepção e comportamento [dissertação]., , Cascavel: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do ParanáNata, R.N., Progress in Education (2012) Development and validation of a strategy to assess teaching methods in undergraduate disciplines., pp. 81-107. , In: Moraes SG, Justino ML, Jansen BF, Barbosa EP, Bruno, LFC, Pereira LAV. Nova York: Nova Science Publishers IncSchimidt, M.J., (1975) Understanding and using statistics basic concepts., , Massachusetts: Health and Company(2010) Censo demográfico 2010., , http://www.censo2010.ibge.gov.br/apps/mapa/, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Brasil. [Internet]. [acessado 2014 abr 2]. Disponível em: Disponível emBoushey, C., Wright, J.K.D.L., Ebert, D.E.J.D., Use of technology in children's dietary assessment (2009) Eur J Clin Nutr, 63 (1), pp. S50-S57Sevick, M.A., Zickmund, S., Korytkowski, M., Piraino, B., Sereika, S., Mihalko, S., Snetselaar, L., Burke, L.E., Design, feasibility, and acceptability of an intervention using personal digital assistant-based self-monitoring in managing type 2 diabetes (2008) Contemp Clin Trials, 29 (3), pp. 396-409Toral, N., Slater, B., Abordagem do modelo transteórico no comportamento alimentar (2007) Cien Saude Colet, 12 (6), pp. 1641-1650Fonseca, A.B., Souza, T.S.N., Frozi, D.S., Pereira, R.A., Modernidade alimentar e consumo de alimentos: Contribuições sócio-antropológicas para a pesquisa e nutrição (2011) Cien Saude Colet, 16 (9), pp. 3853-3862Fabry, P., Hejl, Z., Fodor, J., Braun, T.K.Z., The frequency of meals: Its relation to overweight, hypercholesterolaemia, and decreased glucose tolerance (1964) Lancet, 284 (7360), pp. 614-615La Bounty, P.M., Campbell, B.I., Wilson, J., Galvan, E., Berardi, J., Kleiner, S.M., Kreider, R.B., Antonio, J., International society of sports nutrition position stand: Meal frequency (2011) J Int Soc Sports Nutri, 8 (4), pp. 1-12Neumark-sztainer, D., Wall, M., Fulkerson, J.A., Larson, N., Changes in the frequency of family meals from 1999 to 2010 in the homes of adolescents: Trends by sociodemographic characteristics (2013) J Adol Health, 52 (2), pp. 201-206Chisolm, D.J., Does online health information seeking act like a health behavior?: A test of the behavioral model (2010) Telemed E-Health, 16 (2), pp. 154-160Rowe, S., Alexander, N., Almeida, N., Black, R., Burns, R., Bush, L., Crawford, P., Horn, L.V., Food Science Challenge: Translating the dietary guidelines for americans to bring about real behavior change (2011) JFS, 76 (1), pp. 29-37Rusin, M., Arsand, E., Hartvigsen, G., Functionalities and input methods for recording food intake: A systematic review (2013) Int J Med Inform, 82 (8), pp. 653-66

Estimated Zinc Availability In School Meals Done With Standard Foods In The City Of Campinas (sp), Brazil [estimativa Da Disponibilidade De Zinco Em Refeições Com Preparações Padronizadas Da Alimentação Escolar Do Município De Campinas]

Objective: This study aimed to assess the molar ratios of phytate:Zn and phytatexCa:Zn/MJ in meals for school children aging from 7 to 14 years. Methods: Recipes were standardized in a school and submitted an acceptance test by assessing meal leftovers. The availability of zinc in the usual meals was determined by calculating the molar ratios of phytate:zinc and phytatexCa:Zn/MJ. The dietary calculations were done with the program Nut Win (version 1.5) and 15 and 22 were used as cutoff values for the molar ratios of phytate:Zn and phytatexCa:Zn/MJ respectively for proper Zn absorption. Results: The results show that 50.0% of the preparations present risk to the absorption of zinc according to the phytate:Zn ratio and 40.0% according to phytatexCa:Zn/MJ ratio; 82.0% of the diets offer less than 15.0% of the recommended calcium amounts and 63.6% are very likely to be inadequate regarding lipids. Conclusion: The use of the molar ratios to assess the school menus indicates that zinc availability may be low. This could be reversed by serving good sources of zinc, such as meats, more often.212161167Furtuoso, M.C.O., Ometto, A.M.H., Pipitone, M.A.P., Silva, M.V., Sturion, G.L., Fatores condicionantes da adesão dos