Respectful leadership:Reducing performance challenges posed by leader role incongruence and gender dissimilarity

We investigate how respectful leadership can help overcome the challenges for follower performance that female leaders face when working (especially with male) followers. First, based on role congruity theory, we illustrate the biases faced by female leaders. Second, based on research on gender (dis-)similarity, we propose that these biases should be particularly pronounced when working with a male follower. Finally, we propose that respectful leadership is most conducive to performance in female leader–male follower dyads compared with all other gender configurations. A multi-source field study (N = 214) provides partial support for our hypothesis. While our hypothesized effect was confirmed, respectful leadership seems to be generally effective for female leaders irrespective of follower gender, thus lending greater support in this context to the arguments of role congruity rather than gender dissimilarity

A Caenorhabditis elegans MAP kinase kinase, MEK‐1, is involved in stress responses

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/102064/1/emboj7593329.pd

Rotifer communities under variable predation-turbulence combinations

The effects of water turbulence on rotifer communities were experimentally studied under different predation pressures. When the larvae of the phantom midge (Chaoborus flavicans) were present in turbulent water, the abundance of most rotifer taxa was enhanced. Especially the genera Chromogaster, Keratella, Polyarthra, and Trichocerca, increased in abundance. In calm water, chaoborids did not affect the rotifer community. In turbulent water predation by chaoborids was targeted more towards cladocerans (Bosmina sp.) and predation pressure on rotifers was relaxed. Additionally, reduced competition with cladocerans probably contributed to the increase of rotifer abundance. Turbulence alone had no significant effect on rotifer abundance because their individual size was small compared with the diameter of the turbulent eddies. The study suggested that the effects of turbulence on rotifers is not direct but takes place through changed predator-prey relations, i.e., the effect depends on the abundance of invertebrate predators. In aquatic ecosystems with a high density of chaoborids, increasing turbulence can considerably increase the abundance of rotifers.Peer reviewe

Roles of gender and identification on abusive supervision and proactive behavior

Drawing upon social identity theory, we investigate how subordinates¡¦ perceived insider status within an organization may relate to abusive supervision and their proactive behavior. In addition, based on social role theory, we examine the moderating role of subordinate gender in this framework. Using a sample of 350 supervisor¡Vsubordinate dyads from an IT group corporation, we found that abusive supervision was negatively related to subordinates¡¦ proactive behavior, and that subordinates¡¦ perceived insider status mediated this relationship. Results also show that subordinate gender moderated the negative relationship between abusive supervision and perceived insider status, such that it was stronger for female than for male subordinates. This study highlights the pivotal roles of subordinates¡¦ gender and identification in the consequences of abusive supervision at work.Department of Management and Marketin

Role-based paternalistic exchange: Explaining the joint effect of leader authoritarianism and benevolence on culture-specific follower outcomes

We propose a new construct-role-based paternalistic exchange, or followers' awareness of and engagement in a family-like exchange relationship with leaders that builds upon both leaders' parent-like role and followers' child-like obligation. We use this construct to explain the joint effect of leader authoritarianism and benevolence, the essential components of paternalistic leadership, on two culture-specific follower outcomes in Chinese settings: emic organizational citizenship behavior and deference to supervisor. Using three independent samples, we develop a unidimensional measure. We then employ another sample to test how leader authoritarianism and benevolence relate to role-based paternalistic exchange and, thereby, the two follower outcomes indirectly. Our results indicate that, in contrast to authoritarianism- or benevolence-dominant paternalistic leadership, classical paternalistic leadership (the balanced display of leader authoritarianism and benevolence) has the greatest potential to facilitate role-based paternalistic exchange, which, in turn, positively relates to the two follower outcomes. These results suggest that role-based paternalistic exchange advances our understanding of how paternalistic leadership enhances emic outcomes in Chinese settings

It's a Matter of Congruence: How Interpersonal Identification between Sales Managers and Salespersons Shapes Sales Success

In recent years, marketing research and practice have recognized the importance of managing frontline employees' identification. However, investigations so far have focused on identification at the collective level of the self, such as organizational identification, thereby largely neglecting important interpersonal identification processes at the relational level. Using a large-scale data set comprising information from sales managers and salespeople as well as company data on customer satisfaction and sales performance, the authors make a first attempt to address this neglect by exploring important phenomena of interpersonal identification in the sales manager-salesperson dyad. Results show that initial increases in the level of identification congruence between sales managers and their respective salespeople yield positive incremental effects on sales performance and customer satisfaction. Findings also show that interpersonal over-identification and identification incongruence are negatively related to both outcomes. Results demonstrate how sales managers could mitigate these negative effects