Breed Evaluation for Efficiency of Feed Utilization for First Calf Production

Individual feed intake was measured in drylot on first-calf females for a 1-year period through weaning of their first calf. Dam breeds included crossbred Simmental-Hereford, Angus-Hereford, Salers-Hereford and Tarentaise-Hereford produced in two-breed rotations and straightbred Hereford. Cow weights were heaviest for Simmental-Hereford and lowest for Tarentaise-Hereford and straightbred Hereford. Calf weaning weights were heaviest for Simmental-Hereford and Lightest for straightbred Hereford and Angus-Hereford. Intake of cow feed TDN was highest for Simmental-Hereford cows and Lowest for Tarentaise-Hereford and straightbred Hereford. Breed group rankings for total cow feed and calf creep feed TDN intake were the same as rankings for cow TDN intake. Efficiency of feed utilization was calculated as total TDN consumed by the cow and calf during the year divided by calf weaning weight. Breed group averages for efficiency ranged from 12.8 lb. TDN/lb. calf weaning weight for Tarentaise-Hereford to 13.8 lb. TDN/lb. calf weaning weight for Angus-Hereford. A Large amount of variation among individual cows for the efficiency ratio was noted. These results indicate some differences among breed types for efficiency of feed utilization for first calf production, although variation among individuals was also important

Cow Efficiency Pre- and Postweaning

Total energy intake of the cow for a year is not indicative of her efficiency at weaning or her net return to the enterprise. What is important is how she uses the energy she consumes. Likewise, cow size is not indicative of efficiency or net return. Breed differences probably exist , but they are not as important as individual differences in cow efficiency. Breed differences in postweaning efficiency were found only when efficiency was calculated on a cow basis and the cow\u27s annual intake was included. Remember this is a cow efficiency study and the effect of different sires or different breeds of sire was not evaluated. Carcass trait differences between breeds primarily reflect weaning weight differences or dressing percentage proportion of this difference. When fed to a physiological end point (point where gain and efficiency of gain start to decline), no differences due to breed group in cutability or quality grade were found

Evaluation of Varying Levels of Hereford, Simmental and Angus Breeding Cows

Cow size, reproductive performance and calf performance to weaning were evaluated for Simmental-Hereford cows (25 to 38% Hereford) mated to Hereford bulls, Simmental-Hereford cows (50% Hereford) mated to Hereford bulls, Simmental-Hereford cows (62-7!5% Hereford) mated to Simmental bulls, Angus-Hereford cows (25.38% Hereford) mated to Hereford bulls, Angus-Hereford cows (50% Hereford) mated to Hereford bulls and Angus-Hereford cows (62-75% Hereford) mated to Angus bulls. Simmental cross cows were heavier and taller and produced heavier calves at b i r t h and weaning than Angus cross cows. Pregnancy rate, calf preweaning survival rate and calf birth date did not vary significantly among breed groups. Preweaning growth was greater for calves from cows of high percentage Simmental cows mated to Hereford bulls than for calves from low percentage Simmental cows mated to Simmental bulls, indicating a strong maternal effect for Simmental on calf growth

Sudden death in an adolescent due to primary angiosarcoma of the right atrium

A 16 year old male adolescent of African ethnicity presented to a health care facility with a long standing history of chronic coughing. The treating medical practitioner requested a chest X-ray which revealed a large left sided pleural effusion. The patient was subsequently transferred to a referral hospital (one Military Hospital) in Pretoria, South Africa. Shortly after the patient arrived in the casualty department, he was in severe respiratory distress and active resuscitation had to be initiated. Despite full resuscitation efforts, the patient demised.http://link.springer.com/journal/120242017-09-30hb2016Forensic Medicin

Efeito da seleção para peso pós-desmama sobre indicadores da eficiência produtiva de vacas da raça Nelore Effects of selection for post weaning weight on Nellore cow productivity efficiency indicators