alunos ao Programa de Alimentaçã o Escolar no Brasil. (2005) Rev Nutr, 18 (2), pp. 167-181Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educação. Resolução no 35, de 1 de outubro de 2003. Estende atendimento do PNAE a creches e estabelece valores per capita. [acesso 2005 ago 9]. Disponível em: 〈http://www.fnde.gov.br/home/legislacao_manuais/ alimentacao_escolar/res035_01102003.pdf〉Apoio Fome Zero. Prêmio Gestor Eficiente da Merenda Escolar. [acesso 2005 ago 19]. Disponível em: 〈http://www.apoiofomezero.org. br/site/index.asp?Fuseaction=Conteudo&ParentID=45&Menu=45&Materia= 212〉Mazariegos, M., Hambidge, K.M., Krebs, N.F., Westcott, J.E., Lei, S., Grunwald, G.K., Zinc absorption in Guatemalan schoolchildren fed normal or low-phytate maize (2006) Am J Clin Nutr, 83 (1), pp. 59-64Hambidge, K.M., Krebs, N.F., Westcott, J.L., Sian, L., Miller, L.V., Peterson, K.L., Absorption of calcium from tortilla meals prepared from low-phytate maize (2005) Am J Clin Nutr, 82 (1), pp. 84-87Davies, N.T., Olpin, S.E., Studies on the phytate: Zinc molar contents in diets as a determinant of Zn availability to young rats (1979) Br J Nutr, 41, pp. 591-603Fordyce, E.J., Forbes, R.M., Robbins, K.R., Erdman Jr, J.W., Phytate x calcium/zinc molar ratios: Are they predictive of zinc bioavailability? (1987) J Food Sci, 52, pp. 440-444Broadhead, R.L., Gibson, R.S., Hambidge, K.M., Hotz, C., Krebs, N.F., Manary, M.J., Zinc homeostasis in Malawian children consuming a high-phytate, maize-based diet (2002) Am J Clin Nutr, 75 (6), pp. 1057-1061Ferguson, E.L., Gibson, R.S., Opare-Obisaw, C., Ounpuu, S., Thompson, L.U., Lehrfeld, J., The zinc nutriture of preschool children living in two African countries (1993) J Nutr, 123 (9), pp. 1487-1496Gibson, R.S., Vanderkooy, S., Thompson, L., Dietary phytate x calcium/zinc millimolar ratios and zinc nutriture in some Ontario preschool children (1991) Biol Trace Elem Res, 30 (1), pp. 87-94Haraldsson, A.K., Veide, J., Andlid, T., Alminger, M.L., Sandberg, A.S., Degradation of phytate by high-phytase Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains during simulated gastrointestinal digestion (2005) J Agric Food Chem, 53 (13), pp. 5438-5444National Academy of Sciences on Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) (2001) Dietary reference intakes: Applications in dietary assessment, , Institute of Medicine, Washington DC, National Academy Press;National Academy of Sciences on Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) (1999) Dietary reference intakes for calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D, and fluoride, , Institute of Medicine, Washington DC, National Academy Press;Institute of Medicine. National Academy of Sciences on Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI). Dietary reference intakes for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein, and amino acids (macronutrients) pre-publication. Washington (DC): National Academy Press2002National Academy of Sciences on Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) (2002) Dietary reference intakes for vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and zinc, , Institute of Medicine, Washington DC, National Academy Press;Adams, C.L., Dorsch, J.A., Hambidge, M., Krebs, N.F., Raboy, V., Sian, L., Zinc absorption from a low-phytic acid maize (2002) Am J Clin Nutr, 76 (3), pp. 556-559Cardoso, S.P., Martins, C., Interações droga-nutriente (1998) Curitiba: NutroClínicaHulthén, L.R., Larsson, M., Sandberg, A.S., Sandstrom, B., Improved zinc and iron absorption from breakfast meals containing malted oats with reduced phytate content (1996) Br J Nutr, 76, pp. 677-688Oberleas, D., Harland, B.E., Phytate content of foods: Effect on dietary zinc bioavailability (1981) J Am Diet Assoc, 79, pp. 433-436Liddell, J., Lockie, G.M., Wise, A., Dietary intakes of phytate and its meal distribution pattern amongst staff and students in an institution of higher education (1987) Br J Nutr, 58 (3), pp. 337-346Gibson, R.S., Yeudall, F., Drost, N., Mtitimuni, B.M., Cullinan, T.R., Experiences of a community-based dietary intervention to enhance micronutrient adequacy of diets low in animal source foods and high in phytate: A case study in rural Malawian children (2003) J Nutr, 133 (11 SUPPL. 