External dependency, value added generation and structural change: an inter-industry approach

The external dependency of many industries and the corresponding low value added generated in production, combined with a relatively weak export potential, create high external deficits and growing debt to GDP ratios in several open economies. In this paper we propose an empirical method to assess the evolution of these vulnerabilities, based on a new treatment of interindustry production multipliers. The (gross)output growth potential given by the column sums of the Leontief inverse matrix (backward linkage indicators) results from three terms: interindustry consumptions, value added and imported inputs. After a convenient arrangement of these terms, the evolution of backward linkage indicators can be used to detect structural changes, particularly quantifying a (net) growth effect (more value-added generation) and an external dependency effect (more imported inputs), and to classify the productive sectors accordingly. An application to the Portuguese Economy is made, using input-output tables for the years 1980, 1995 and 2005. This method can also be useful as a simple, but suggestive, device to compare the evolution of two or more economies, along their development processes in time.

A New Kind of Production Multiplier for Assessing the Scale and Structure Effects of Demand Shocks in Input-Output Frameworks

The main purpose of this paper is to develop a new kind of input-output multiplier that would be particularly well suited to quantifying the impacts of final demand changes on the sectoral output growth potential of an economy. Instead of using the traditional output multipliers, solving an appropriate optimization problem provides what can be called input-output Euclidean distance multipliers. This method does not impose unitary final demand shocks with a fixed (predetermined) structure, allowing the “IO economy” to change across the spectrum of all possible structures. It can be very helpful in measuring interindustry linkages and key sectors in a national or regional economy. An empirical illustration is made, using national (Spain and Portugal) and regional (Balearic Islands and the Azores) input-output data.input-output analysis; ultra-peripheral regions; structural change

Assessing Economic Complexity with Input-Output Based Measures

Economic complexity can be defined as the level of interdependence between the component parts of an economy. In input-output systems, intersectoral connectedness is a crucial feature of analysis, and there are many different methods for measuring it. Most of the measures, however, have drawbacks that prevent them from being used as a good indicator of economic complexity, because they were not explicitly made with this purpose in mind. In this paper, we present, discuss and compare empirically different indexes of economic complexity as intersectoral connectedness, using the interindustry tables of several OECD countries.input-output analysis; intersectoral connectedness; economic complexity

O Calendário Atual. História, algoritmos e observações

A ordenação do tempo tem uma importância crucial na vida das pessoas e das nações, determinando os ritmos da ação individual e as relações entre povos e culturas. O calendário do velho Continente, hoje adotado por todos os países do Planeta no âmbito das relações económicas e políticas, conheceu múltiplas vicissitudes ao longo do seu percurso histórico. Para uma compreensão básica da nossa matriz cultural é indispensável o conhecimento dos aspetos mais determinantes desse instrumento fundamental de regulação da atividade humana. Este artigo pretende contribuir para essa compreensão, proporcionando uma breve síntese dos principais antecedentes históricos que marcaram o percurso do atual calendário e disponibilizando um conjunto de ferramentas e resultados derivados do algoritmo de Gauss para determinação da data da Páscoa, cuja variabilidade se repercute na data de outras celebrações. Analisa-se ainda, graficamente, a variação do período diurno ao longo do ano.Time ordering is of crucial importance in the lives of both individuals and nations, as it determines the rhythmic patterns of individual action and the relations between peoples and cultures. The calendar of the Old Continent, nowadays adopted by all countries on the planet within economical and political relations, has met with many vicissitudes in the course of its history. For a basic understanding of our cultural matrix it is essential to have good knowledge of the most determining aspects of this fundamental instrument for the regulation of human activity. This paper aims to contribute for this understanding, by giving a brief synthesis of the most important historical background for our present day calendar and by offering a set of tools and results proceeding from Gauss Algorithm for Easter Sunday date calculation, whose variability influences the date for other celebrations. We also analyse, by means of graphs, the day length variation throughout the year

External dependency, value added generation and structural change: an interindustry approach

The external dependency of many industries and the corresponding low value added generated in production create high external deficits and growing debt to GDP ratios in several open economies. In this paper we propose an empirical method to assess the evolution of these vulnerabilities, based on a new treatment of interindustry production multipliers. The (gross) output growth potential given by the column sums of the Leontief inverse matrix (backward linkage indicators) results from three terms: interindustry consumptions, value added and imported inputs. After a convenient arrangement of these terms, the evolution of backward linkage indicators can be used to detect structural changes, particularly quantifying a (net) growth effect (more value-added generation) and an external dependency effect (more imported inputs), and to classify the productive sectors accordingly. An application to the Portuguese Economy is made, using input-output tables for the years 1980, 1995 and 2005. This method can also be useful as a simple, but suggestive, device to compare the evolution of two or more economies, along their development processes in time.input-output linkages; external dependency; structural change; Portugal

Thermal vorticity production in relativistic dissipative fluids

We have computed the circulation integrations of thermal vorticity with and without charged currents in dissipative fluids. We find that the relativistic Kelvin circulation theorem will be modified by the dissipative effects, therefore, the circulation integrations of thermal vorticity may not be conserved during the fluid evolution.Comment: Presented by S. Pu at Critical Point and Onset of Deconfinement (CPOD), Wroclaw, Poland, May 30 - June 4, 201

Productive and unproductive work nowadays : specificities of teaching in federal universities

Como resultado de pesquisa bibliográfica para tese de doutorado, este texto aborda o debate contemporâneo sobre o trabalho produtivo e improdutivo, a partir das formulações marxianas, com o objetivo de estabelecer considerações para compreender o trabalho docente nas Instituições de Ensino Superior Federais. O tema sugere maior aprofundamento sobre o trabalho docente no contexto atual de novas relações entre capital-trabalho e mais-valia. Divide-se em quatro partes: trabalho produtivo e improdutivo, a partir das formulações marxianas; a forma social em que o trabalho se realiza, apontando o que é fundamental na análise; o trabalho contemporâneo no magistério superior em termos produtivos/improdutivos para o capital; e, por fim, reflexões sobre a relevância das ações coletivas de resistência como mecanismos que podem vislumbrar novos caminhos para a universidade pública e seu coletivo docente.As a result of bibliographic research for a doctoral dissertation, this paper addresses the contemporary debate about productive and unproductive labor, based on Marxian conceptions, with the aim of establishing considerations to understand the work of professors in Higher Education Institutions. The theme suggests greater reflection on the teaching work in the current context of new capital-labor relations and surplus value. It is divided into four parts: productive and unproductive labor, based on Marxian conceptions; the social form in which work is done, indicating what is fundamental in this analysis; contemporary work in higher education in productive/unproductive terms for the capital; and, finally, reflections on the relevance of collective actions of resistance as mechanisms that can envision new paths for public universities and their faculty

Própolis: uma alternativa para diversificar a produção apícola.

O mel é o principal produto da apicultura, principalmente nos estados do Nordeste. Entretanto, nos últimos anos, a produção de própolis tem adquirido maior importância no agronegócio apícola, verificando-se aumento de demanda no mercado interno e significativa representação nas exportações do setor...bitstream/item/123253/1/Saude-Animal.pd