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar indicadores da eficiência produtiva de vacas Nelore selecionadas para peso pós-desmama, enfocados nas relações peso bezerro e peso da vaca, nos rebanhos controle (NeC), não-selecionados para peso pós-desmama, seleção (NeS) e tradicional (NeT). As análises envolveram 3929 e 3906 pesos dos bezerros aos 120 (P120) e 210 (P210) dias de idade, respectivamente. Os pesos das vacas àquelas idades também foram considerados, obtendo-se 3824 (PV120) e 3777 (PV210) registros, respectivamente, para 120 e 210 dias. A análise incluiu 183, 375 e 554 vacas dos rebanhos NeC, NeS e NeT, respectivamente. Para as análises utilizou-se o procedimento GLM/SAS, em modelos que incluíram os efeitos fixos de rebanho, ano e mês de nascimento, sexo do bezerro, idade da vaca ao parto e as interações rebanho x ano de nascimento e ano x mês de nascimento. Todos os efeitos foram significativos. Os resultados mostraram respostas correlacionadas positivas na seleção para peso pós-desmama nos pesos dos bezerros e, em menor magnitude, no peso das vacas. As relações peso bezerro e peso da vaca apresentaram valores médios ajustados de 249,0±2,1; 253,7±1,6; e 255,8±1,2 g/kg para R120 e 362,9±2,8; 368,5±2,1; e 374,6±1,7 para NeC, NeS e NeT em R210, respectivamente, indicando que, nas duas idades, os rebanhos NeS e NeT produziram mais quilogramas de bezerro por quilogramas de vaca, quando comparados ao NeC.<br>The objective of this study was to evaluate the productivity efficiency indicators of cows selected for post-weaning weight, with emphasis in the calf-cow weight ratios, in a controlled herd (NeC), unselected for post-weaning weight, selection (NeS) and conventional (NeT). The analysis involved 3929 and 3906 calves weights at the 120 (P120) and 210 (P210) days of age, respectively. The cow weights at those ages were also considered, and the recorded numbers were 3824 (PV120) and 3777 (PV210), respectively, for 120 and 210 days. The analysis included 183, 375 and 554 cows from NeC, NeS and NeT, respectively. The SAS/GLM procedure was used in the data analyses. The model included the effects of herd, year and month of birth, and sex of calf, age of cow at calving, and the interactions herd x year, and year x month of birth. All effects were significant. The results showed a positive correlated response in the selection for post weaning on the calf weights and, low response, on cow weights. The calf weight/cow weight ratios showed average adjusted values of 249.0±2.1, 253.7±1.6 and 255.8±1.2 g/kg for R120, and 362.9±2.8, 368.5±2.1 and 374.6±1.7 g/kg for NeC, NeS and NeT at R210, respectively, and indicated that, at both ages, the NeS and NeT herds produced more kg of calf by kg of cow when compared to NeC

Produtividade acumulada como critério de seleção em fêmeas da raça nelore Accumulated productivity as selection criteria in nellore breed females

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo determinar os componentes de variância e estimar a herdabilidade da produtividade acumulada (PAC) de 15.070 fêmeas, criadas em diferentes rebanhos participantes do Programa de Melhoramento Genético da Raça Nelore. A PAC é um índice que considera a produção total de bezerros desmamados em kg, o tempo total de produção de bezerros e o início de parição. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas por meio do programa SAS (Statistical Analysis System) e os componentes de variância pelo método de máxima verossimilhança restrita utilizando o software MTDFREML. A média da PAC foi de 130kg de bezerros desmamados por vaca ao ano, e os efeitos do pai da vaca, rebanho e ano de nascimento da vaca foram significativos (P<0,0001) na variação dessa característica. O coeficiente de herdabilidade da PAC foi estimado em 0,15, indicando a existência de variabilidade genética suficiente para sua inclusão nos programas de melhoramento, o que resultaria na obtenção de fêmeas mais produtivas nos rebanhos.<br>This work had for objective to determine the variance components and to estimate the heritability of the accumulated productivity (ACP) of 15,070 females, reared in different participant herds of the Nellore Breeding Program. ACP is an index that considers the total production of calves weaned in kg, the total time of production of calves and the calving beginning. The statistical analyses were accomplished through the SAS program (Statistical Analysis System) and the variance components for the restricted maximum likelihood method using the software MTDFREML. The average of ACP was of 130kg of calves weaned by cow to the year, and the sire of cow effects, herd and year of the birth cow significatly (P<0.0001) affected in the variation of this characteristic. The coefficient of heritability of ACP was estimated in 0.15, indicating the existence of enough genetic variability for its inclusion in the improvement programs, what would result in the obtaining of more productive females in the herds