2), pp. 3992S-3999SBwibo, N.O., Neumann, C.G., The need for animal source foods by Kenyan children (2003) J Nutr, 133 (11 SUPPL. 2), pp. 3936S-3940SKrebs, N.F., Bioavailability of dietary supplements and impact of physiologic state: Infants, children and adolescents (2001) J Nutr, 131 (SUPPL. 4), pp. 1351-1354Tereso MJA, Vianna RPT. O Programa de Merenda Escolar de Campinas: análise do alcance e limitações do abastecimento regional. Rev Nutr. 2000;13(1):41-9Mazzilli, R.N., Merenda no dia alimentar de crianças matriculadas em centros de educação e alimentação do pré-escolar. (1987) Rev Saúde Pública, 21 (4), pp. 317-32

Diet Quality And Associated Factors Among The Elderly: A Population-based Study In Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil [qualidade Da Dieta E Fatores Associados Entre Idosos: Estudo De Base Populacional Em Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil]

The aim of this study was to assess the quality of diet among the elderly and associations with socio-demographic variables, health-related behaviors, and diseases. A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in a representative sample of 1,509 elderly participants in a health survey in Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil. Food quality was assessed using the Revised Diet Quality Index (DQI-R). Mean index scores were estimated and a multiple regression model was employed for the adjusted analyses. The highest diet quality scores were associated with age 80 years or older, Evangelical religion, diabetes mellitus, and physical activity, while the lowest scores were associated with home environments shared with three or more people, smoking, and consumption of soft drinks and alcoholic beverages. The findings emphasize a general need for diet quality improvements in the elderly, specifically in subgroups with unhealthy behaviors, who should be targeted with comprehensive strategies.30816801694Iser, B.P.M., Yokota, R.T.C., Sá, N.N.B., Moura, L., Malta, D.C., Prevalência de fatores de risco e proteção para doenças crônicas nas capitais do Brasil principais resultados do Vigitel 2010 (2012) Ciênc Saúde Coletiva, 17, pp. 2343-2356Inzitari, M., Doets, E., Bartali, B., Benetou, V., Di Bari, M., Visser, M., Nutrition in the age-related disablement process (2011) J Nutr Health Aging, 15, pp. 599-604Soenen, S., Chapman, I.M., Body weight, anorexia, and undernutrition in older people (2013) J Am Med Dir Assoc, 14, pp. 642-648Fisberg, R.M., Marchioni, D.M.L., Castro, M.A., Verly Junior, E., Araújo, M.C., Bezerra, I.N., Ingestão inadequada de nutrientes na população de idosos do Brasil: Inquérito Nacional de Alimentação 2008-2009 (2013) Rev Saúde Pública, 47 (1), pp. 222S-230SKennedy, E.T., Ohls, J., Carlson, S., Fleming, K., The Healthy Eating Index: Design and applications (1995) J Am Diet Assoc, 95, pp. 1103-1108(2005) Department of Health and Human Services, , U.S. Department of AgricultureU.S, Dietary guidelines for Americans, Washington DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture/U.S. Department of Health and Human Services2005Guenther, P.M., Reedy, J., Krebs-Smith, S.M., Reeve, B.B., Basiotis, P.P., (2007) Development and evaluation of the Healthy Eating Index-2005: technical report, , Washington DC: Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, U.S. Department of AgricultureFisberg, R.M., Slater, B., Barros, R.R., Lima, F.D., Cesar, C.L.G., Carandina, L., Índice de Qualidade da Dieta: Avaliação da adaptação e aplicabilidade (2004) Rev Nutr, 17, pp. 301-308(2006) Guia alimentar para a população brasileira: promovendo a alimentação saudável, , Coordenação-Geral da Política de Alimentação e Nutrição, Departamento de Atenção Básica, Secretaria de Atenção à Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília: Ministério da SaúdePrevidelli, A.N., Andrade, S.C., Pires, M.M., Ferreira, S.R.G., Fisberg, R.M., Marchioni, D.M., Índice de Qualidade da Dieta Revisado para população brasileira (2011) Rev Saúde Pública, 45, pp. 