2,897 research outputs found
Generalized Mittag-Leffler Distributions and Processes for Applications in Astrophysics and Time Series Modeling
Geometric generalized Mittag-Leffler distributions having the Laplace
transform is
introduced and its properties are discussed. Autoregressive processes with
Mittag-Leffler and geometric generalized Mittag-Leffler marginal distributions
are developed. Haubold and Mathai (2000) derived a closed form representation
of the fractional kinetic equation and thermonuclear function in terms of
Mittag-Leffler function. Saxena et al (2002, 2004a,b) extended the result and
derived the solutions of a number of fractional kinetic equations in terms of
generalized Mittag-Leffler functions. These results are useful in explaining
various fundamental laws of physics. Here we develop first-order autoregressive
time series models and the properties are explored. The results have
applications in various areas like astrophysics, space sciences, meteorology,
financial modeling and reliability modeling.Comment: 12 pages, LaTe
A Computational Study of the Weak Galerkin Method for Second-Order Elliptic Equations
The weak Galerkin finite element method is a novel numerical method that was
first proposed and analyzed by Wang and Ye for general second order elliptic
problems on triangular meshes. The goal of this paper is to conduct a
computational investigation for the weak Galerkin method for various model
problems with more general finite element partitions. The numerical results
confirm the theory established by Wang and Ye. The results also indicate that
the weak Galerkin method is efficient, robust, and reliable in scientific
computing.Comment: 19 page
Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction and Spiral Order in Spin-orbit Coupled Optical Lattices
We show that the recent experimental realization of spin-orbit coupling in
ultracold atomic gases can be used to study different types of spin spiral
order and resulting multiferroic effects. Spin-orbit coupling in optical
lattices can give rise to the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) spin interaction which
is essential for spin spiral order. By taking into account spin-orbit coupling
and an external Zeeman field, we derive an effective spin model in the Mott
insulator regime at half filling and demonstrate that the DM interaction in
optical lattices can be made extremely strong with realistic experimental
parameters. The rich finite temperature phase diagrams of the effective spin
models for fermions and bosons are obtained via classical Monte Carlo
simulations.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
Non-Fermi-liquid d-wave metal phase of strongly interacting electrons
Developing a theoretical framework for conducting electronic fluids
qualitatively distinct from those described by Landau's Fermi-liquid theory is
of central importance to many outstanding problems in condensed matter physics.
One such problem is that, above the transition temperature and near optimal
doping, high-transition-temperature copper-oxide superconductors exhibit
`strange metal' behaviour that is inconsistent with being a traditional Landau
Fermi liquid. Indeed, a microscopic theory of a strange-metal quantum phase
could shed new light on the interesting low-temperature behaviour in the
pseudogap regime and on the d-wave superconductor itself. Here we present a
theory for a specific example of a strange metal---the 'd-wave metal'. Using
variational wavefunctions, gauge theoretic arguments, and ultimately
large-scale density matrix renormalization group calculations, we show that
this remarkable quantum phase is the ground state of a reasonable microscopic
Hamiltonian---the usual t-J model with electron kinetic energy and two-spin
exchange supplemented with a frustrated electron `ring-exchange' term,
which we here examine extensively on the square lattice two-leg ladder. These
findings constitute an explicit theoretical example of a genuine
non-Fermi-liquid metal existing as the ground state of a realistic model.Comment: 22 pages, 12 figures: 6 pages, 7 figures of main text + 16 pages, 5
figures of Supplementary Information; this is approximately the version
published in Nature, minus various subedits in the main tex
Gitelman syndrome