794-798Domene, M.A., Avaliação do consumo alimentar (2011) Nutrição em saúde pública, pp. 41-54. , Taddei JA, Lang RMF, Silva GL, Toloni MHA, organizadores, Rio de Janeiro: RubioFisberg, R.M., Villar, B.S., (2002) Manual de receitas e medidas caseiras para cálculo de inquéritos alimentares, , São Paulo: Editora SignusPinheiro, A.B.V., Lacerda, E.M.A., Benzecry, E.H., Gomes, M.C.S., Costa, V.M., (2004) Tabela para avaliação de consume alimentar em medidas caseiras, , 5a Ed. São Paulo: Editora AtheneuCraig, C.L., Marshall, A.L., Sjostrom, M., Bauman, A.E., Booth, M.L., Ainsworth, B.E., International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity (2003) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 35, pp. 1381-1395(2010) Global recommendations on physical activity for health, , World Health Organization, Geneva: World Health OrganizationScazufca, M., Menezes, P.R., Vallada, H., Araya, R., Validity of the self-reporting questionnaire-20 in epidemiological studies with older adults (2009) Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 44, pp. 247-254Cervi, A., Franceschini, S.C.C., Priore, S.E., Análise crítica do uso do índice de massa corporal para idosos (2005) Rev Nutr, 18, pp. 765-775Willett, W.C., Howe, G.R., Kushi, L.H., Adjustment for total energy intake in epidemiologic studies (1997) Am J Clin Nutr, 65 (4), pp. 1220S-1228SErvin, R.B., Healthy Eating Index-2005 total and component scores for adults aged 20 and over: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003-2004 (2011) Natl Health Stat Report, 44, pp. 1-9Andrade, S.C., (2013) Mudanças na qualidade da dieta e seus fatores associados em residentes do Município de São Paulo em 2003-2008: estudo de base populacional [Tese de Doutorado], , São Paulo: Universidade de São PauloBowman, S.A., Lino, M., Gerrior, S.A., Basiotis, P.P., (1998) The Healthy Eating Index: 1994-96, , Washington DC: Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, U.S. Department of AgricultureJuan, W.Y., Guenther, P.M., Kott, P.S., (2008) Diet quality of older Americans in 1994-96 and 2001-02 as measured by the Healthy Eating Index-2005, , Washington DC: Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, U.S. Department of Agriculture, (Nutrition Insight, 41)Hiza, H.A.B., Casavale, K.O., Guenther, P.M., Davis, C.A., Diet quality of Americans differs by age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, and education level (2012) J Acad Nutr Diet, 113, pp. 297-306(2011) Plano de ações estratégicas para o enfrentamento das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) no Brasil 2011-2022, , Departamento de Análise de Situação de Saúde, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília: Ministério da SaúdeWang, Y., Chen, X., How much of racial/ethnic disparities in dietary intakes, exercise, and weight status can be explained by nutritionand healthrelated psychosocial factors and socioeconomic status among US adults? (2011) J Am Diet Assoc, 111, pp. 1904-1911Chen, X., Cheskin, L.J., Shi, L., Wang, Y., Americans with diet-related chronic diseases report higher diet quality than those without these diseases (2011) J Nutr, 141, pp. 1543-1551Lima-Costa, M.F., (2004) A saúde dos adultos na Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte: um estudo epidemiológico de base populacional, , Belo Horizonte: Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde Pública e Envelhecimento, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais(2010) Censo Demográfico 2010: características gerais da população, religião e pessoas com deficiência, , Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e EstatísticaSarri, K.O., Higgins, S., Kafatos, A.G., Are religions “healthy”? 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Dietary Reference Intakes: Application Of Tables In Nutritional Studies [dietary Reference Intakes: Aplicabilidade Das Tabelas Em Estudos Nutricionais]

Diet planning and food intake evaluation are professional activities classically performed by comparing mean values of ingestion against reference values of nutrient and energy intakes, for either groups or individuals. Without considering certain intrinsic limitations of the reference values, such task may render equivocal conclusions with regard to nutritional adequacy. The nutritional recommendations, prepared as a joint effort between the US Institute of Medicine and Health Canada published since 1997 and known as Dietary Reference Intakes, offer a new model by establishing indices of nutrient intake and refining the concept of risk associated with diet evaluation. Errors of both intra and interindividual nature, due to the variability of an individual's feeding pattern, the uneven distribution of requirements within a population, respectively, and the small number of days of observation, are factors that together can have a large impact on the confidence of the analysis. For these reasons, only the judicious selection of the reference values, published in the form of tables from 1997 through 2005, should enable the user to reach the proper assessment. This paper had the objective of highlighting various critical characteristics of application and compiling the values in order to facilitate their use by both professionals and students of the area.196741760Hegsted, D.M., Establishment of nutritional requirements in man. Bordens Rev (1959) Nutr Res, 20 (2), pp. 13-22(1997) Dietary reference intakes for calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D, and fluoride, , Institute of Medicine, Washington DC, National Academy Press;Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Human energy requirements. Rome, 2004. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation Food and Nutrition Technical report series 1. [cited 2006 Mar 1]. Available from: http://www.fao.org/documents/show_.htmHauber, U., Neuhauser-Berthold, M., Historical development of dietary recommendations (1996) Z Ernährungswiss, 35 (2), pp. 157-162(1998) Dietary reference intakes: A risk assessment model for establishing upper intake levels for nutrients, , Institute of Medicine, Washington DC, National Academy Press;Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Human vitamin and mineral requirements. Rome2002. Report of a joint FAO/WHO expert consultation Bangkok(2003) Dietary reference intakes: Applications in dietary planning, , Institute of Medicine, Washington DC, National Academy Press;(2000) Dietary reference intakes: Applications in dietary assessment, , Institute of Medicine, Washington DC, National Academy Press;(2000) Dietary reference intakes for vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and carotenoids, , Institute of Medicine, Washington DC, National Academy Press;Nusser, S.M., Carriquiry, A.L., Dood, K.W., Fuller, W.A., A semiparametric transformation approach to estimating usual daily intake distribuitions (1996) J Am Stat Assoc, 91 (436), pp. 1440-1449(1998) Dietary reference intakes for thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, biotin, and choline, , Institute of Medicine, Washington DC, National Academy Press;(2002) Dietary reference intakes for vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and zinc, , Institute of Medicine, Washington DC, National Academy Press;Trumbo, P., Yates, A.A., Schlicker, S., Poos, M., Dietary reference intakes: Vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and zinc (2001) J Am Diet Assoc, 101 (3), pp. 294-301Slater, B., Marchioni, D.L., Fisberg, R.M., Estimando a prevalência da ingestão inadequada de nutrientes (2004) Rev Saúde Pública, 38 (4), pp. 599-605Carriquiry, A.L., Assessing the prevalence of nutrient inadequacy (1999) Public Health Nutr, 2 (1), pp. 23-33(1986) Nutrient adequacy: Assessment using food consumption surveys, , National Research Council, Washington DC, National Academy Press;Amaya-Farfán, J., Domene, S.M.A., Padovani, R.M., DRIs, Síntese comentada das novas propostas sobre recomendações nutricionais para antioxidantes (2001) Rev Nutr, 14 (1), pp. 71-78Marchioni, D.M.L., Slater, B., Fisberg, R.M., Aplicação das dietary reference intakes na avaliação da ingestão de nutrientes para indivíduos (2004) Rev Nutr, 17 (2), pp. 207-216(2005) Dietary reference intakes for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein, and amino acids, , Institute of Medicine, Washington DC, National Academy Press;(2004) Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate, , Institute of Medicine, Washington DC, National Academy Press;(2006) Dietary reference intakesthe essential guide to nutriente requirements, , Institute of Medicine, Washington DC, National Academy Press