Gitelman syndrome (GS), also referred to as familial hypokalemia-hypomagnesemia, is characterized by hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis in combination with significant hypomagnesemia and low urinary calcium excretion. The prevalence is estimated at approximately 1:40,000 and accordingly, the prevalence of heterozygotes is approximately 1% in Caucasian populations, making it one of the most frequent inherited renal tubular disorders. In the majority of cases, symptoms do not appear before the age of six years and the disease is usually diagnosed during adolescence or adulthood. Transient periods of muscle weakness and tetany, sometimes accompanied by abdominal pain, vomiting and fever are often seen in GS patients. Paresthesias, especially in the face, frequently occur. Remarkably, some patients are completely asymptomatic except for the appearance at adult age of chondrocalcinosis that causes swelling, local heat, and tenderness over the affected joints. Blood pressure is lower than that in the general population. Sudden cardiac arrest has been reported occasionally. In general, growth is normal but can be delayed in those GS patients with severe hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia
Matched sizes of activating and inhibitory receptor/ligand pairs are required for optimal signal integration by human Natural Killer cells
It has been suggested that receptor-ligand complexes segregate or co-localise within immune synapses according to their size, and this is important for receptor signaling. Here, we set out to test the importance of receptor-ligand complex dimensions for immune surveillance of target cells by human Natural Killer (NK) cells. NK cell activation is regulated by integrating signals from activating receptors, such as NKG2D, and inhibitory receptors, such as KIR2DL1. Elongating the NKG2D ligand MICA reduced its ability to trigger NK cell activation. Conversely, elongation of KIR2DL1 ligand HLA-C reduced its ability to inhibit NK cells. Whereas normal-sized HLA-C was most effective at inhibiting activation by normal-length MICA, only elongated HLA-C could inhibit activation by elongated MICA. Moreover, HLA-C and MICA that were matched in size co-localised, whereas HLA-C and MICA that were different in size were segregated. These results demonstrate that receptor-ligand dimensions are important in NK cell recognition, and suggest that optimal integration of activating and inhibitory receptor signals requires the receptor-ligand complexes to have similar dimensions
Cancer cells exploit an orphan RNA to drive metastatic progression.
Here we performed a systematic search to identify breast-cancer-specific small noncoding RNAs, which we have collectively termed orphan noncoding RNAs (oncRNAs). We subsequently discovered that one of these oncRNAs, which originates from the 3' end of TERC, acts as a regulator of gene expression and is a robust promoter of breast cancer metastasis. This oncRNA, which we have named T3p, exerts its prometastatic effects by acting as an inhibitor of RISC complex activity and increasing the expression of the prometastatic genes NUPR1 and PANX2. Furthermore, we have shown that oncRNAs are present in cancer-cell-derived extracellular vesicles, raising the possibility that these circulating oncRNAs may also have a role in non-cell autonomous disease pathogenesis. Additionally, these circulating oncRNAs present a novel avenue for cancer fingerprinting using liquid biopsies
Degenerate Stars and Gravitational Collapse in AdS/CFT
We construct composite CFT operators from a large number of fermionic primary
fields corresponding to states that are holographically dual to a zero
temperature Fermi gas in AdS space. We identify a large N regime in which the
fermions behave as free particles. In the hydrodynamic limit the Fermi gas
forms a degenerate star with a radius determined by the Fermi level, and a mass
and angular momentum that exactly matches the boundary calculations. Next we
consider an interacting regime, and calculate the effect of the gravitational
back-reaction on the radius and the mass of the star using the
Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equations. Ignoring other interactions, we determine
the "Chandrasekhar limit" beyond which the degenerate star (presumably)
undergoes gravitational collapse towards a black hole. This is interpreted on
the boundary as a high density phase transition from a cold baryonic phase to a
hot deconfined phase.Comment: 75 page
Geometry of open strings ending on backreacting D3-branes
We investigate open string theory on backreacting D3-branes using a spacetime
approach. We study in detail the half-BPS supergravity solutions describing
open strings ending on D3-branes, in the near horizon of the D3-branes. We
recover quantitatively several non-trivial features of open string physics
including the appearance of D3-brane spikes, the polarization of fundamental
strings into D5-branes, and the Hanany-Witten effect. Finally we detail the
computation of the gravitational potential between two open strings, and
contrast it with the holographic computation of Wilson lines. We argue that the
D-brane backreaction has a large influence on the low-energy gravity, which may
lead to experimental tests for string theory brane-world scenarios.Comment: 64 pages, 20 figure
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