Efeito da fitase e xilanase sobre o desempenho e as características ósseas de frangos de corte alimentados com dietas contendo farelo de arroz Effect of phytase and xilanase on the performance and bone characteristics of broiler chicks fed diets with rice bran

O presente trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de verificar o efeito do uso da fitase e xilanase no desempenho e na deposição óssea de minerais em frangos de corte alimentados com dietas contendo 15% de farelo de arroz, baixo fósforo disponível e sem suplementação de ferro, cobre, zinco e manganês. A fitase utilizada foi da marca comercial Natuphos 5000 e a xilanase, da marca Avizyme 1300. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4x2+1. A dieta controle foi composta por níveis adequados de nutrientes, sem farelo de arroz e sem enzimas. As dietas dos demais tratamentos foram formuladas com 15% de farelo de arroz, contendo baixo fósforo disponível (40% do recomendado) e sem suplementação inorgânica de Fe, Cu, Zn e Mn, com quatro níveis de fitase (0, 400, 800 e 1.200 FTU/kg), com ou sem xilanase (1 kg/t). As variáveis estudadas aos 21 e 42 dias de idade foram desempenho e cinzas, P, Zn, Fe, Mn e Cu na tíbia. O peso vivo e consumo de ração aumentaram de maneira significativa com a adição de fitase, enquanto que a conversão alimentar não foi afetada, tanto aos 21 como aos 42 dias. O melhor nível de fitase foi de 1.105 e 1.023 FTU/kg para melhor desempenho, aos 21 e 42 dias de idade, respectivamente. A xilanase não afetou significativamente o peso vivo e o consumo de ração, porém melhorou significativamente a conversão alimentar nas duas idades avaliadas, em função de menor consumo de ração nas aves que receberam xilanase. Os níveis de fitase promoveram aumento linear nos teores de cinzas e fósforo da tíbia e não afetaram a deposição de Zn, Fe, Mn e Cu, nas duas idades estudadas. A xilanase não afetou os parâmetros avaliados na tíbia.<br>The present work was designed to verify the effect of the use of phytase and xylanase upon the performance and bone deposition of minerals in broiler diets containing 15% of rice bran, low available phosphorus and without supplementation of iron, zinc, copper and manganese. The phytase utilized was the Natuphos 5000 and the xylanase Avizyme 1300. The experimental design was the completely randomized and the analysis of variance in a 4x2+1 factorial scheme. The control diet was made up of adequate levels of all nutrients without rice bran and without enzymes. The diets of the other treatments were formulated with 15% of rice bran with low available phosphorus (40% of the recommended) and without inorganic supplementation of Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn with four levels of phytase (0, 400, 800 and 1,200 units/kg) with or without xylanase (1kg/t). The variables analyzed at 21 and 42 days of age were performance and ash, P, Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu in the tibia. Live weight and feed intake increased significantly with supplementation of phytase whereas feed conversion was not affected both at 21 and 42 days. The best level of phytase of 1.105 and 1.023 FTU/kg for better performance was reached at 21 and 42 days, respectively. The xylanase did not affect significantly live weight and feed intake. Therefore the data shown a significant improvement in feed conversion at the two ages evaluated provided by lower feed intake by the birds fed diets supplemented with xylanase. The phytase levels shown a linear increase in the contents of ash and phosphorus in the tibia and did not affect the deposition of Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu in the two studied ages. The xylanase did not have any effect on the parameters evaluated in the tibia